10. Ion Exchanger

8/19/2019 10. Ion Exchanger

1/50

AIR UMPAN BOILERAIR UMPAN BOILER

ION EXCHANGER


2/50

Boiler :Boiler :

1.1. Tekanan rendahTekanan rendah : < ! a"#: < ! a"#

.. Tekanan $edan%Tekanan $edan% : ! & '( a"#: ! & '( a"#

).). Tekanan "in%%iTekanan "in%%i : * '( a"#: * '( a"#

Boiler "ekanan rendahBoiler "ekanan rendah ::

- +#+#n,a #en%%+nakan air "an-a olahan air+#+#n,a #en%%+nakan air "an-a olahan air

/e/a$ $adah $e/a%ai air +#-ann,a/e/a$ $adah $e/a%ai air +#-ann,a

Prod+k kerak "er+"a#a oleh ko#-onen ke$adahanProd+k kerak "er+"a#a oleh ko#-onen ke$adahan

0Ca dan M%0Ca dan M%


3/50

Anali$a kerak /oiler "ekanan rendah 2 a.l :

CaO : )23 4 0/era"

M%O : 1.' 4

5eO) : ).3 4

C+O : $ean%in

6a" "idak "erlar+" 0a.l 7iO : 8!.) 4

A$. 7+l9a" anhhidra" 07O) : '.) 4

A$. ar/ona" anhidra" 0CO : $ean%in

A$. Pho$9a" anhidra" 0PO( : 8.' 4

6in; ok$ida 06nO : $ean%in

Al. ok$ida 0AlO) : $ean%in

7odi+#k ok$ida 0NaO) : 1.!

Sumber : Kursus Pengolahan Air Industri , Jur. T.Kimia FTI-ITS


4/50

Boiler "ekanan $edan% "in%%iBoiler "ekanan $edan% "in%%i

- U#+#n,a #en%%+nakan air /e/a$ #ineral

- -ro/le#a kerak "er+"a#a /era$al dari -rod+k-rod+k

koro$i ,an% "erkand+n% dala# air +#-an dan

kon$en$a"

ko#-onen +"a#a -ada kerak +#+#n,a ok$ida /e$i


5/50

Anali$a kerak /oiler "ekanan $edan%"in%%i2 a.l :

Tekanan 0k%9;#

11) 1!) 3 =3

al$i+# ok$ida CaO Tr Tr Tr Tr

Ma%. Ok$ida M%O Tr Tr Tr Tr

Be$i ok$ida 5eO) 332' 3!21 >323 312

+-ri ok$ida2 C+O Tr !21 Tr !21

6a" "idak "erlar+" di a$a# !. 2= 823 !2(

A$a# $+l9a" anhidra"2 7O) Tr Tr Tr Tr

A$. ar/ona" anhidra"2 CO Tr Tr Tr Tr

A$. Pho$9a" anhidra"2 PO( Tr Tr Tr Tr

6in ok$ida2 6nO

Al. ok$ida2 AlO) Tr Tr Tr Tr


6/50

Air +#-an ,% $+dah di-akai $eki"ar 1 "ah+n

0$eki"ar >!!! ?a#2 -e#/en"+kan kerak da-a"

#en;a-ai > 1! #%;# l+a$ -er#+kaan

Ra-a" #a$$a kerak $eki"ar ) %r;#)

Perl+ ;leanin% /oiler Perl+ ;leanin% /oiler


7/50

Pen%olahan den%an -en+kar ion

0Ion E@;han%er

Pen%olahan den%an #en%%+nakan re$in -en+kar ion

den%an #ak$+d a%ar ionion %ara# ,an% "erlar+"

dala# air da-a" di%an"i hin%%a di-eroleh air ,an%$e$+ai +n"+k /oiler.

Pel+nakan air :

-el+nakan $ederhana

-el+nakan den%an dealkila$i


8/50

Pen%olahan /e/a$ #ineral 0de#inerali$a$i

Berda$arkan "i-e /ed 0+n%%+n dari re$in

Ti-e /ed ;a#-+ran

Ti-e d+a /ed $a"+ de%a$i9ika$i

"i-e e#-a" /ed $a"+ de%a$i9ika$i

- Berda$arkian ;ara re%enera$i dari re$in

Re%enera$i aliran $earah

Re%enera$i aliran /erlaanan arah

Re%enera$i /erke$ina#/+n%an


9/50

7i$"e# ion e@;han%er


10/50

Re$in ,an% di%+nakan #e#-+n,ai $"r+k"+r di#ana

radikal -en+kar ionn,a "erika" -ada $"r+k"+r -oli#er

Re$in -en+kar ion :

