JUDGES,KINGS,JUDGES,KINGS,PROPHETSPROPHETS

PREPARE THE WAYPREPARE THE WAY

PENTATEUCHPENTATEUCH

CREATION - GOOD ,VERY CREATION - GOOD ,VERY GOODGOOD

SIN ENTERS - HOPELESSNESSSIN ENTERS - HOPELESSNESS CREATOR GOD CREATOR GOD REDEEMER GODREDEEMER GOD ABRAHAM - INDIVIDUALABRAHAM - INDIVIDUAL JOSEPH - FAMILY JOSEPH - FAMILY MOSES - NATION MOSES - NATION

40 YEARS IN DESERT- PREPARATION 40 YEARS IN DESERT- PREPARATION

PENTATEUCHPENTATEUCH

Abraham –father of faith- Abraham –father of faith- salvation beginssalvation begins

Centered on MosesCentered on Moses God reveals himself asGod reveals himself as

– God of God of freedomfreedom– God of God of love & love & forgivenessforgiveness– God who keeps his God who keeps his covenantcovenant– God who God who instructs/guidesinstructs/guides Man Man

towards towards goodness & lovegoodness & love

Old Testament Old Testament prefiguresprefigures New New TestamentTestament

Red Sea- Red Sea- BaptismBaptism Manna- Manna- EucharistEucharist Bronze Serpent lifted up on pole- Bronze Serpent lifted up on pole-

ChristChrist on the Cross-on the Cross- power to heal power to heal & redeem& redeem

HISTORICAL BOOKSHISTORICAL BOOKS

JOSHUAJOSHUA

JUDGESJUDGES

RUTH RUTH

1 AND 2 SAMUEL1 AND 2 SAMUEL

1 AND 2 KINGS1 AND 2 KINGS

HISTORICAL BOOKSHISTORICAL BOOKS ABOUT 1000 YEARS’ HISTORYABOUT 1000 YEARS’ HISTORY ENTRY INTO PROMISED LANDENTRY INTO PROMISED LAND DECLINE UNDER THE JUDGESDECLINE UNDER THE JUDGES PROSPERITY UNDER MONARCHYPROSPERITY UNDER MONARCHY MIXED FORTUNES UNDER DIVIDED MIXED FORTUNES UNDER DIVIDED

KINGDOMSKINGDOMS EXILEEXILE RETURN FROM EXILERETURN FROM EXILE

RELIGIOUS PURPOSE OF BOOK OF RELIGIOUS PURPOSE OF BOOK OF JOSHUAJOSHUA

CROSSING OF JORDANCROSSING OF JORDAN COQUEST OF CANAAN COQUEST OF CANAAN

– GIFT OF GODGIFT OF GOD

- FULFILMENT OF PROMISE TO - FULFILMENT OF PROMISE TO ABRAHAM ABRAHAM

CELEBRATE – CICUMCISION & CELEBRATE – CICUMCISION & PASSOVER FEASTPASSOVER FEAST

AT DEATH OF JOSHUA AT DEATH OF JOSHUA

GOD’S PEOPLEGOD’S PEOPLE– A NATION SETTLED IN THE A NATION SETTLED IN THE

PROMISED LAND PROMISED LAND

– IN COVENANT RELATIONSHIP WITH IN COVENANT RELATIONSHIP WITH YAHWEHYAHWEH

BOOK OF JUDGESBOOK OF JUDGES

TIME OF JUDGES – 1250-1050BCTIME OF JUDGES – 1250-1050BC

JUDGES – WARLORDS /MILITARY JUDGES – WARLORDS /MILITARY LEADERSLEADERS

12 JUDGES : 6 +12 JUDGES : 6 +

OTHNIEL EHUD DEBRAHOTHNIEL EHUD DEBRAH

GIDEON JEPHTAH SAMSONGIDEON JEPHTAH SAMSON

ISRAELITES COMMIT APOSTASYISRAELITES COMMIT APOSTASY

GO AGAINST GOD / COVENANTGO AGAINST GOD / COVENANT

GOD DELIVERS THEM TO OPPRESSORSGOD DELIVERS THEM TO OPPRESSORS

ISRAELITES CRY OUT TO GODISRAELITES CRY OUT TO GOD

A HERO /JUDGE DELIVERS THEMA HERO /JUDGE DELIVERS THEM

PEACE DESCENDSPEACE DESCENDS

Pattern of events:Pattern of events:

