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2010/EPWG/SEM1/003

The Community Paradigm of Integrating Disaster Risk Governance into Disaster Recovery and

Rehabilitation in China

Submitted by: Beijing Normal University

Seminar on Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction into Disaster Recovery and

Rehabilitation Sichuan, China

27-29 September 2010

The Community Paradigm of Integrating Disaster Risk Governance into Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation in China—Consilience Between Disaster Risk Reduction and New Development 

Peijun ShiState Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,

Key Laboratory of Enviroment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, MoCA &MoE

Beijing Normal University

Seminar on Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction into Disaster Recovery and RehabilitationAPEC and The Ministry of Civil Affairs, P.R. China September 27-29, 2010 ,Chengdu,China

1. One Idea –Consilience Between Disaster Risk Reduction andNew Development

2.    One Example –Greensburg  Rebuilding ,  KS, USA

3. One Paradigm – The Community Paradigm of Integrated Disaster Risk Governance in China

OUTLINE

One Idea–Consilience Between Disaster   RiskReduction and   New Development

A Chinese Way of Thinking for Dealing with Disaster  Risk Reduction

• 天地人和(Nature, Living environment and People)– Better understanding the relationship among three components in the Earth’s system（Nature, Living environment and People), their interaction and processes.

• 天人合一(Harmony between nature and people)– Changes both in Nature and human society (People) must be coordinated with each other in spatial‐temporal scale and magnitude. 

– Emphasis of speed of development

Consilience Between Disaster Risk Reduction and New Development

Consilience

Cooperation

Coordinaton

融会贯通(Integration and Consilience)

New Development

Disaster Recovery

Disaster Rehabilitation

Construction

One Example –Greensburg  Rebuilding after Kansas Tornado May 4,2007, USA

Tornado May 4,2007, USA  Greensburg  Kansas

• The highest rating on the Enhanced Fugita Scale of over 300 m.p.h. winds exhibited to the world. The width was distinguishable of 1.7 miles wide. A twenty minute forewarning of the whistle’s piercing blow. 

• Fifteen hundred Greensburg residents are misplaced by an EF‐5 tornado. The fortitude plunging to shut the electric and gas utilities off immediately. The inner voice speaks to each of us to head for shelter now. 

• Out of 1,300 homes,961 were destroyed; 105 with major, 67 with minor and 11 with slight damage. 12 persons lost their lives.

• We are survivors  . We are the 21st century pioneers. Through  the blood, sweat  and  tears,  we  will  forge  forward  to  regroup  our  roots. We  are rebuilding  a new Greensburg.

Greensburg Rebuilding…Mayor Dixson

Greensburgks.org

New Water Tower

New LED Streetlights

New All LED Streetlights

1st City in the U.S. to have all LED Streetlights

Kiowa County Memorial HospitalGrand Opening March 2010

and to achieve LEED Platinum Certification

Dillons Store Grand Opening February 11, 2009

BTI-Greensburg John Deere Dealership

LEED Platinum Certified

Arts Center

1st LEED Platinum Building in Kansas

City of Greensburg Sun Chips Business Incubator1st LEED Platinum Building Municipal Building in Kansas

1st LEED Platinum Residential Facility in

Kansas

Prairie Point Townhomes

New Homes

Blessed with a unique opportunity To create a strong communityDevoted to family, Fostering business, working together for future generations.

3. One Paradigm– The Community Paradigm of Integrated Disaster Risk Governance in China

WHO International Safe Community

Definition: A  “Safe  Community” can  be  a  Municipality;  a County;  a  City  or  a  District  of  a  City  working  with  safety promotion,  Injury‐,  Violence‐ and  Suicide‐ prevention  and prevention of  the  consequences  (human  injuries)  related  to Natural Disaster,  covering  all  age  groups,  gender  and  areas and  is  a  part  of  an  international  network  of  accredited programmes.

Indicators for International Safe Communities

1. An infrastructure based on partnership and collaborations, governed by a cross‐sectional group that is responsible for safety promotion in their community; 

2. Long‐term, sustainable programs covering both genders and all ages, environments, and situations; 

3. Programs that target high‐risk groups and environments, and programs that promote safety for vulnerable groups; 

4. Programs that document the frequency and causes of injuries; 5. Evaluation measures to assess their programs, processes and the effects of 

change; 6. Ongoing participation in national and international Safe Communities networks.

Safe Community Youth Park Community• Economy: China

Number of inhabitants: 20,760 (2005) Programme started year:2002International Safe Communities Network Membership: Designation year:2006

• The programme covers the following safety promotion activities:For the age group 

• Children 0‐14 years: • “Dang. Dang” Promotion Station for the youngsters• The survey carried out by the Youth Park Safe Promotion Committee at the end of 2004 

found that many school children’s parents had the long‐standing wrong idea of education, that is, the more you urge children to study hard, the more successful they will be. Aiming at this issue, the committee established “Dang. Dang” Promotion Station focusing on education promotion for youngsters on May 10, 2005. 

• Before the summer vacation, a series of safety education activities have been carried out in the primary and middle schools in the community to reduce accident and injury which used to occur in summer vacation. Exhibition was held in three schools alternatively and each student was distributed a Safety Knowledge Handbook, covering public safety, fire safety, traffic safety and so on.

