1- xjhc yksx dkSu · 1-xjhc yksx dkSu \rjhdk % czsuLVkWfeaZx (Brain Storming) (fnekxh dljr) ♦...

$: 1- xjhc yksx dkSu · 1-xjhc yksx dkSu \rjhdk % czsuLVkWfeaZx (Brain Storming) (fnekxh dljr) ♦ xjhc dkSu gS \ lnL;ksa ls lek/kku vkus ds ckn uhps ds va'kksa dks tksM+dj iQSflyhVsVj$
1- xjhc yksx dkSu \rjhdk % czsuLVkWfeaZx (Brain Storming) (fnekxh dljr)

♦♦♦♦♦ xjhc dkSu gS \

lnL;ksa ls lek/kku vkus ds ckn uhps ds va'kksa dks tksM+dj iQSflyhVsVj cksyuk pkfg, A

1- etnwjh

2- ?kj ugha

3- [ksrh ugha

4- jgu&lgu ds Lrj fuEu

5- dtZnkj

6- ca/qvk etnwj

7- fodykax

8- fo/kok

9- cslgkjk

10- xqyxqfy;k

11- vf/kd larku okyk] dksbZ tehu ugha

12- HkjisV [kkuk ugha

13- Hkh[k ekax dj thou&clj djus okyk

♦♦♦♦♦ ds'k LVMh

y{eh nsoh ,d efgyk gS] mldk dksbZ ugha gS] oks dqN fnuksa ls Hkw[kh gS blfy, mudk 'kjhj dke

ugha dj jgk gS] og 40 lky esa gh cw<+h yxus yxh A mudh >ksiM+h /oLr gks x;h gS vkSj mlhesa lks jgh gSa] dqN fnuksa ls Hkw[ks jgus ds dkj.k oks dke djus esa vleFkZ gS \ uhan ls mBus ds cknoks pqYgs ds ikl x;h] ogka [kkus ds fy, dqN Hkh ugha gS] blfy, VwVs ?kM+s ls nks Xykl ikuh ihdjvius >ksiM+h ls ckgj vk;h] vkSjdqN dke ds ryk'k esa b/j&m/j dqN nsj HkVdus ds ckn Hkhmldks dksbZ dke ugha fey ik;k A muesa dke djus dh 'kfDr Hkh ugha gS] vkSj Hkh[k Hkh ekax djugha [kk ldrh gS A nksigj gksus ls lw;Z dh xehZ c<+ x;h blfy, mudk ikao tyus yxh mlhle; vius lius ls ckgj vk;h vkSj ikl ds iM+kslh us ,d iSdsV iQsadk vkSj iSdsV dks pqids lsns[kus ds fy, x;h ml iSdsV esa mlus [kjkc [kkuk ik;k] mUgksaus ;s lkspk dh eSa ;g [kkuk [kkÅa ;kugha \ ^^Hkw[k Lokn ugha igpkurk gS] uhan lq[k ugha igpkurk gS** blfy, mlus [kkus dks tYnh ls[kk yh] exj og [kkuk iwjk [kRe gksus ds igys gh oks mYVh&i[kkuk gksus yxk A MkDVj dks

ns[kkus ds fy, iSlk ugha jgus ds vHkko esa oks ej x;h A

Åij ds ds'k LVMh lnL;ksa dks lqukuss ds ckn uhps okys iz'uks dks iwNuk pkfg, A

1- y{eh nsoh ds ejus ds dkj.k D;k gS \

2- xjhch dk ifj.kke fdruk [kjkc jgrk gS \

3- xjhch ds dkj.k ls ejus okyks dks ge dqN dj ldrs gSa] D;k \

lnL;ksa ls tokc feyus ds ckn uhps fy[ks fcanqvksa dks tksM+dj fu"d"kZ fudkyuk gS %&

