10 Indirect Measurement

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INDIRECT WORK MEASUREMENT


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OUTLINE

Indirect Work MeasurementTechnique

Standard Data/ Formula

MTM

MOST


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WORK MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE

Work Measurement estimation using table(not on the workplace).

INDIRECT

Regression Analysis Standard Data/FormulaPredetermined

Motion Time System

General Approach Functional Approach

(for specific purpose)

-MTM

-MOST

-MTM-M

-MTM-C

-MTM-V


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Indirect Method

Strength1. Finishing time can be defined before the work conductedevery motion

element time is already known.

2. Minimum Time only record one motion element.

3. Lower cost.

Weakness

1. There is no motion table time of motion time data thatdetail and comprehensive

2. Used table not from Indonesia.

3. Need high accuracy from observer.

4. Motion Time Data adjusted with the working condition,ex: office working element VS factory working element.


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Standard Data and Formula Method

Work Measurement standard time thatdefined for every working element based onprevious research.

Ex. : Making a hole with drilling process

standard set up time & handling time.


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Standard data methodfor constant workingelements, Ex.: set-up,loading/unloading,

handling machine.

Formula method (rumus) for inconstantworking elements (variable). Ex.: machining

on drilling machine, drilling, frais.


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Example database of Standard Time


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Predicting Time (T) from Diameter (ID) and Thickness(Thickness) of work piece.

Formula is derived based on linear regression method.


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Regression Analysis Method

Time data obtained through someexperiments and corelated with one or more

variables

Example: turning process on lathe affected bytypes and thickness of material


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MTM

Is a system to set from the beginning of standardtime (predetermined time standard) which

formulated based on picture study of working

motions of an industrial working operation tapedin film.

Time of every working element is determined

based on certain condition that called classes.

These classes include stopping circumstances,

condition of carried objects, difficulties to handle

objects or other conditions.


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MTM

Method Time Measurement divides workingmotions into working elements :

1. Menjangkau (reach)

2. Mengangkut (move)

3. Memutar (turn)

4. Memegang (grasp)

5. Mengarahkan (position)

6. Melepas (release)7. Melepas rakit (disassemble)

8. Menggerakan mata (eye movement), and someother body parts movement.


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MTM

Time unit used in the table is the same as themultiplication of 0.00001 hour and this unitmeasurement is called as TMU (Time-MeasurementUnit).

Time for therbligs is measured in Time MeasurementUnit (TMU)

1 TMU = 0.00001 hour

= 0.0006 minute

= 0.036 second

1 hour = 100,000 TMU

1 minute = 1,667 TMU

1 second = 27.8 TMU


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MTM


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MTM TABEL MOVE


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MTM

General Notation on every motion in BasicMovement Time Measurement is

a b c

d

Where as:

a : basic motion of work

b : distance travelled

c : class of related basic motion

d : notation for other affecting factorsrelated basic motion such as accuracy and weight.

This time is should be added on the time for a b c.


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MTM

Example :

R 16 A = Reach, distance 16 inches,

description A

G 1 A = Grasp, description 1A

= 2.0 x 0.036

=0.072 second


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MTM

MTM-V : Metal cutting operations

MTM-C : Clerical workadministration. MTM-M : work using stereoscopic

microscope.


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MOST

Kjell Zendin HB Maynard and Company (1960).

For every types of activity can have different

motions sequences. Thats why the models activity

sequence separation in MOST method. The separation is divided into 3 motion sequences

that depict manual working.


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MOST

1. General Motion Sequence (The generalmove sequence).

2. The controlled move sequence.

3. The tool use sequence.


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MOST


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MOST


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MOST


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MOST: The general move sequence

Object movement manually from one place to

another place freely.

Motion sequence in General move : A : jarak gerakan (action distance), especially on

horizontal movement

B : gerakan badan (body motion), especially on

vertical movement

G : proses pengendalian (gain control)

P : penempatan (place)


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In general, this model has sequence:ABG ABP A

Mengambil(take) Menyimpan(store) Kembali(return)

Based on activity conducted and adjusted with the table,every parameter is indexed accordingly, where as thesequence become AiBiGiAiBiPiAi

Wsorking time is determined by adding indexes (i)

of every parameter and times by 10 and the scorewill be obtained in TMU, then converted to second,minutes or hour as needed.

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Example:

An operator walking in 3-4 steps distance for taking nut

from the floor, stoop and get up and placing the nut in a

hole.

Sequence Model?

How long is the time?

Use time unit in TMU.

1 TMU = 0.00001 hour 1 hour = 100000 TMU

1 TMU = 0.0006 minutes 1 minute = 1667 TMU

1 TMU = 0.036 seconds 1 second = 27,8 TMU


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Using the previous table, the general activitysequence is:

A6 = walking 3-4 steps to location

B6 = stoop and rise G1 = control on light object

A1 = move object in hand reach

B0 = without body movement

P3 = placing and adjusting object

A0 = without reutrn to previous place

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TMU of every sequence model is calculated by adding inexesand multiply it with 10.

So, the summary: A6 B6 G1 A1 B0 P3 A0

=6+6+1+1+0+3+0 = 17.

The time of activity is 170 TMU = 0.102 minutes.

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This sequence is applied on transferring object,

where the object is in touch with a surface or

combined with othe object during the transfer.

Parameter used is ABG with adding MXI. M every motion that controlled manually or motion of

object is in controlled step.

X shows process time, done by machine and not by hands. I straightening motion, shows the manual movement that

follows in controlled motioin or in the end of the process to

achiece object straightening.

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MOST: The controlled move sequence


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Controlled motion is happened because of two circumstances: Object is controlled in relation with othe object, such as pushing the

button, opening door, rotate lever.

Object is controlled because of contact with another objectsurfaces, example pushing the box above the table.

A BG M XI Aget move return

Parameter M = push, pull, pivot. Parameter X = because the process done by machine.

Parameter I = straightening movement that shows manualmovement that is controlled or in the end of the process timeto obtain straightened object.

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This sequence is applied on movement part that used orutilize/wear the help of handy tools such as pliers, screwdriver,

wrench, hammer etc.

Started with general motion, and then followed by time

measurement for hand with tools motions.

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General Sequence:

ABG ABP ABP A

get place use put the tools back

mencapai menempatkan memakai meletakkan kembali

objek/alat objek/alat alat alat

In the part of using tools is filled with one of

the parameter: F C L S M R T

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MOST: The tool use sequence


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MOST: The tool use sequence

F = fasten (mengencangkan)

C = cut

L = loosen (mengendurkan)

S = surface treat (mis. Ampelas)

M = measure

R = record T = think

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STUDY CASE

R 16 A

R 27 B

R 34 A R 39 B

M 17 A

People is move from one place with the distance

of 5 feets, to take a plier and use it. Daily Activities.

10 Indirect Measurement

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