O Re$in -en+kar ka"ion

O Re$in -en+kar anion

Resin Penukar Ion


11/50

Re$in -en+kar ka"ion adalah re$in ,an% /erko#/ina$i

den%an :

- %+%+$ 7+l9o 0 7O)H2 di$e/+" : Penukar Kation AsamKuat

- %+%+$ Car/o@,l 0 COOH 2 di$e/+" : Penukar Kation

Asam Lemah

Re$in -en+kar anion adalah re$in ,an% /erko#/ina$i

den%an :

-%+%+$ +ar"enar, a##oni+# : resin penukar anion basa

kuat

- %+%+$ a#ina "er$ier2 $ek+nder2 -ri#er 0 NHD NHR D

NR di$e/+" : resin enukar anion basa lemah


12/50

Corre$-ondin% ;a"ion Na2 e";

5i@ed anion e@;han%er radi;al

7O)2 e";

Fiin,l/enene ;ro$$link

a"er o9 h,dra"ion

Pen+kar ka"ion a$a# k+a"


13/50

/. Pen%olahan Pel+nakan a"ion

M%

HCO)

Ca Cl

7O8

7iO

HCO)

Na Cl

7O8

7iO

Re%eneran"2 NaCl

7odi+# 6eoli"e 7o9"ener


14/50

R 0 7O)Na Ca0HCO) R 0 7O) Ca NaHCO)

R 0 7O)Na M%7O8 R 0 7O) M% Na7O8

Pro$e$ -el+nakan

Pro$e$ re%enera$i 0 den%an NaCl 1!4

R 0 7O) Ca NaCl R 0 7O) Na CaCl

R 3 & 7O) M% NaCl R 0 7O) Na M%Cl


15/50

Re;o##ended 5lo$ :

7eri;e = & > %-#9" nor#al

1( %-#9" #ak$i#+#

) %-#9" #ini#+#

Ba;ka$h 8 & > %-# 9" aera%e or

9lo re+ired "o -rod+;ed

#ini#+# o9 (!4 /ed e@-an$ion

e99l+en" ;lear


16/50

Re%enera$i

Re%enera"ion 0/rinin% : !.( & 1.! %-#9") 9lo o9

dil+"e re%eneran" 0e.%. 1!

1 4 NaCl

7lo rin$e : !.( & 1.! %-# 9") 9lo o9

dil+"ion a"er

5a$" rin$e : 12( & 2! %-# 9") 9lo o9


17/50


18/50

H,dro%en eoli"e $o9"enin% and dealkalia"ion

0;a"ioni; e@;han%e

**di#ana -ada #e"oda ini ko#-onenko#-onen

ke$adahan dan /i;ar/ona" 0HCO) $e/a%ai

ko#-onen Malkalini", dihilan%kan.

Ada d+a #e"oda :

** Pel+nakan den%an re$in "i-e H di;a#-+r air /ak+

** -e#i$ahan -el+nakan den%en re$in /en"+k Na dan

H 0 * banyak digunakan


19/50

Pro$e$ -en%olahan :

Air /ak+ dilea"kan $e;ara -aralel ke dala#

/eH dan /edNa dari re$in a$a# k+a"

Air -ro$e$ akan #en%and+n% a$a#a$a#

kar/ona"2 ;hloride dan $+l9a" ,an% "er/en"+k

di /edH dan air l+nak ,an% nor#al dari /edNa

ed+a ha$il olahan di;a#-+r dan /ikar/ona"

dihilan%kan $e/a%ai %a$ CO dala# ala"

-en,era- CO 0de;ar/ona"or

Hin%%a di-eroleh air l+nak den%an kadar

alkalini"a$ rendah 0 ( & 1! #%l


20/50

Ca HCO

M% Cl

Na 7O8

7iO

HCO)

H

Cl

7O8

7iO

HCO)

Na Cl

7O8

7iO

CO

Cl

7O8

7iO

Na

HCl 0re%eneran" 8 & 1!4

NaCl

Re%eneran"

1!4

BedH

BedNa


21/50

Reak$i -el+nakan di /edH

R 07O)H Ca0HCO) R 0 7O)Ca HO

R07O)H M%7O8 R 0 7O)M% H7O8

R & 7O)H NaCl R & 7O)Na HCl

Reak$i di /ed Na

R 0 7O)Na Ca0HCO) R 0 7O) Ca NaHCO)

R 0 7O)Na M%7O8 R 0 7O) M% Na7O8

Ca#-+ran

HCl NaHCO) NaCl CO HO

H7O8 NaHCO) Na7O8 CO HO


22/50

Re$in ,an% "elah di-akai2 dire%enera$i den#%an

lar+"an %ara# 0NaCl 1!4 +n"+k /ed Na dan lar+"an

HCl 8 & 1!4 +n"+k /edH

BedH :