1- xjhch ,d [krjukd fLFkfr gS A ;g funksZ"k dh thou fcuk n;k ds ys ysrk gS A

2- ;g O;fDr ds vf/dkj vkSj LokHkheku dks u"V dj nsrk gS A

3- ;g funksZ"k O;fDr dks Hkh ltk nsrk gS A

4- ;g O;fDr dks xyr jkLrs ij tkus ds fy;s foo'k djrk gS A

5- ;g O;fDr ds varj laca/ksa dks u"V djrk gS A

fdlh nq'eu ds lkeus Hkh bl rjg dh ifjfLFkfr ugha vkuh pkfg, A vr% fdlh Hkh rjg ls ,d

mRizsjd (Facilitator) O;fDr dks ,slh xjhch ls ckgj vkus ds fy;s iQSflyhVsV djuk pkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ xjhch dk dkj.k

xjhch ds dkj.kksa ij ppkZ djus ls igys dqN lnL;ksa us lkWai vkSj lh<+h [ksy [ksyk dj ckdh lnL;ksa

dks bl [ksy dks è;ku ls ns[kus ds fy, dguk pkfg, A [ksy ds ckn iQSflfyVsVj dks lewg esa fuEu

iz'uksa dks iwNuk pkfg, A

lkai lh<+h

lkai lh<+h lkai lh<+h lkai lh<+h lkai lh<+h lkai lh<+h

lkai lh<+h1- vf'k{kk 1- lkyksa Hkj jkstxkj

2- tkudkjh ugha 2- vPNk iQSlyk

3- lkyksa Hkj dke ugha feyuk 3- f'kf{kr gksuk

4- chekjh 4- tkx:d gksuk

5- 'kjkc 5- lgh etnwjh feyuk

6- rEckdw 6- vk; dh 'krZ

7- iQkyrw dk;Z

8- vf/d larku

9- vf/d ½.k

10- vf/d C;kt

11- de etnwjh

12- jkstxkj dk vHkko

13- gquj dh deh

14- va/fo'okl

1- dqN lnL; D;ksa mij p<+ ugha ld jgsa gS\ mldk D;k dkj.k gSa\ blds fy;s dkSu

ftEesnkj gSa\

2- fdu dkj.kksa ls dqN lnL; mij p<+ ik jgs gSa

3- fdu O;fDrxr dkj.kksa ls os xjhch ls ckgj ugha vk ik jgs gSa

4- fdu lkekftd dkj.kksa ls os xjhch ls ckgj ugha vk ik jgs g

♦♦♦♦♦ O;fDrxr dkj.k - lkekftd dkj.k

O;fDrxr dkj.k lkekftd dkj.k

1 tehu ugha 1 xjhc yksxksa jktuSfrd esa Hkkxhnkjh ugha feyrk2 vf'kf{kr gksuk 2 ,drk ugha3 gquj ugha gksuk 3 flapkbZ dk lk/u ugha4 ljdkjh jkstxkj tkudkjh ugha 4 ljdkj dh ;kstuk muds ikl igaqpk ugha feyk5 vkenuh de dtZ T;knk 5 vf/kd ewY;6 xanxh 6 HksnHkko7 lalk/ku vPNh rjg ds mi;ksx ugha djuk 7 tkr&ikr8 vf/kd C;kt esa ½.kxzLr 8 vf/kd larku9 fuj{kj 9 fyax Hksn10 va/kfo'okl 10 xqLlk

11 nykyh esa Hkjkslk vkSj fo'okl gksuk 11 vkokxeu dk lk/ku ugha12 vf/kd ½.k dk cks> gksuk 12 lewg Hkh ugha13 u'kk[kksjh 13 etnwjh de feyuk14 'kjkc 14 o"kZ esa dke de feyuk

15 iwath dk vHkko16 ck<+ gksuk17 mRiknu oLrq esa de ewY; feyuk

♦♦♦♦♦ xjhch dk nq"pØ

(Vicious cycle)i¼fr] ds'k LVMh] cM+k lewg dh

ppkZ (iQSflyhVsVj pkVZ fn[kkdj uhps

okys ds'k LVMh dks lnL;ksa

dks lqukuk)

ds'k LVMhcks/ x;k CykWd ds 'ks[kokjk xkao esa

ujs'k pkS/kjh uke ds ,d xjhc fdlku

gS A mudh iRuh 'osrk nsoh ds ikap larku

gSa A mu ikap larkuksa esa pkj csfV;ka vkSj

,d csVk gS A mUgksaus vius csVs egs'k pkS/kjh dks ,d tehankj ds ikl etnwjh ds fy;s j[kk x;k A mUgksaus

rhu ,dM+ tehu cspdj vius igys nks csfV;ksa dh 'kknh dh A vius 'ks"k nks ,dM+ tehu esa flapkbZ ds fy;s

dtZ ysdj cksfjax yxok;k] ysfdu cksfjax ls ikuh ugha feyk vkSj cksfjax djokuk liQy ugha gqvk

blfy;s viuk dtZ pqdkus ds fy;s cps nks ,dM+ tehu esa ls ,d ,dM+ cspdj mudk dtZ pqdk;k