People sinned

God punished them

(delivered to hands of

oppressors)

People cried out to Yahweh

Yahweh sent “deliverer”

Judge

People experience

peace

Judge dies, People revert to sin

SINSIN

PUNISHMENTPUNISHMENT

REPENTANCEREPENTANCE

DELIVERANCEDELIVERANCE

GOD STOOD BY THE PEOPLE GOD STOOD BY THE PEOPLE

WHEN THEY WERE WHEN THEY WERE FAITHFULFAITHFUL AND AND OBEDIENT OBEDIENT

ButBut

ALLOWED THEM TO EXPERIENCE ALLOWED THEM TO EXPERIENCE

DISASTER WHEN THEY TURNED DISASTER WHEN THEY TURNED

AWAY FROM HIMAWAY FROM HIM

DEBRAHDEBRAH– GAVE COURAGE TO ARMY –GAVE COURAGE TO ARMY –– LED BY BARAKLED BY BARAK

GIDEONGIDEON – FOUGHT FOUGHT MIDIANITESMIDIANITES– ARMY REDUCED IN NUMBERARMY REDUCED IN NUMBER– POWER OF YAHWEH POWER OF YAHWEH

SAMSONSAMSON– FOUGHT FOUGHT PHILISTINESPHILISTINES– STRONG IN BATTLE BUT WEAK IN STRONG IN BATTLE BUT WEAK IN

COMPANY OF WOMENCOMPANY OF WOMEN

“ “ In those days there was no king in In those days there was no king in Israel; everyone did what was best in Israel; everyone did what was best in his own eyes” Jgs 21:25his own eyes” Jgs 21:25

RUTHRUTH– FIDELITY,KINDNESS,LOVE, FIDELITY,KINDNESS,LOVE,

ACCEPTANCEACCEPTANCE

– BRINGS BACK HOPE BRINGS BACK HOPE

BOAZ – OBED – JESSE -DAVID BOAZ – OBED – JESSE -DAVID

– ANCESTOR OF JESUS ANCESTOR OF JESUS

1 AND 2 SAMUEL1 AND 2 SAMUEL

ISRAEL’S TRANSITION ISRAEL’S TRANSITION

FROMFROM

A LOOSE CONFEDERATIONA LOOSE CONFEDERATION

TOTO

A UNITED KINGDOM - A UNITED KINGDOM -

STRONG MARCHY AND EMPIRE STRONG MARCHY AND EMPIRE

SAMUELSAMUEL

SON OF ELKANAH & HANNASON OF ELKANAH & HANNA

SERVED UNDER SERVED UNDER ELIELI AT TEMPLE AT AT TEMPLE AT

SHILOHSHILOH

RELIGIOUS,POLITICAL UNIFYING RELIGIOUS,POLITICAL UNIFYING FORCEFORCE

PROPHET AND JUDGEPROPHET AND JUDGE

DANGER FROM PHILISTINES AND DANGER FROM PHILISTINES AND OTHER ENEMIESOTHER ENEMIES

ISRAELITES ASK FOR A KING:ISRAELITES ASK FOR A KING:

– ““GIVE US A KING TO RULE US LIKE GIVE US A KING TO RULE US LIKE ALL THE NATIONS” ALL THE NATIONS” 1 Sam 8:51 Sam 8:5

THEOLOGICALTHEOLOGICAL OBJECTIONS OBJECTIONS

““THEY HAVE NOT REJECTED THEY HAVE NOT REJECTED YOU,BUT THEY HAVE REJECTED YOU,BUT THEY HAVE REJECTED ME FROM BEING KING OVER ME FROM BEING KING OVER THEM”THEM” 1 SAM 8:7 1 SAM 8:7

SOCIALSOCIAL PROBLEMS PROBLEMS

SAUL ANNOINTED KINGSAUL ANNOINTED KING

NATION NATION OF ISRAEL NOW A OF ISRAEL NOW A

KINGDOMKINGDOM

SAUL SAUL – 1– 1stst KING KING

– WON MANY WARS WON MANY WARS

– VICTIM OF VICTIM OF PRIDE,JEALOUSY,HATRED OF DAVIDPRIDE,JEALOUSY,HATRED OF DAVID

– SAMUEL ANNOINTES SAMUEL ANNOINTES DAVID,PROCLAIMED KING OF DAVID,PROCLAIMED KING OF JUDAH ON DEATH OF SAULJUDAH ON DEATH OF SAUL