R 0 7O)Ca HCl R 0 7O)H CaCl

R 0 7O)M% HCl R 0 7O)H M%Cl

R & 7O)Na HCl R 0 7O)H NaCl

BedNaR 0 7O) Ca NaCl R 0 7O) Na CaCl

R 3 & 7O) M% NaCl R 0 7O) Na M%Cl


23/50

Be/era-a #e"ode -el+nakan


24/50

Pel+nakan den%an /ed ;a#-+ran re$in

Filak+kan den%an #elea"kan air /ak+ kedala#

"a/+n% ,an% /eri$ikan re$in -en+kar ka"ion a$a# k+a"

/en",+k H dan re$in -en+kar anion /a$a k+a" /en"+k

OH ,an% di;a#-+r $e;ara ho#o%en

Fi-eroleh air olahan den%an ke#+rnian "in%%i "e"a-i

$+li" dan r+#i" $aa" re%enera$i

Filak+kan /ila /enar/enar di/+"+hkan air

l+nak den%an ke#+rnian "in%%i dan rela"i9

$ediki" ?+#lahn,a


25/50

Reak$i -el+nakan :

R 0 7O)H

Ca0HCO

)

R 0 7O

)

Ca H

CO)

R 0 7O)H M%7O8 R 0 7O) M% H7O8

R & 7O)H NaCl R & 7O)Na HCl

R ≡ NOH HCO) R ≡ NHCO) HO

R 0 ≡ NOH H7O8 R 0 ≡ N 7O8 HO

R≡

NOH HCl R≡

NCl HO

R ≡ NOH H7iO) R ≡ NH7iO) HO


26/50

Un"+k la-i$an -er"a#a dire%enera$i den%an HCl 8 & 1!4




Re%enera$i :

Un"+k la-i$an ked+a den%an lar+"an NaOH & ( 4

R ≡ NHCO)

NaOH R ≡ NOH NaHCO)

R 0≡ N 7O8 NaOH R 0 ≡ NOH Na7O8

R ≡ NCl NaOH R ≡ NOH NaCl

R ≡ MH7iO) NaOH R ≡ NOH Na7iO) HO


27/50

1. In service 2. Backwash 3.Cation reg.

4.Anion reg. 5. Rinse 6. Drain

7. Air mi !. Re"i## $. Rinse


28/50

Be/era-a #e"ode -el+nakan


29/50

Pe#/e/a$an #ineral den%an Bed J

1 Fe%a$i9ika$i

7i$"e# "erdiri :

- "a/+n% ka"ion ,an% /eri$i /edOH a$a# k+a"

- ala" de%a$i9ika$i

- "a/+n% anion ,an% /eri$i /edOH /a$a k+a"

ka"ionka"ion di%an"i den%an ionion H dala# /edH2

CO dihilan%kan dala# +ni" de%a$i9ier dan anionaniondi%an"i den%an ionion hidrok$il dala# /edOH

$ehin%%a di-eroleh air /e/a$ ion.


30/50

Ca HCO

M% Cl

Na 7O8

7iO

HCO)

H Cl

7O8

7iO

CO

Cl

7O8

7iO

Na

HCl 0re%eneran" 8 & 1!4 NaOH Re%eneran"

BedH BedOH

Per+/ahan de;ar/ona"or #en?adi $i$"e# deaera"or2

#e#+n%kinkan -en%hilan%an ok$i%en "erlar+" dan CO

$e;ara $eren"ak

ond+k"ii"a$

li$"rik

( & 1! #


31/50

BedH :




BedOH

R ≡ NOH HCO) R ≡ NHCO) HO

R 0 ≡ NOH H7O8 R 0 ≡ N 7O8 HO

R ≡ NOH HCl R ≡ NCl HO

R ≡ NOH H7iO) R ≡ NH7iO) HO


32/50

Reak$i Re%enera$i

Un"+k /edH dire%enera$i den%an HCl 8 & 1!4



R & 7O)Na HCl R 0 7O)H NaClUn"+k /edOH den%an lar+"an NaOH & ( 4

R ≡ NHCO) NaOH R ≡ NOH NaHCO)

R 0≡ N 7O8 NaOH R 0 ≡ NOH Na7O8

R ≡ NCl NaOH R ≡ NOH NaCl

R ≡ MH7iO) NaOH R ≡ NOH Na7iO) HO


33/50

Pe#/e/a$an Mineral den%an 8 Bed J 1

Fe%a$i9ika$i

Ca"ion E@;h Fe%a$i9ier Anion E@;h

Ca"ion E@;h Anion E@;h

Fen%an $i$"e# ini da-a" dik+ran%i ?+#lah re%eneran"2

ak"+ re%enera$i dan ?+#lah air re%enera$i ,an%

di%+nakan ,ai"+ den%an #en%alirkan re%eneran dari

kol+# ke ke kol+# -er"a#a.