A fiQj cps gq, ,d ,dM+ tehu Hkh viuh ds iRuh ds btky ds fy, cspuk iM+k A vc tehu [kksus ds

ckn muds ikl vkthfodk dk lk/ku [kRe gks x;k] blfy, ?kj pykus ds fy;s etnwjh djuk 'kq: fd;k]

mldh etnwjh ?kj pykus ds fy;s i;kZIr ugha Fkh] blfy;s og viuh iRuh dk Hkh bykt ugha djk ik;k

vkSj bykt dh deh ds dkj.k mudh iRuh Hkh ej x;h A csVksa dh 'kknh 'kdqUryk nsoh ls djds cgq ds

lkFk etnwjh ds fy;s fefJr ds ikl ca/qvk etnwj ds :i esa fxjoh ds iSls ls vkSj dqN :i;s lkgwdkj ls

dtZ ysdj vius nksuksa csfV;ksa dh 'kknh dh A dqN fnuksa ds ckn mldk csVk vkSj mldh cgw blh nkSjku muds

rhu cPps gq, A nqHkkZX;o'k egs'k pkS/kjh chekjh dh otg ls e`R;q gks x;h A bl rjg ifjokj esa vk; vftZr

djus okys egs'k dh e`R;q gksus ls muds cPps Hkh foo'krk ds dkj.k dke ij tkus yxs A 'kdqUryk nsoh Hkh

dqN etnwjh djds vius llqj vkSj cPpksa dk Hkj.k&iks"k.k djus yxh A

dsl LVMh lekIr djus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj dks fuEu iz'u iwNuk pkfg, &

1- egs'k pkS/jh dk ifjokj xjhch ds nq"pØ esa dSls iQalk \

2- xjhch dk nq”pdz dSls vius tky esa csVs vkSj iksrk rd iQSyk \

(mi;qZDr lokyksa ds mÙkjksa dk fo'ys"k.k djds xjhch ds nq"pØ ds pØ dks le>uk)

dtZnkjcPpksa dks fo|ky; ugha Hkstok dj cky etnwjh djokuketnwjh] fo/kok] vf'k{kk] cky etnwj cslgkjk

♦♦♦♦♦ xjhch fo"kpØ½.k ca/ku gksrs chekjh ds dkj.k dke ugha djrs] ½.kxzLr

xjhch fdls T;knk izHkkfor djrh gS \

xjhch dk izHkko

y?kq ukVd jksy Iys vkSj c`gr~ lewg ppkZ

1- ca/qvk etnwj

2- de etnwjh

3- efgykvksa esa

4- cPps esa

5- xqyxqfy;k

6- cslgkjk

7- vf/d larku okyk

8- vuqlwfpr tutkfr vkSj

vuqlwfpr tkfr

9- vdky iM+uk

♦♦♦♦♦ xjhch efgykvksa dks cgqr izHkkfor djrh gS A

iSQflysVj dks o'gr lewg esa xjhch fdls T;knk izHkkfor djrh gS bl laca/ esa ppkZ djus ds ckn

fuEu fyf[kr foUnwvksa dks fo'ys"k.k djuk pkfg,A

iQsflfyVsVj fp=k dks fn[kkdj lnL;ksa ls tkuuk pkfg, fd os D;k lh[ks blds ckn iQsflfyVsVj

O;k[;k djrk gS fd ,d xjhc efgyk xjhch ls fdruk izHkkfor gksrh gSA

1 dke dkt esa vkxs gS mudk egRo de gSaA

2 xjhch dk efgyk ij izHkko

3 mls viuh t:jr dh phtksa dks iwjh djus ds fy, Hkh gd ugh djrh gS

4 ml ij ckgjh ncko gksrk gS

5 ifjokj esa Hkh mls i;kZIr egRo ugh feyrk

6 larqfyr vkgkj ugha feyrk

7 jktuhfrd {ks= esa efgyk dh dq'kyrk dks nck fn;k tkrk gS

8 ifjokj rFkk lekt esa fu.kZ; ysus dh izfdz;k esa efgyk dks dksbZ vf/dkj ,oa Hkwfedk ughs

gS A

9 og Hkwfeghu gksrh gS vius uke ij dksbZ tehu ugh gksrk

10 thfodksitZu ds volj de gS ;fn volj izkIr Hkh gks rks etnwjh de feyrk

11 larqfyr vkgkj vf'k{kk dk;Z dq’kyrk de gksrk ftlls os 'kkfjjhd :Ik ls etcwr ugha gksrh

