10 High-Temperature Low-Sag Conductors
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Transcript of 10 High-Temperature Low-Sag Conductors
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California Energy Commission
High-Temperature Low-Sag Conductors
Transmission Research Program ColloquiumSacramento, California
September 11, 2008
Bernie ClairmontSr. Project Manager
Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)[email protected] / 413-499-5708
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California Energy Commission
Transmission Line Rating• Line rating is the amount of power
that can be transmitted (in terms of amps)
P=IV
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California Energy Commission
Criterion for Line Rating Criterion for Rating:
The conductor temperature will be limited to X degC
WHY?
Fear of losingconductor strength
(Thermally Limited)
Fear of exceedingclearance limits
(Clearance Limited)
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California Energy Commission
EPRI’s HTLS Conductor Project – Field Measurements
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California Energy Commission
Why HTLS Conductors• Less sag at high temperatures.
• Higher annealing temperatures.
• Reduced resistance.
• Can replace conventional conductors with no (or minimal) modifications to structures or ROWs.
• Can significantly increase the rating of TL with no (or minimal) licensing requirements or public opposition
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California Energy Commission
ManufacturersSouthwire: ACSS (Aluminum Conductor, Steel
Supported)
3M: ACCR (Aluminum Conductor, Composite Reinforced)
J-Power: Gap
LS Cable: Invar
CTC: ACCC (Aluminum Conductor, Composite Core)
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California Energy Commission
Basic Conductor DesignOuter Strands(for electrical
conduction)
Inner Core (for strength and support)
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California Energy Commission
Conventional versusHTLS Conductors
Conventional HTLS
Inner Core Steel Steel alloyComposite (carbon or
aluminum)
Outer Strands AluminumCircular
Annealed AluminumAluminum Alloy
TrapezoidalMaterial characteristics:
•Thermal coefficient of expansion of Invar (alloy of steel and nickel) is 1/3 of steel
•Annealing temperatures of aluminum and aluminum zircon are 930C & 2300C respectively
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California Energy Commission
ACSS/TW Conductor
Installed at CenterPoint
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California Energy Commission
3M Metallic Matrix Composite Core
Installed at SDGE
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California Energy Commission
Gap Invar
Installed at HydroOne
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California Energy Commission
CTC Carbon Fiber Composite Core Conductor
Installed at APS
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California Energy Commission
Unusual Properties RequiresSpecial Handling
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California Energy Commission
EPRI Project: Objectives & BackgroundObjectives
To provide participants vital information on selecting, designing, installing, operating, and maintaining the HTLS conductors
Main TasksLaboratory tests and Field trialsReports and training materials
Participants15 US, 2 Canadian, UK, Spain & France i.e. ATC, AEP, CNP, Duke, TVA, Southern, Exelon, Hawaii Electric, Xcel, KeySpan/LIPA, California Energy Commission, SDG&E, SCE, PG&E, Arizona Public Services, National Grid (UK), Hydro One & BCTC (Canadian), REE (Spain), EDF
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California Energy Commission
Table of InstallationsWhere Conductor
TypeSize (in.) Voltage # Spans Total
Length (ft.)# Splices
CP ACSS/TW 1.108 138 kV 4 2280 2
HyOne Gap 1.108 230 kV 4 1800 2
HyOne Invar 1.108 230 kV 5 1900 2
APS CTC 1.108 69 kV 4 956 2
SDGE 3M 1.108 69 kV 3 902 2
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California Energy Commission
Installation Dates, LocationsConductor Manufacturer Installation Date Location
ACSS Southwire May 26, 2003 Houston
GapJ-Power Oct. 24, 2004 Ottawa
Invar LS Cable Oct. 24, 2004 Ottawa
ACCC CTC June 17, 2005 Phoenix
ACCR 3M July 21, 2005 Oceanside
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California Energy Commission
Cost
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California Energy Commission
CenterPoint Installation138 kV, double circuit, vertical
Replace 2-subconductor bundles with single conductors
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California Energy Commission
After Installation (ACSS on Left Circuit)
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California Energy Commission
SDGE 69 kV Line SectionReplaced with 3M Conductor
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California Energy Commission
Test Line Arrangement (Before Installation)
Gap & Invar conductors, installed parallel to the two outside phases
of existing 230 kV line
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California Energy Commission
After Installation
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California Energy Commission
New APS 69 kV Line Sectionwith CTC Conductor
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California Energy Commission
Parameter Frequency of Measurements
Instrumentation
Conductor Sag 10 min Video Sagometer
Conductor Tension 10 min Load Cells
Weather 10 min Weather Station
Conductor Current ~ 10 min Substation CT
Splice Resistance Site visits Ohm Stick™
Cond/Hardware Temp Site visits IR Camera (also inferred from sag/tension)
Corona Site visits DayCor
EMF Site visits STAR 1000™
Visual Appearance Site visits Binoculars, camera, etc.
Parameters Measured
Vibration Download during site visits SEFAG recorder
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California Energy Commission
Video Sagometer for Sag Measurements
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California Energy Commission
Load Cell for Tension Measurements
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California Energy Commission
Weather Instruments
SolarSensors Rain Temperature Wind
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California Energy Commission
Data Transfer to EPRI
Wireless IPNetworkCDMA
Internet
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California Energy Commission
Splice Resistance Measurements
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California Energy Commission
Infrared forComponent Temperature Measurements
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California Energy Commission
Corona Detection
Corona observations using DayCor camera
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California Energy Commission
Corona
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California Energy Commission
EMF Measurements
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California Energy Commission
Vibration Measurements
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California Energy Commission
Visual
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California Energy Commission
Deliverables • General Report: “Demonstration of Advanced Conductors for
Overhead Transmission Lines”, PID 1017448 available on August 1, 2008
• Technical Report “HTLS Conductors and their Applications” to be available early 2009
• EDF Report “Study of the Thermo Oxidation for Organic Matrix Composite Concerning the Reinforcement of Overhead Lines” to be available December 2009
• ORNL Report “Methodology for Predicting the Service Life of HTLS Conductors” to be available December 2009
• “AC Resistance of Bare Stranded Conventional versus HTLS Conductors” to be available December 2009
• Installation Video (dated March 19, 2007): delivered
• Workshop: July 30 & 31, 2008
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California Energy Commission
Follow-up work at EPRI
Advanced ConductorsStarting in 2008Maintenance & longevity issuesNew HTLS developed after HTLS Demonstration
Compression FittingsStarting in 2008Design & performance
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California Energy Commission
Questions, Comments, Discussion