ACIDS AND ALKALIS :PART 2

Neutralization It is a process where an acid reacts with an alkali to

produce salt and water. Acid + Alkali Salt + Water

Examples for neutralization reaction:

Example 1:Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide

sodium chloride + water

Example 2:Sulfuric acid + potassium hydroxide

Potassium sulfate + water

Example 3:Nitric acid +sodium hydroxide

sodium nitrate + water

Sodium hydrogen carbonate

It is a white solid which when dissolve in water it gives an alkali.

Also it can react with acid to produce salt and water in addition to carbon dioxide. Equation: Sodium hydrogen carbonate + hydrochloric acid

Sodium chloride + carbon dioxide + water

Uses of neutralization reactions:

Example 1: Insect stings

a-Bee sting (acid) + soap (alkali) b- Wasp sting (alkali)+ vinegar (acid)

Another example: Example 2:Curing indigestion Indigestion is the release of too much acid by the

stomach when it digests food.

Sodium bicarbonate is used in some tablets to cure indigestion as it makes alkaline solution in stomach.

One more example: Example 3:Baking a cake Baking powder contains both solid acid and sodium

bicarbonate.When it is mixed with flour and water to make a cake the acid and the alkali dissolve in water (neutralization) releasing carbon dioxide gas which add bubbles to the cake and gives it the light texture.

Another example; Example 4:A model of volcanoAdd baking soda to an empty plastic drinking waterand support it by building a mound od sand aroundso it looks like a conical volcano .Then add red dyeto half cup of vinegar, pour the vinegar in to thebottle you will see a red froth out of the bottle on the on the cone of sand which looks like lava flowing down a volcano .(power of neutralization)

Also : Example 5:Fighting fire

It has bottle of sulfuric acid and a solution of sodium bicarbonate when it turned upside down the acid mix with alkali releasing carbon dioxide with high pressure which pushes the water out of the extinguisher and onto the fire.

Last example: Example 6 : Improving crop growthAcidity in the soil affects the growth of crops.(makes them produce less food).Lime water (calcium hydroxide) is added to neutralize acidity in soil