12 efgyk vkss dks lHkh n`f"Vdks.k ls fuEu gs; n`f"V ls ns[kk tkrk gS

13 lkekftd lqj{kk ds n`f"Vdks.k ls Hkh og ckgj nwljh txgksa esa ugh tk ldrh gS A

14 xHkZ/kj.k ds laca/ esa mls mls dksbZ vf/dkj ugh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ xjhch nwj djus ds jkLrs

y?kw lewg ppkZ

isQflfyVsVj xjhch ds nyny esa Mwcus okys egs'k pkS/jh ds fp=k ij lnL;ksa dks fn[kuk pkfg,A bl

fp=k esa egs'k pkS/kjh ds gkFk vkSj ikWao& nqow;Zlu] vdq'kyrk] vU/ fo'okl] O;fDrxr laa?k"kZ ls

lHkh ca/uksa ls og Mwc jgk gSaA iz'u dks iwNuk pkfg,A xjhch ds nyny esa Mwcus

Ikz'u 1 D;k egs'k pkS/kjh bl ny ny ls ckgj vk ldrk gS\

2 egs'k pkS/jh dks bl nyny ls ckgj vkus ds fy, D;k djuk pkfg, \

lnL;ksa ls tokc feyus ds ckn uhps okys fp=kokys dks fn[kk dj uhps okys foUnqvksa dks fo'yss"k.k

@ fooj.k djuk gSA

blds ckn isQflfyVsVj dks uhps okys pkVZ dks fn[kkuk pkfg,A

iz'u% ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dks ysus ds ckotwn egs'k pkS/jh D;ksa xjhc gks jgk gS\

lnL;ksa ls lek/kku vkus ds ckn uhps va'kksa dks tksM+dj fu"d"kZ fudkyuk gSA

1 vkRefo'okl dh deh

2 og ugha tkurk fd D;k djuk gSA

3 mudks nwjn`f"V ugha gSaA

blds ckn isQflfyVsVj uhps okys pkVZ dks fn[kkdj egs'k pkS/jh ds O;fDrxr xyfr;ksa dks lq/kj

dj xjhc ls dSls ckgj vk ldk gS jkLrksa dk fo'kys"k.k djds le>kuk pkfg,A

xjhch gVkus dk mik;1- tkx:drk

2- lh[kuk

3- tkudkjh gksuk

4- gquj gksuk

5- Qkyrw [kpZ de djuk

6- f'kf{kr gksuk

7- va/fo'okl nwj djuk

8- ljdkjh ;kstuk ds ckjs esa tkudkjh

9- y{;] mn~ns'; ds izfr ladYi gksuk

10- ljdkjh ;kstuk dk lgh mi;ksx djuk

11- jkstxkj dk volj miyC/ djuk

12- vkRefuHkZj gksuk

13- vkfFkZd lgk;rk djuk vanj vkSj ckgj

14- dke dqN djuk

iQSflyhVsVj lnL;ksa ls ;g O;k[;k djrk gS] vdsys xjhch ls ckgj ugha vk ldrk] exj lewg ls

tqM+dj xjhch ls ckgj vk ldrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ jksy Iys

funsZ'k %bl jksy Iys esa U;wure 7 lnL;ksa dk gksuk t:jh gSA

bu esa ls 6 lnL;ksa dks 2&2 dk tksM+k cukuk gSaA

bu tksM+ksa dks vius&vius dk;ksZ dks djuk gSA

buds chp esa ,d Hkwr vkrk gS isQflfyVsVj bl Hkwr dks Hak;dj fn[kus okyk cukuk pkfg,A

bl Hkwr ds eWqg ls fudyus okys gok ls dke djus okys tksM+s csgks'k gks jgs gSa vkSj dqN

le; ds ckn gks'k esa vk jgs gSa vkSj fiQj ls vius&vius dke dj jgs gSaA

blh rjg lnL;ksa dks Hkwr }kjk gok ls ckj&ckj csgks'k gksus ls os dqN le> ugha ik jgs gS