DAVIDDAVID

COMPLETES SAUL’S CONQUESTSCOMPLETES SAUL’S CONQUESTS

CONSOLIDATES POWERCONSOLIDATES POWER

ESTABLISHES EMPIREESTABLISHES EMPIRE

JERUSALEMJERUSALEM MADE POLITICAL AND MADE POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS CAPITALRELIGIOUS CAPITAL

DAVID SINSDAVID SINS

PROPHET NATHANPROPHET NATHAN DENOUNCES DENOUNCES DAVID’S SINDAVID’S SIN

DAVID’S FAMILY IN DISARRAYDAVID’S FAMILY IN DISARRAY

DAVID EXILEDDAVID EXILED

DAVID SINNED BUT HE DAVID SINNED BUT HE REPENTEDREPENTED

FAITHFAITH IN GOD IN GOD

DYNASTIC COVENANT DYNASTIC COVENANT

DAVID DAVID “A MAN AFTER GOD’S OWN “A MAN AFTER GOD’S OWN HEART”HEART”

LEFT RICH HERITAGELEFT RICH HERITAGE

SOLOMONSOLOMON

GIFT OF WISDOMGIFT OF WISDOM BUILT KINGDOM OF GRANDEUR BUILT KINGDOM OF GRANDEUR PEOPLE OPPRESSEDPEOPLE OPPRESSED FELL VICTIM TO APOSTASYFELL VICTIM TO APOSTASY PUNISHMENT – BREAK UP OF KINGDOM:PUNISHMENT – BREAK UP OF KINGDOM:

– NORTHERN KINGDOM – NORTHERN KINGDOM – ISREALISREAL

– SOUTHERN KINGDOM - SOUTHERN KINGDOM - JUDAHJUDAH

PROPHETSPROPHETS

MEN WHO SPOKE FOR GODMEN WHO SPOKE FOR GOD

PROPHECY – THE INTERPRETATION PROPHECY – THE INTERPRETATION OF THE MIND AND WILL OF GODOF THE MIND AND WILL OF GOD

ROLE OF PROPHETSROLE OF PROPHETS KEEP NATION FAITHFUL TO YAHWEHKEEP NATION FAITHFUL TO YAHWEH

CHALLENGE & ENCOURAGE GOD’S CHALLENGE & ENCOURAGE GOD’S PEOPLEPEOPLE

FOCUSED ON FOCUSED ON – MONOTHEISM - MORALITY --MONOTHEISM - MORALITY --

FUTURE SALVATIONFUTURE SALVATION

FORMER PROPHETSFORMER PROPHETS SAMUELSAMUEL

– ANNOINTS ISRAEL’S FIRST KINGANNOINTS ISRAEL’S FIRST KING

NATHANNATHAN– CONSCIENCE OF DAVIDCONSCIENCE OF DAVID

ELIJAHELIJAH CONTEST AT MT CARMELCONTEST AT MT CARMEL

““YAHWEH PROVED HE AND HE ALONE YAHWEH PROVED HE AND HE ALONE IS GOD”IS GOD”

LATTER PROPHETSLATTER PROPHETS88thth T0 5 T0 5thth CENTURY BC CENTURY BC

CHANGING POLITICAL SCENECHANGING POLITICAL SCENE

EXILE OF ISRAEL (NR KINGDOM)-EXILE OF ISRAEL (NR KINGDOM)-ASSYRIAASSYRIA

EXILE OF JUDAH (SOUTHERN EXILE OF JUDAH (SOUTHERN KINGDOM) - BABYLON KINGDOM) - BABYLON

AMOS & HOSEA – ISRAELAMOS & HOSEA – ISRAEL

JEREMIAH – JUDAHJEREMIAH – JUDAH

CALLED ON PEOPLE TO REPENTCALLED ON PEOPLE TO REPENT

THEY DID NOTTHEY DID NOT

GOD’S JUDGEMENT FELL ON THEMGOD’S JUDGEMENT FELL ON THEM

ISAIAHISAIAH– ““IF YOU DO NOT STAND FIRM IN YOUR IF YOU DO NOT STAND FIRM IN YOUR

FAITH,YOU SHALL NOT STAND AT ALL.” FAITH,YOU SHALL NOT STAND AT ALL.” (IS 7:9)(IS 7:9)

– COMING OF MESSIAHCOMING OF MESSIAH– ““SUFFERINF SERVANT” SUFFERINF SERVANT”

WHAT HAD ISRAEL DONE TO WHAT HAD ISRAEL DONE TO ANGER GOD?ANGER GOD?