34/50

Pe#/e/$an #ineral den%an re%enera$i aliran

/erlaanan

onen$ional : re%enera$i aliran $earah

Re%enera$i arah /erlaanan :

Keuntungan : da-a" di-eroleh air den%an #+"+ "in%%i

Per/edaan dari $+$+nan ionion ,an% di$era-

"erhada- ionion -en+kar dari re$in #enin%ka"kan

e9i$ien$i re%eneran"

Re$in da-a" di-akai $el+r+hn,a


35/50

Ra a"er

A;id a$"e

HCl NaOH

Alkali a$"e

Ca"ion E@;h Anion E@;han%er

a"er Colle;"or a"er Colle;"or

Fe#eneralied

a"er


36/50

Pe#/e/a$an Mineral den%an d+a la-i$an

Ta/+n% -en+kar ka"ion /eri$i :

la-i$an -en+kar ka"ion a$a# k+a"

la-i$an -en+kar ka"ion a$a# le#ah

Ta/+n% -en+kar anion /eri$i

-en+kar anion /a$a k+a"

-en+kar anion /a$a le#ah

a"er

;olle;"or

Ra a"er

Fe#eneralied

a"er


37/50

e+n"+n%an :

a. Re%eneran" ,an% di-akai #e#-+n,ai "in%ka"

e99i$ien$i -e#akaian $eki"ar >! & 1!! 42 karena

re$in a$a# le#ah dan re$in /a$a le#ah

dire%enera$i den%an re%eneran ,an% $a#a den%an

re%eneran +n"+k re$in a$a# dan /a$a k+a"

/. Pen%olahan li#/ah ;air re%enera$i ;+k+- #+dah

karena kand+n%an a$a# dan /a$a didala#n,a

;+k+- rendah

;. K+#lah air -en;+;i dan ak"+ re%enera$i da-a"

dik+ran%i.


38/50

FEAERA7I

Fi%+nakan +n"+k #en%hilan%kan %a$%a$ ,an%"erlar+" dala# air 0ok$i%en dan CO di#ana %a$%a$

"er$e/+" #er+-akan -en,e/a/% koro$i

Prin$i- :

#e#/+a" kelar+"an %a$%a$ di dala# air #en?adi

nol

den%an ;ara -e#ana$an

den%an ;ara ha#-a


39/50

Feaera$i Cara Pe#ana$an

- #e#ana$kan air +#-an hin%%a $+h+ ?en+hn,a

01!! & 1!oC

- /an,ak di%+nakan +n"+k /oiler /er"ekanan

#edi+# J "in%%i

- Ti-e $-ra, Tra,

- In"ernal dearera"or


40/50

%ot con&ensat

%ot

con&ensat

'rimar(&eaerator

)aria*#e water #eve# Drain Deaerate& +mergenc(

,ater over"#ow

Deaerator

water

storage

,ater in team in#et econ&ar( &eaerator Contro##e&

one an& scr/**er water #eve#

Ti-e 7-ra,

7"ea# deaera"or : /reak +- a"er in"o a $-ra, or 9il#2 "hen $ee-

"he $"ea# a;ro$$ and "hro+%h i" "o 9or;e o+" di$$oled %a$e$.

O@,%en ;on"en" ;an /e red+;ed /elo !.!!( ;;li"er2 near "he li#i"

o9 ;he#i;al dea"a/ili",


41/50

Deaerated

water

storage

0o *oi#er "ee&-

/m

%eating an&

&eaerating tra(s

anho#e

Interna# vent

con&ensor

,ater in#et

eve#

contro#

)ent

Tra, 7-ra, ;o#/ina"ion Uni"


42/50

Feaera"or Ha#-a

Fen%an ;ara #en%+ran%i "ekanan dala# ala"

hin%%a $a#a den%an "ekanan +a- air -ada $+h+

/er$an%k+"an. Ok$i%en "erlar+" dala# air ,an%

"elah diolah den%a ;ara ini < !.1 & !.) #%l"

Bia$an,a di%+nakan +n"+k /oiler /er"ekanan

rendah dan ;ara dekar/ona$i -ada -e#/e/a$an

#ineral


43/50

In#et-#eve#

contro#

0o

/m

Coo#ing water o/t#et

%ot we##

team et

Drains

Air an& steam

&ischarge

team in#et

Coo#ing water

Air an&

vaor

takeo""

In#et

&istri*/tor a;++# deaera"or$ +$e

$"ea# e?e;"or or

#e;hani;al a;++# -+#-

"o -+ll "he re+ired a;++#.