O;fDr dks xjhch ls ckgj vkus ds fy, lk{kjrk]tkx:drk] vkSj le>nkjh ds vykos

vukisf{kr [kpZ now;Zlu vkSj vU/fo'okl ls ckgj vkuk pkfg,A

O;fDr dks xjhch ls ckgj vkus

blds ckn lHkh lnL;ksa us lksp fopkj dj ,d lkFk feydj gkFk esa gkFk idM+ dj Hkwr dks Hkxk

fn;kA

isQflfyVsVj }kjk bl jksy ds ckn lnL;ksa ls uhps okys iz'u dks iwNuk pkfg, %

Ikz'u% 1 [ksr esa dke djus okys O;fDr;ksa dks Hkwr ns[kus ls D;k gqvk\

2 muyksxksa us feydj Hkwr dks dSls Hkxk fn;k \

isQflfyVsVj % lnL;ksa ls lek/ku ysus ds ckn uhps okys va'kksa @ fcUnwvks dks xjhch nwj djus ds

O;fDr dks loky iwNus dk vf/kdkj@gd T;knk gksuk pkfg,A

vutku fo”k;ksa dks tkuukA

fy, lc fey twy dj dke djus dh vko’;drk dks crkuk pkfg,A O;fDr dks viuh

eksy&rksy 'kfDr dks c<+kuk pkfg, A

fuos'k dk izcU/ djuk pkfg,

dq'kyrk dks c<+kuk pkfg,A

Ikz'u % ,drk ls dke djus ls dSls ifj.kke vk ldrs gSA

iSQflfyVsVj dks lnL;ksa ls lek/kku vkus ds ckn lewg dks gh mudh leL;kvksa dks lek&

/kku djus dks ekè;e jkLrk crkuk pkfg,A

♦♦♦♦♦ xjhch dk cPpkas ij izHkkojksy Iys y?kq ukVd

pkj lnL;ksa }kjk jksy Iys ds ek/;e ls cPpksa ij xjhch dk dk izHkko iM+rk gS mls fn[kk;k tkrk

gS A

lq>kko %bl jksy Iys esa ,d xjhc ifjokj gS ftlesa ifr iRuh ,d csVk vkSj ,d csVh gksrh gSA lqcg ess cSBk

vkSj csVh dks muds ekrk&firk txkrs gS vkSj nksuksa dks dke ij Hkstrs gS mls iznf’kr djuk gS csVk ,d

tehnkj ds /kj dke djus ds fy;s tkrk gs csVh /kj esa jgdj /jdk dke rFkk viuh NksVh cgu dk

ns[k&js[k djrh gs bls fn[kkuk gSA

jksy Iys ds ckn iQsflfyVsVj lnL;ksa ls tkuuk pkgrk gS fd mUgsa D;k lh[k feyk mlds ckn lnL;ksa

ls fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwNrs gS mi;qZDr lokyksa dk mrj feyus ds ckn lewg lnL;ksa ds lkFk ppkzZ ds

}kjk] lekt ds fupys rcds ,oa vkSjrksa ,oa cPpksa ij xjhch dk dSlk izHkko iM+rk gS bl ij ppkZ

djuk A

1- ca/qvk etnwj

2- ckyetnwj

3- fuj{kjrk

♦♦♦♦♦ xjhch & lewg ls lek/kku

I L M- DEMONSTRATION

,d cSywu esa gok Hkjdj rS;kj j[kuk pkfg, A

cSywu dks pkj /kxksa esa cka/uk pkfg, A

gjsd /kxk dks xjhch dh dkj.k crkuk pkfg, A

1- tehu ugha

2- vf'kf{kr gksuk

3- gquj ugha gksuk

4- ljdkjh jkstxkj dh tkudkjh

ugha

5- vkenuh de dtZ T;knk

iQSflyhVsVj pkj efgykvksa ds lnL;ksa dks cqykdj /kxk dks dVok fn;k A

vkfFkZd

lkekftd

xjhch i;kZoj.k

jktuhfrd

fuj{kjrk LokLF;