AMOS – SOCIAL INJUSTICEAMOS – SOCIAL INJUSTICE HOSEA – ISRAEL UNFAITHFUL TO HOSEA – ISRAEL UNFAITHFUL TO

GODGOD MICAH – THE SINS OF ISRAEL’S MICAH – THE SINS OF ISRAEL’S

RULERSRULERS JEREMIAHJEREMIAH

– THE FALSE GODSTHE FALSE GODS– UNCHECKED CORUPTIONUNCHECKED CORUPTION

EXILIC & POST EXILIC EXILIC & POST EXILIC PROPHETSPROPHETS

EZEKIELEZEKIEL– ““DRY BONES”BROUGHT TO LIFE DRY BONES”BROUGHT TO LIFE

THROUGH BREATH OF GODTHROUGH BREATH OF GOD– HOPEHOPE

JEREMIAHJEREMIAH– PROMISES EXILES IN BABYLON PROMISES EXILES IN BABYLON

WILL RETURNWILL RETURN– STRESSES – SEEK GOD WITH THE STRESSES – SEEK GOD WITH THE

HEARTHEART

ISAIAHISAIAH TEACHES ABOUT THE MESSIAH – KINGTEACHES ABOUT THE MESSIAH – KING

OF HOUSE OF DAVIDOF HOUSE OF DAVID

BORN OF A VIRGIN (Is 7:14)BORN OF A VIRGIN (Is 7:14)

SALVATION THROUGH ROYAL SON OF SALVATION THROUGH ROYAL SON OF DAVID ( Is 9:6-7)DAVID ( Is 9:6-7)

ISAIAHISAIAH– ““IF YOU DO NOT STAND FIRM IN YOUR IF YOU DO NOT STAND FIRM IN YOUR

FAITH,YOU SHALL NOT STAND AT ALL.” FAITH,YOU SHALL NOT STAND AT ALL.” (IS 7:9)(IS 7:9)

SUMMARYSUMMARY CREATORCREATOR GOD GOD REDEEMERREDEEMER GOD GOD

PROVIDER PROVIDER GOD OF GENESES GOD OF GENESES LIBERATORLIBERATOR GOD OF EXODUS GOD OF EXODUS

GOD DEFINES FREEDOM / JUSTICEGOD DEFINES FREEDOM / JUSTICE

DACALOGUE/ TEN COMMANDMENTSDACALOGUE/ TEN COMMANDMENTS

GOD OF PROPHETSGOD OF PROPHETS WHO SPEAK OUT WHO SPEAK OUT FOR JUSTICE & PEACEFOR JUSTICE & PEACE

PEOPLE OF OLD TESTAMENTPEOPLE OF OLD TESTAMENTSOUGHT: SOUGHT:

MEANING IN LIFEMEANING IN LIFE ANSWERS TO EVENTS ANSWERS TO EVENTS

LISTENED TO GODLISTENED TO GOD BECAME MORE AWARE OF GOD’S BECAME MORE AWARE OF GOD’S

MYSTERYMYSTERY JOURNEYED TOWARDS THE JOURNEYED TOWARDS THE

TRUTH OF GODTRUTH OF GOD

HOW DIFFERENT ARE WE FROMHOW DIFFERENT ARE WE FROM

THE PEOPLE OF THE OLD THE PEOPLE OF THE OLD

TESTAMENT?TESTAMENT?

ROLE OF PROPHETSROLE OF PROPHETS KEEP NATION FAITHFUL TO YAHWEHKEEP NATION FAITHFUL TO YAHWEH

CHALLENGE & ENCOURAGE GOD’S CHALLENGE & ENCOURAGE GOD’S PEOPLEPEOPLE

FOCUSED ON FOCUSED ON – MONOTHEISM - MORALITY --MONOTHEISM - MORALITY --

FUTURE SALVATIONFUTURE SALVATION

FORMER PROPHETSFORMER PROPHETS SAMUELSAMUEL

– ANNOINTS ISRAEL’S FIRST KINGANNOINTS ISRAEL’S FIRST KING

NATHANNATHAN– CONSCIENCE OF DAVIDCONSCIENCE OF DAVID

ELIJAHELIJAH CONTEST AT MT CARMELCONTEST AT MT CARMEL

““YAHWEH PROVED HE AND HE YAHWEH PROVED HE AND HE ALONEIS GOD”ALONEIS GOD”

