Pharmaceutical Chemistry 128 Experiment 1A: Diagnostic Plant Morphology and Anatomy

Plant Lagundi Niyog-niyogan Yerba Buena Bayabas

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Common Name lagundi (Tagalog) five-leaved chaste tree (English)

niyog-niyogan (Tagalog) chinese honeysuckle (English) yesterday, today and tomorrow (English)

herba Buena (Tagalog) peppermint (English) marsh mint (English)

bagabas guava

Botanical Origin Vitex negundo Linn. (Fam. Verbenaceae)

Quisqualis indica Linn. (Fam. Combretaceae)

Mentha x cordifolia Opiz Ex Frescen(Fam. Lamiaceae)

Psidium guajava Linn.(Fam. Myrtaceae)

Ontogenic Factors

found at low and medium altitudes, in waste places, thickets

found throughout Philippines in thickets and secondary forests

native of Europe; grows well in high elevations and rarely flowers in lowlands

very commons in thickets and secondary forests at low altitudes

Plan

t Des

crip

tion

Overall External Features

erect, branched shrub 2-5 meters in height

large, climbing woody shrub 2-8 meters in height younger parts have rusty appearance on

account of brown hairs

prostate, smooth, slightly hairy strongly aromatic purplish herb

8 meters in height young branches are four-angled

Leaves

usually have 5 leaflets, palmately arranged leaflets

lanceolate 4-10 cm long hairy beneath and pointed at both

ends middle leaflets being larger than the

others and distinctly stalked

oblong to elliptic 7-15 cm long with pointed tip and rounded

base

elliptic to oblong-ovate 1.5-4 cm long, short-stalked toothed in the margins and rounded or

blunt=tipped

oblong to elliptic opposite 5-12 cm long apex is pointed and base is rounded

Stems

Roots

Flowers

blue, numerous 6-7 mm long born in terminal inflorescences (panicles)

10-20 cm long calyx: hairy, 5 toothed corolla: densely hairy in the throat, middle

lobe of lower lip is the longest

fragrant and showy first white and then red, reddish-purple or

orange, exhibiting all these different stages on one and the same flower stalk

axillary, head-like whorls calyx teeth are triangualar or lanceolate

and hairy corolla is also hairy

solitary or 2-3 together peduncles are 1-3 flowered white 3-3.5 cm

Fruits

succulent drupe black when ripe, rounded about 4mm in diameter

narrowly ellipsoid 2.5-3 cm long with five sharp, longitudinal angles or

wings

rounded, ovoid or obovoid 4-9 cm long green but yellowish when ripe and

contains many seeds embedded in aromatic pink edible pulp

Seeds

Medicinal Use bronchodilator expectorant

anti-helmintic counterirritant for body pain and muscle pain

antiseptic – applied to living tissue or skin

Parts Used leaves seeds leaves leaves

モラノキム 1

Pharmaceutical Chemistry 128 Experiment 1A: Diagnostic Plant Morphology and Anatomy

Plant Sambong Akapulko Tsaang Gubat Ulasimang Bato

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Common Name blumea camphor (English) dalapot lalakdan

ringworm bush (English) palochina bayabasin

kalimomog wild tea (English)

silver bush (English) shiny bush (English) clear weed (English)

Botanical Origin Blumea balsamifera (Linn.) DC(Fam. Asteraceae)

Cassia alata Linn.(Fam. Fabaceae)

Carmona retussa Vahl.(Fam. Boraginaceae)

Peperomia pellucida Linn.(Fam. Piperaceae)

Ontogenic Factors

common in open grasslands at low and medium altitudes

areas at low and medium altitudes thickets, secondary forests at low altitudes

Plan

t Des

crip

tion

Overall External Features

coarse, tall, erect, half-woody, strongly aromatic herb

densely and softly hairy 1.5 to 3 meters in height

coarse, erect, branched shrub 1.5 to 3 meters in height

4 to 10 meters in height very succulent erect branched herb 5 to 40 cm in height

Leaves

elliptic to oblong-lanceolate 7 to 20 cm long toothed at the margins pointed at the tip narrow to short petiole

pinnate 40 to 60 cm long leaflets

oblong 5 to 15 cm long broad and rounded at apex small point at tip

oblong-ovate, elliptic-ovate 8-18 cm long pointed tip, rounded base

ovate 1 to 3 cm pointed tip and heart-shaped base pale green pellucid and shining

Stems grows up to 2.5 cm in diameter 5 mm thick

round, woody, branching round and often 5 mm thick

Roots taproot system taproot system

Flowers

stalked yellow, numerous 6-7 mm long born on branches of a large terminal

spreading or pyramidal, leafy panicle

yellow simple or panicled raceme terminal and at the axils of the leaves 10 to 50 cm long

white, 5-parted terminal, axillary

terminal naked, spike inflorescence maturing gradually from the base to the

tip turns brown when ripe

Fruits

dark brown or black pod, straight there’s a wing which runs the length of the

pod contains 50 to 60 flattened triangular

seeds

ovoid, somewhat fleshy 5 mm

brownish somewhat spherical less than 1mm thick

Seeds 4-seed enclosed inside the fruit seeds enclosed inside the fruit

Medicinal Use diuretic anti-urolithiasis

anti-allergy for stomach and abdominal pain lowers uric acid

Parts Used leaves leaves leaves stem and leaves

モラノキム 2

Pharmaceutical Chemistry 128 Experiment 1A: Diagnostic Plant Morphology and Anatomy

Plant Bawang Ampalaya

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Common Name

garlic (English) nectar of the gods poor man’s treacle stinking rose

bitter gourd (English)

Botanical Origin Allium sativum(Linn. (Fam. Aliaceae)

Momordica charantia Linn.(Fam. Cucurbitaceae)

Ontogenic Factors

thickets, waste places

Plan

t Des

crip

tion

Overall External Features

low herbs 30 to 60 cm in height

climbing nearly or quite smooth vine

Leaves

linear flat

rounded 2.5 to 10 cm cut nearly to the base into 5 or 7 oblong-

ovate variously toothed of lobed heart-shaped vase

Stems reduced true stem bulb: broadly ovoid 2 to 4 cm diameter

tendrils for support

Roots root hairs are fleshy and fibrous

Flowers

umbels are globase, nearly always with bulbs and with many flowers

sepals are oblong, greenish white, tinged with purple

stamens are not exerted from perianth

yellow axillary and long peduncled male: peduncled with rounded bract at the

middle female: long-peduncled

Fruits oblong, cylindric pointed at both ends ribbed and wrinkled

Seeds oblong, compressed

10 to 13 mm long corrugated on the margins

Medicinal Use anti-hypercholesterolemia anti-diabetic (non-insulin dependent)

Parts Used stem (bulb) leaves

モラノキム 3