1 xjhc dkSu gS \

2 xjhc ds izHkko \

3 xjhch ds dkj.k \

4 xjhch ds lkekftd dkj.k D;k gS\

5 xjhch ls ckgj vkus ds D;k jkLrs gSa \

ifj.kke& lnL;ksa dkss xjhch ds dkj.k vkSj xjhch ls ckgj vkus ds jkLrs dh tkudkjh gksrh gSA

Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dh vo/kj.kk] lajpuk ,oa fo'ks"krk,a

mn~ns'; Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ds lnL; lewg ds fopkj] vFkZ] egRo ,oa bldh fo'ks"krkvksa dks le>

lds@rFkk os lewg ds y{;ksa ,oa mn~ns';ksa dks fu/kZfjr dj ldsaxs A

le;& pkj ?kaVsmifo"k;1- Lo;a lgk;rk lewg

2- Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk egRo

3- lewg dh ifjHkk”kk

4- xkao ds vU; lewg ,oa mlds y{k.k

5- Lo&lgk;rk dh ifjHkk”kk

6- lewg dh lajpuk

7- lewg fdldk gks&lewg dk vkdkj&lewg ds xq.k&lewg efgyk dk gh D;ksa\

8- lnL;rk ds fy, 'krsZa

9- lewg ds dk;Z

10- lewg esa cpr dk egRo

11- y{;ksa dk fu/kkZj.k

izf'k{k.k lkexzhlykbZ dk fMCck] /kxk] nks rjg ds cht] lkai vkSj lh<+h okyk pkVZ] nks crZu] pkVZ isij A

♦♦♦♦♦ Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk egRoizf'k{k.k dk rjhdk& ekfpl dk frYyh okyk xse] dgkuh] cM+s lewg ifjppkZ A

iQSflyhVsVj dks igys lnL;ksa ls mÙkj ikus dh dksf'k'k djuh pkfg, iqu% uhps fy[ks [ksy dks

[ksyokuk pkfg, A lkFk gh izf'k{k.kkfFkZ;ksa dks ;g lykg nsuk pkfg, fd [ksy dks ckjhdh ls ns[ksa

vkSj le>sa A

[ksy gsrq funsZ'k&

dgkuh& iapra=k (flag vkSj cSy okyh dgkuh)

jktxhj ds taxyksa esa ,d flag jgrk Fkk A cxy ds xkao ls cSyksa dk ,d >waM izfrfnu

pjus ds fy, taxy tk;k djrk Fkk A izfrfnu flag ,d&,d cSy dks ekj dj [kk tkrk Fkk Avar esa lkjs cSyksa us feydj ,d ;kstuk cuk;h fd viuh j{kk djus ds fy, ge ,d lkFk taxytk,axs A ml fnu ds ckn lkjs cSy ,d lkFk taxy x, vkSj feydj flag ls yM+us yxs A varr%flag gkj x;k vkSj Mj dj taxy ls Hkkx x;k A vc lkjs cSy fcuk fdlh Hk; ds taxy tkusyxs vkSj vkjke ls pjus yxs Abl dgkuh ds ckn izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls fuEufyf[kr loky iwNuk pkfg, A1- cSyksa esa ,drk dSlh vk;h A2- vxj cSyksa esa ,drk ugha vkrh rks D;k gksrk AlnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj vkus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj dks fuEufyf[kr O;k[;k djuh pkfg, A

xjhc lnL; xjhch ds [krjs ls fliQZ ,drk vkSj lkewfgd iz;kl ds cy ij gh ckgj vkldrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ Lo;a lgk;rk lewg&ifjHkk"kkizf'k{k.k rjhdk& xkuk] cM+s lewg ifjppkZ] pkVZliQSflyhVsVj dks izf’k{k.kkfFkZ;ksa dks fofHkUu rjg ds lewg pkVZ fn[kkus pkfg, A