Safe Community Youth Park Community• economy: China

Number of inhabitants: 20,760 (2005) Programme started year:2002International Safe Communities Network Membership: Designation year:2006

• The programme covers the following safety promotion activities: • For the age group • At the following environments:

Home: Home SafetyTraffic: Traffic safetyOccupational: Safe Production School: School safety. Violence prevention: Community Police Suicide prevention: Psychological consultation servicePrograms aiming at “High risk‐groups”:Programs for the disabled people

NDRCC  Model Community of Integrated Disaster Reduction

Definition: A  “model    community” can  be  a  community working  with  integrated  disaster  reduction  covering  all actions  in  disaster  governance  and  is  a  part  of  an  national network of accredited programmes by the office of NDRCC 

Numbers: 784(End of 2009)

Consilience Between Disaster Risk Reduction and Development

Sustainability

Circular Economy

Saving Resources

EnvironmentFriendship

Risk Governance

Green Economy

Disaster System (DS)

DS=E∩H∩S DS=E∩H∩S 

• Environments (E)• Hazards (H)• Socio-economic system (S)

• Environments (E)• Hazards (H)• Socio-economic system (S)

(P. Shi, 1991)

Discussion How do we assess multi-hazards risk and Disaster chains?

Multi-hazards risk --regional multi-layer risks overlay using GIS?Disaster chains risk--regional risk accumulate with “disaster tree”?

Earthquake disaster chain

Heavy Rain

Rock Collapse Landslides

Earthquake

Barrier lakesDebris Flow

Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster Chains

Government: Development and Disaster Reduction (Governance)Community: Safety Construction (Legislation)Institute: Risk Transformation (Mechanism)Family: Risk Awareness (Education)

Family

Com

munity

Institutes

Governm

entsLocal

RegionalGlobal

Place

Integration

Coordination

Cooperation

Construction

Communication

Stakeholders

Scales

Actions

Stakeholders Mode of Disaster Risk Reduction

Four Dimensional Paradigm of IRGSystem of systems for Multi-stakeholder, Multi-action, Multi-system and Multi-phase systems

Integration of Integrations for Cooperation , Coordination , Opimization and Integration modes in transition-in and transition-out of IRG

System forMulti-stakeholder,Multi-action, Multi-system andMulti-phase systems

Integration forCooperation ,Coordination ,Opimization andIntegration modes

Structural

Individual Household CommunityInstitute GovernmentBefore

During

After

Non-structural Multi-system (Optimization)

Multi-stakeholder (Cooperation)

Multi-action (Coordination)

Multi-phase (Integration) C1: Construction C2: Communication C3: Clarification

C1

C2

C3

Integrated risk governance and optimizing mode

--Consilience between Structure and Function Optimization

Consilience between top‐down and bottom‐up governmencein transition‐in and transition‐out of LSD risk China

With reference to the successful experiences of the developed economies in LSD risk transfer, while increasing the disaster protection level in high-risk areas, integrating catastrophe insurance with improving the “China’s national catastrophe governance paradigm”, will definitely increase the efficiency and benefit of resource utilization for catastrophe response and improve world’s capacity to governance to catastrophe.How do we transform from resillence economy and vulnerability community to resillence economy and community of LSD risk in China ? TimeChinese Western Developed Country

Time

Top‐down Model Nation‐wide Paradigm of  Integrated LSD Risk 

Governance in China

Chinese Paradigm for Integrated LSD Risk Governance (Top‐down model)

• The Chinese Government’s paradigm of “Nation‐wide integrated LSD risk governance” includes

bases: the political advantage of China’s socialist institution that can concentrate forces for a major event, construct temporary structures lawfully for emergency 

command, increasingly enhanced national strength, the excellent character of the Chinese nation and strong leadership of the central government

contents: the national system of integrated catastrophe risk governance composed of the core role of the central government, crucial role of the people’s army, 

assurance role of the powerful national strength, promoting role of the nationwide participation and cohering role of the media guidance

systems: the structural system of national integrated disaster risk governance composed of “safety protection, disaster rescue and relief, emergency management and risk transfer” and the functional system of national 

integrated disaster risk governance composed of “preparedness, emergency, recovery and reconstruction”

“Chinese Top‐down Paradigm”

Bottom‐up ModelThe Community Paradigm of  Integrated LSD Risk 

Governance in China

The Community Paradigm of  Integrated LSD Risk Governance in ChinaSustainability Development

(bottom‐up model)

DS (Sustainability Development )=E∩H∩SDS (Sustainability Development )=E∩H∩S

• Environments and Resources(E)• Hazards and Disasters (H)• Socio-economic system (S)

• Environments and Resources(E)• Hazards and Disasters (H)• Socio-economic system (S)

Consilience Between Disaster Risk Reduction and New Development (bottom-up model)

Chinese Paradigm for Integrated LSD Risk (bottom‐up model) 

• The Chinese Local Government’s paradigm of “integrated LSD risk governance” includes

bases: Based on the carrying capacity of local resources and environments ,social and economic development level

contents: the local system of integrated catastrophe risk governance composed of the improve resources utilization  efficience and environment quality, regroup 

industry structure and  replan land use pattern, resitrct entry and reinforce prevention capacity, join disaster insurance and build safety commmunities

and promote mutul‐rescue scheme and master self‐rescue skillssystems: the structural system of local integrated disaster risk governance 

composed of “safety protection, disaster rescue and relief, emergency management and risk transfer” and the functional system of local integrated disaster risk governance composed of “preparedness, emergency, recovery 

and reconstruction”

“Chinese bottom‐up Paradigm”

Thank you！

谢谢谢谢