LATTER PROPHETSLATTER PROPHETS88thth T0 5 T0 5thth CENTURY BC CENTURY BC

CHANGING POLITICAL SCENECHANGING POLITICAL SCENE

EXILE OF ISRAEL (NR KINGDOM)-EXILE OF ISRAEL (NR KINGDOM)-ASSYRIAASSYRIA

EXILE OF JUDAH (SOUTHERN EXILE OF JUDAH (SOUTHERN KINGDOM) - BABYLON KINGDOM) - BABYLON

AMOS & HOSEA – ISRAELAMOS & HOSEA – ISRAEL

JEREMIAH – JUDAHJEREMIAH – JUDAH

CALLED ON PEOPLE TO REPENTCALLED ON PEOPLE TO REPENT

THEY DID NOTTHEY DID NOT

GOD’S JUDGEMENT FELL ON THEMGOD’S JUDGEMENT FELL ON THEM

WHAT HAD ISRAEL DONE TO WHAT HAD ISRAEL DONE TO ANGER GOD?ANGER GOD?

AMOS – SOCIAL INJUSTICEAMOS – SOCIAL INJUSTICE HOSEA – ISRAEL UNFAITHFUL TO HOSEA – ISRAEL UNFAITHFUL TO

GODGOD MICAH – THE SINS OF ISRAEL’S MICAH – THE SINS OF ISRAEL’S

RULERSRULERS JEREMIAHJEREMIAH

– THE FALSE GODSTHE FALSE GODS– UNCHECKED CORUPTIONUNCHECKED CORUPTION

EXILIC & POST EXILIC EXILIC & POST EXILIC PROPHETSPROPHETS

EZEKIELEZEKIEL– ““DRY BONES”BROUGHT TO LIFE DRY BONES”BROUGHT TO LIFE

THROUGH BREATH OF GODTHROUGH BREATH OF GOD– HOPEHOPE

JEREMIAHJEREMIAH– PROMISES EXILES IN BABYLON PROMISES EXILES IN BABYLON

WILL RETURNWILL RETURN– STRESSES – SEEK GOD WITH THE STRESSES – SEEK GOD WITH THE

HEARTHEART

ISAIAHISAIAH TEACHES ABOUT THE MESSIAH – KINGTEACHES ABOUT THE MESSIAH – KING

OF HOUSE OF DAVIDOF HOUSE OF DAVID

BORN OF A VIRGIN (Is 7:14)BORN OF A VIRGIN (Is 7:14)

SALVATION THROUGH ROYAL SON OF SALVATION THROUGH ROYAL SON OF DAVID ( is 9:6-7)DAVID ( is 9:6-7)

SUMMARYSUMMARY

CREATOR GOD CREATOR GOD REDEEMER GOD REDEEMER GOD

PROVIDING GOD OF PROVIDING GOD OF GENESES GENESES LIBERATING GOD OF LIBERATING GOD OF EXODUSEXODUS

GOD DEFINES FREEDOM / JUSTICEGOD DEFINES FREEDOM / JUSTICEDACALOGUEDACALOGUE/ / TEN TEN COMMANDMENTSCOMMANDMENTS

JUDGESJUDGES – TAKE POSSESSION OF – TAKE POSSESSION OF PROMISED LAND PROMISED LAND

KINGSKINGS - BRING ISRAEL TO NEW - BRING ISRAEL TO NEW GLORY AND DESTRUCTION GLORY AND DESTRUCTION

DIVISION OF ISRAEL AND DIVISION OF ISRAEL AND JUDAH JUDAH

EXILE INTO BABYLON EXILE INTO BABYLON

PROPHETSPROPHETS: VOICE OF GOD : VOICE OF GOD REMINDED ISRAELITES REMINDED ISRAELITES

OF COVENENT OF COVENENT GAVE WARNINGS OF GAVE WARNINGS OF

GOD’S WRATH GOD’S WRATH INSPIRED HOPE INSPIRED HOPE

REVIVED MEMORY REVIVED MEMORY – –

GOD’S FAITHFULNESS GOD’S FAITHFULNESS