igyk dne& ekfpl dh frYyh dks ,d&,d djds vyx&vyx lnL;ksa ds chp ckaV nsa vkSjmUgsa rksM+us ds fy, dgas A lnL; ekfpl dh frYyh dks vklkuh ls rksM+ nsaxs Anwljk dne& QSflyhVsVj dks izf'k{k.kfFkZ;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d rst&rjkjZ lnL; dks /kxs ls ,dlkFk ca/ks gq, lykbZ dh frfYy;ksa dks nsa vkSj mls rksM+us ds fy, dgsa A ijf.kke D;k gksxk fdog lnL; mls ,d ckj esa ugha rksM+ ik;sxh D;ksafd ,d lkFk gksus ds dkj.k mlesa etcwrh vkx;h AmijksDr nksuksa dne ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj dks lnL;ksa ls mlds fopkj tkuus pkfg, vkSj fuEukafdriz'uksa dks iwNuk pkfg,&iz'u&1- igyh ckj esa lnL;ksa us ekfpl dh frYyh dks vklkuh ls D;ksa rksM+ fn;k\2- rst ,oa rjkjZ lnL; ca/ks gq, frfYy;ksa dks D;ksa ugha rksM+ ldh\izf'k{k.kkfFkZ;ksa ls visf{kr mÙj ikus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj dks bl [ksy ds eq[; lh[k dksLi"V djus pkfg, vkSj ;g le>kuk pkfg, fd vdsyh efgyk xjhch ls ckgj ugha fudyldrh gS A ;fn 10&15 efgyk,a ,d lkFk tqM+dj lewg cuk ysrh gS rks lnL;ksa dh ,drk]rkdr c<+sxh vkSj bl rjg os yksx Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ds ek/;e ls xjhch ls ckgj vkldrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ xjhch & lewg ls lek/kku

fof/ % % % % % I L M- DEMONSTRATION

,d cSywu esa gok Hkjdj rS;kj j[kuk pkfg, A

cSywu dks pkj /kkxksa esa cka/kuk pkfg, A

gjsd /kkxk dks xjhch dh dkj.k crkuk pkfg, A

1- tehu ugha

2- vf’kf{kr gksuk

3- gquj ugha gksuk

4- ljdkjh jkstxkj dh tkudkjh ugha

5- vkenuh de dtZ T;knk

iQSflyhVsVj pkj efgykvksa ds lnL;ksa dks cqykdj /kxk dks dkVok n;k A (41)

vkfFkZd

lkekftd

xjhch i;kZoj.k

jktuhfrd

fuj{kjrk

LokLF;

blds ckn pkVZ ua0 13 fn[kkuk pkfg, A

Jfedksa ds lewg vkSj Lo;a

lgk;rk lewg esa varjpkVZ dks fn[kkus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj dks lnL;ksa esa fuEukafdr iz'uksa iwNuk pkfg,&1- nksuksa pkVZ esa vkius D;k ns[kk\2- D;k os yksx ,d nwljs dks eku ns jgs gSa\3- D;k muesa vkil esa HkkbZpkjs dh Hkkouk gS\4- D;k muesa ,d&nwljs dks enn djus dh Hkkouk gS\5- mijksDr nksuksa lewg esa fdls Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ekuk tk,xk\

xhrlnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj ikusds ckn iQSflyhVsVj dks Lo;algk;rk lewg vo/kkj.kkij ,d xkuk xkdj lqukukpkfg, A

Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk cSBd pkVZ

♦♦♦♦♦ HkhM+ ,oa Lo;a lgk;rk lewg esa varjizf'k{k.k dk rjhdk& ppkZ

iQSflyhVsVj dks lnL;ksa dks mijksDr nksuksa esa varj Li"V djus ds fy, le; nsuk pkfg, vkSjppkZ ds ckn mldks fuEu :i esa le>kuk pkfg, &

HkhM +(lewg) Lo;a lgk;rk lewg@lfefr

1- dksbZ mn~ns'; ,oa y{; ugha A 2- lnL; viuh ethZ ls vkrs vkSj tkrs gSa3- ;g vLFkkbZ gSa A 4- dksbZ fuf’pr fu;e] lnL; 'krZ ,oa

ftEesokjh ugha A5- ys[kkadu ugha A

1- ,d fuf'pr y{; ,oa mn~ns'; A2- y{; izkfIr ds fy, lHkh lnL; lkFk dke djrs gSa A3- ;g yacs le; ds fy, gS A4- ,d fuf'pr fu;e] lnL;rk 'krZ ,oa ftEesokjh Hkko A5- fu;fer ys[kkadu A

iQSflyhVsVj dks lnL;ksa ls ;g tkuus dk iz;kl djuk pkfg, fd ;gka ds xkaoksa esa igys ls ghfdl rjg ds lewg ;k lfefr dke dj jgs gSa\