Fe%ree o9 a;++# de-end$on a"er "e#-era"+re2 /+"

i$ +$+all, in ran%e 3 in H%

E99 : < !. --# O

CO : & 1! --#


44/50

PENGOLAHAN ONFEN7AT

onden$a" ,an% di"a#-+n% +nh"+k di%+nakanke#/ali /an,ak #en%and+n% -ada"an "er+"a#a

-rod+k koro$i dan -ada"an "erlar+".

Boiler /er"ekanan rendah2 -en%olahan air

konden$a" den%an ;ara ki#iai

Boiloer /er"ekanan $edan% J "in%%i den%an

#en%%a/+n%kan ;ara ki#iai den%an #ekani$

karena di-erl+kan ke#+rnian ,an% "in%%i


45/50

In#et-#eve#

contro#

0o

/m

Coo#ing water o/t#et

%ot we##

team et

Drains

Air an& steam

&ischarge

team in#et

Coo#ing water

Air an&

vaor

takeo""

In#et

&istri*/tor a;++# deaera"or$ +$e

$"ea# e?e;"or or

#e;hani;al a;++# -+#-

"o -+ll "he re+ired a;++#.

Fe%ree o9 a;++# de-end$on a"er "e#-era"+re2 /+"

i$ +$+all, in ran%e 3 in H%

E99 : < !. --# O

CO : & 1! --#


46/50

Boiler "ekanan

rendah

Boiler "ekanan

$edan%

Boiler "ekanan

"in%%i

Pen,arin% "i-e

;ar"ri%e

Pen,arin% "i-e

-re;oa"

Fe#inerali$a$i

+n"+k konden$a"

Pen,arin% ka"ion

Pen,arin% #a%ne"ik

e/+"+han -en%olahan konden$a" +n"+k /er/a%ai /oiler


47/50

PENGOLAHAN AIR FIFALAM BOILER

Pena#/ahan /ahan ki#ia a"a+ -en%olahan ki#iai

didala# /oiler den%an "+?+an +n"+k #en%a"a$i

-ro/le# koro$i ,an% "idak "era"a$i -ada $i$"e#

ek$"ernal.

T+?+an +"a#a :

ko#-onen ,an% /er-o"en$i #e#e/n"+k kerak

di+/ah #en?adi l+#-+r hal+$ ,an% "erdi$-er$i dan

%a#-an% dikel+arkan -ada $aa" -en%+ra$an. -H air da-a" di?a%a $ehin%%a alkalini"a$ ;+k+-

#en;e%ah "er/en"+kn,a enda-an kerak $ilika dan

?+%a #en%hindari koro$i


48/50

oro$i karena ok$i%en "erlar+" da-a" di;e%ah

den%an #en%hilan%kan ok$i%en dari air

oro$i -ada -i-a konden$a" dal$# +a- karena

CO dan O da-a" di;e%ah

Per-indahan -ada"an dari air /oiler da-a" di;e%ah

Bahan ki#ia -en;e%ah kerak /er9+n%$i %anda

an"ara lain :

#en;e%ah "er/en"+kn,a kerak

#en%a"+r -H air /oiler +n"+k #en;e%ah koro$i


49/50

Boiler /er"ekanan rendah

Contro# % an& a#ka#init(

o"tening

#/&ge &isersion

'revent "oaming

e/tra#iation an& "i#m "ormation

a% a2C3 A3'4 a%2'4

%3'4 a3'218 %24

a% a2'4 93'4 a2%'4

0annin ignin tarch :C6%165;n

a23 a%3 2%4 :h(&raine;

/r"actant

%3 orho#ine :C4%!%; R%2


50/50

Boiler /er"ekanan $edan% "in%%i

U#+#n,a #en%%+nakan :

- -ho$9a" a"a+ ka+$"ik

- -ho$9a" +n"+k #en;e%ah "er?adin,a koro$i

alkali ,an% di$e/a/kan oleh adan,a

kon$ne"ra$i alkali /e/a$ ,an% "in%%idi-er#+kaan -i-a -e#ana$.

- /ahan ki#ia /+kan -ho$9a" :

-oli#er $e-er"i -ol,a;r,li; a;id ;hela"in% a%en" $e-er"i EFTA

10. Ion Exchanger

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Transcript of 10. Ion Exchanger