Slide 1

10-3 Slide 2 The Birth of the Republican Party Main Idea The issue of slavery dominated U.S. politics in the 1850s. Slide 3 Differences Between North and South North South Slide 4 North economy based on manufacturing and industrialization railroad construction very common urbanization (growth of cities) immigration from European countries was common Slide 5 South economy based on agriculture and slavery cotton was the major cash crop primarily a rural region of plantations and small farms lack of railroads and industry no significant European immigration to the South Slide 6 Slavery in the Territories Wilmot Proviso def. plan to ban slavery from expanding into lands won from Mexico during the Mexican War SIG sparked sectional conflict over slavery issue North vs. South California applied for statehood as a free state Gold Rush of 1849 led to an explosion in Californias population Upset Southerners demanded that slavery be allowed to expand West Slide 7 The Compromise of 1850 Background: Henry Clay (aka The Great Compromiser) - wanted to avoid conflict between North and South, developed a compromise California = free state New Mexico and Utah territories would use popular sovereignty to decide slavery issue Popular sovereignty def. the residents of a territory would vote for or against slavery Slide 8 The Compromise of 1850 New Mexico and Texas border dispute settled in favor of New Mexico, but Texas received debts paid by federal government Slave trade in Washington D.C. was abolished Very popular in the North, very controversial in the South New Fugitive Slave Law passed in order to return escaped slaves to plantations in the South Very popular in the South, very controversial in the North Slide 9 Chapter 10 - Section 2 Slide 10 Protest, Resistance, and Violence Main Idea Proslavery factions in the South and antislavery factions in the North disagreed over the treatment of fugitive slaves and the spread of slavery to the territories. This resulted in increased sectionalism between the regions. Slide 11 Fugitive Slaves and the Underground Railroad Fugitive Slave Law Underground Railroad Uncle Toms Cabin Harriet Tubman Slide 12 Fugitive Slave Law Northerners angered by the new Fugitive Slave Law - part of the Compromise of 1850 runaway slaves could NOT testify in court and no trial by jury Helping an escaped slave resulted in fines and jail time Slide 13 Underground Railroad def. secret network of abolitionists who would help fugitive slaves escape to the North and Canada Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman former slave and conductor on the underground railroad Harriet Tubman Made 19 trips and helped 300 people to freedom Nicknamed Moses of her people for her efforts Frederick Douglass Slide 14 Uncle Toms Cabin (1852) antislavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe Attacked the institution of slavery as evil, became a bestseller in the North SIG increased sectional tensions between North and South Slide 15 Tensions in Kansas Kansas-Nebraska Act Bleeding Kansas Bleeding Sumner Slide 16 Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Stephen Douglas plan to organize territories in the West Popular sovereignty - settlers in the territories would vote for or against slavery in both Kansas and Nebraska Repealed the Missouri Compromise Kansas and Nebraska were both north of the 36 30 parallel line (slavery had been banned North of that line) SIG sectional tensions exploded Northerners resented the idea that slavery could expand to lands where slavery had been banned led to the formation of the Republican Party Slide 17 Bleeding Kansas violence erupted as pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers rushed to Kansas and began fighting with each other Two rival governments were set up for the Kansas territory Pro-slavery capital = Lecompton Anti-slavery capital = Topeka Sack of Lawrence pro- slavery men burned and looted an anti-slavery town Pottawatomie Massacre John Brown (an abolitionist) murdered 5 slave owners with broad-swords in Kansas SIG Kansas erupted in its own civil war Slide 18 Bleeding Sumner Senator Charles Sumner (Massachusetts) was beaten with a cane by Preston Brooks (South Carolina) in the U.S. Senate SIG sectional tensions increased North defended Sumner, South cheered Brooks Slide 19 Activity On the map provided label Free States and Slave States as well as territories open to slavery. Make sure your map is colored!!! Slide 20 10-3 Slide 21 The Birth of the Republican Party Main Idea In the mid- 1850s, the issue of slavery and other factors split political parties and led to the birth of new ones, including the Republican Party. Slide 22 New Political Parties Emerge Whig Party Republican Party Know-Nothing Party Slide 23 New Political Parties Background: Whig Party collapsed by 1854 due to conflicts over slavery Slide 24 Know Nothing Party (American Party) established 1854 Members believed in nativism def. favoring of native-born Americans over immigrants anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic Slide 25 Republican Party established 1854 Opposed to the expansion of slavery into western territories Supported by many people in the North as a result of Bleeding Kansas Slide 26 10-4 Slide 27 Slavery and Secession Main Idea A series of controversial events heightened the sectional conflict that brought the nation to the brink of civil war. Slide 28 Slavery Dominates Politics President James Buchanan Dred Scott v. Sandford (aka Dred Scott Decision) Lincoln-Douglas Debates John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry Slide 29 James Buchanan President elected in 1856 Weak and indecisive at dealing with the slavery issue Typical of ineffective presidential leadership in the 1850s Slide 30 Dred Scott v. Sandford Dred Scott Decision (1857) Background: Dred Scott African American slave from Missouri who sued for his freedom because his master had moved him to the free state of Illinois Roger B. Taney (Chief Justice) - ruled that African Americans were not citizens Missouri Compromise line was unconstitutional because it violated property rights SIG sectionalism exploded decision hated by North and cheered by South Dred Scott Slide 31 Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of debates on slavery in the western territories as part of their senate race in 1858 SIG - Douglas won the senate race, but Lincoln became known throughout the North as a possible presidential candidate in 1860 Slide 32 John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry (1859) John Brown abolitionist who wanted to lead a slave revolt in the South Harpers Ferry federal armory and arsenal Browns goal was to capture weapons for slaves and lead revolt John Brown was captured and hanged for treason SIG sectionalism between North and South exploded In the South, John Brown was viewed as an evil murderer In the North, some people viewed Brown as a heroic martyr, others agreed with his views but thought that he was too radical in his actions Slide 33 Lincoln is Elected President Election of 1860 revealed sectionalism between the North and South Slide 34 Election of 1860 Candidates Abraham Lincoln (Republican) Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat) John C. Breckenridge (Southern Democrat) John Bell (Constitutional Union Party) Lincoln Douglass Debate Slide 35 Election of 1860 Lincoln won electoral college but only won 39% of popular vote He won all northern states He won no southern states SIG South was upset at Lincolns election led directly to secession crisis Lincoln Slide 36 Southern Secession Secession Crisis Confederate States of America Slide 37 Secession Crisis (1860-1861) South Carolina seceded from the Union as a result of Lincolns election Followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas Slide 38 Confederate States of America (CSA) Confederacy created by southern states that seceded from the Union Emphasized states rights Devoted to the protection of slavery Jefferson Davis = president of the CSA President Buchanan did nothing in response to the secession crisis = ineffective leader