CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CONFLICTS

The American Revolution

Do Now!

Do people have the right to protest against a government they feel is

oppressive?

Is rebellion legitimate in this case?Even if it is considered treason?

Spotlight Video

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Background of Colonial America

American colonies Controlled by Britain Jamestown

Established 1607 First British-American colony

Other Important Colonies 1620 – Plymouth, MA (the Pilgrims) 1630 – Massachusetts Bay Colony 1634 – Maryland 1636 – Providence, RI

Seven Years’ War

Global military conflict Between 1756 and 1763 Fought on several fronts

European American

Involving most of the great powers Affecting North and Central America Europe West African coast India Philippines

Conflict in the Americas “The French and Indian War

French and Indian War

Britain vs. France (1740s) Over American territory Ohio River Valley General George Washington

Led British troops against France Forced to surrender at Fort Necessity

Albany Conference Meeting with colonists and Iroquois Indians Accomplishments:

No alliance, Iroquois stay neutral Appoint supreme colonial army commander

Albany Plan of Union Proposed colonies unite to form a federal government Benjamin Franklin* Plan rejected

1759 – British Victory Reinforcements from Britain Defeat France in Quebec City, New France

Map of the Seven Years’ War

Salutary Neglect

Salutary Neglect (1607 – 1763) Undocumented, long-standing No strict enforcement of parliamentary law Keep American colonies obedient to Britain

Robert Walpole Prime Minister “If no restrictions were placed on the colonies, they would

flourish”Navigation Acts not enforced

Established under Oliver Cromwell & Charles II Colonists trade only with England, Scotland & Ireland

Which were also under Britain's control

Ended with the Seven Years’ War

British Oppression

Sugar Act (1764) Imported raw sugar and molasses New tax on silk, wine, coffee, indigo Seizure of goods without due process*

Currency Act (1764) Banned use of paper money in colonies Tended to lose value quickly

Quartering Act (1765) Goal – Make colonies pay for their own defense Colonists provide barracks for British troops

Stamp Act (1765) Tax on all printed materials Direct Tax – paid directly to Parliament

Declaratory Act (1766) Parliament only makes colonial law

Townsend Act (1767) Raise property taxes in colonies

Early Talk of Rebellion

“No Taxation without Representation!” Colonial slogan Unfair to pay, when they have no say

Sons of Liberty (1765) Organized meetings and protests Try to intimidate stamp distributers

Stamp Act Congress Declaration of Rights and Grievances Political representatives, not parliament, had the right

to tax Asked King George and parliament to revoke Stamp

Act

Boston Massacre

Boston Massacre March 5, 1770 British killed 5 colonial men

Spark rebellion in some British colonies Leads to American Revolutionary War

British increase in troops in Boston Led to tense situation Erupted into brawls between soldiers &

civilians Troops fired after being threatened by mob

Colonial Casualties 3 civilians were killed at the scene 11 injured 2 died after the incident

AMERICAN COLONISTS DEMAND FREEDOMTHE REVOLUTION BEGINS

The American Revolution

American Revolution Video

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The Revolution Begins

Gaspee Affair Smuggling issue (RI)

Gaspee = British ship Suspect trials in Britain

Committee of Correspondence Jefferson All colonies communicate about British

Boston Tea party Boston, MA Tea Act (May, 1773)

Tax on tea Help East India Trading Company

Tea Party (Dec, 1773) Colonists dump tea in to harbor Dressed as Native Americans

The Revolution Begins (2)

Coercive Acts (1774) Laws applied only to MA What it did:

Shut Boston Harbor (pay for tea) Government officials appointed, not elected Banned town meetings British soldier trials in Britain Expand Quartering Act

Became “Intolerable Acts”1st Continental Congress

September 5, 1774 Philadelphia, PA 55 delegates form 12 colonies Discuss revolution 2nd meeting May 1775

Loyalists Patriots

“Torries”Loyal to the King

(Britain)Who:

Government officials Anglican ministers Frontier farmers

Fought Patriot boycotts 20% of adults when the

war started

“Whigs”British = tyrantsWho:

Wide variety Farmers Merchants Artisans Lawyers

Strong in New England30-40 %of adults when

the war started

A Divided Colonial America

Lexington and Concord

April 1775 British to arrest rebellious colonists March to Concord 700 Troops Secret Plan

Colonist response Know about the secret Paul Revere

Sent to spread the alarm “The British are coming!”

Lexington and Concord Site of first battles “The shot heard around the world”

Map of the First battles

THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN AMERICA

The American Revolution

STOP

The Declaration of Independence

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