1- f'k{kk lfefr2- tyNktu lfefr3- Jfed lfefr4- Ekkrk lfefr5- jktuhfrd lfefr

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg@lfefr& ifjHkk"kk

,d fuf'pr lnL;ksa dk ,d ,slk lewg tks fdlh [kkl mn~ns'; dh iwfrZ ds fy, cuk, tkrs

gSa vkSj bl mn~ns'; dh iwfrZ gsrq vkil esa ppkZ djrs gSa vkSj leL;kvksa dk lek/kku feydjdjrs gSa] mls lewg ;k lfefr dgk tkrk gS A

iQSflyhVsVj dks xkao esa ekStwn dqN LFkkuh; lfefr;ksa dk mnkgj.k nsuk pkfg, vkSj mldh

rqyuk lefr@Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ls djuh pkfg, ALo;a lgk;rk lewgLo;a lgk;rk lewg dh vko';drk&izf’k{k.k dk rjhdk&dsl LVMh] cM+k lewg ifjppkZ] pkVZl

iz'u ,oa mÙkjdsl LVMh%& (ist ua0&18)

,dy iz;kl (y{; ls cgqr) lkewfgd iz;kl (thr dk vklku jkLrk) ihNs

pkVZ fn[kkus ds ckn izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls ;g loky iwNuk pkfg, fd y{; dh izkfIr ds fy,D;k ,d vdsyk lnL; dkQh gSa ;k cgqr lkjs lnL;ksa ds }kjk y{; dks vklkuh ls vkSj le;ij izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS \Lo;a lgk;rk lewg (ifjokj ds fodkl dk vk/kj)izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls pkVZl esa fn[kk, x, mijksDr rhuksa fo"k;ksa ds ckjs esa fopkj tkuuk pkfg,vkSj Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ds ykHkksa ds O;k[;k blizdkj djuh pkfg, A1- lkewfgdrk esa c`f¼)2- rkdr esa c`f¼)3- tkx:drk esa c`f¼)4- lqj{kk esa c`f¼)5- bPNk 'kfDr esa c`f¼)6- lalk/kuksa rd igaqp vkSj mi;ksx {kerk esa

cf¼)7- ljdkjh laLFkkvksa ,oa vU; nwljs laLFkkvksa ls lg&laca/ esa c`f¼)

8- xkao dh cqfu;knh lqfo/kvksa rd igaqp9- lkekftd vkfFkZd fodkl

Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dh fo'ks"krk,a

izf'k{k.k dk rjhdk& jksy&Iys] cM+s lewg ifjppkZ A

jksy&Iysjksy Iys ds fy, t:jh phtsa&12 lnL;] ,d cqd dhij] ,d Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ds lkjs[kkrk&cgh Ajksy&Iys gsrq funsZ'k&1- 12 lnL;ksa esa ls ,d v/;{k] ,d lfpo vkSj ,d dks”kk/;{k dk pquko gks tkuk

pkfg, A2- rhuksa inkf/kdkjh ckdh lkjs lnL;ksa dks lkewfgd ifjppkZ esa iztkrkaf=d rjhds ls Hkkx

ysus ds fy, izksRlkfgr djrh gS A3- ,d nwljs ls vknj ls ckr djrh gS A4- lHkh lnL; ,d&,d dj ckr djrh gS vkSj tc ,d lnL; cksyrh gS rks ckdh lkjs

lnL; mls /;kuiwoZd lqurh gS A5- lkjs lnL; xksykdkj voLFkk esa ,d&nwljs dh vksj eqag fd, cSBs gSa vkSj cSBd dj jgs

gSa Ajksy&Iys dh izfdz;k& lkjs lnL; xksykdkj voLFkk esa cSBrs gSa] izkFkZuk djrs gSa A mifLFkfryh tkrh gS vkSj lHkh lnL; viuk&viuk ifjp; nsrs gSa A lewg dh v/;{k lkjs lnL;ksa dkcSBd ds fy, Lokxr djrh gS A vkSj lnL;ksa ls ml fnu ds cSBd ds fy, v/;{k pquus dk

lykg nsrh gS A ,d lnL; v/;{k pqu yh tkrh gS] iqu% lewg dh v/;{k fiNys cSBd dhleh{kk djrh gS vkSj ml izLrko ds lanHkZ esa tks dk;Zokgh dh x;h mldk ewY;kadu djrh gSA cSBd dh rkRdkfyd v/;{k cpr tek djokrh gS A dtZ okilh djrh gS A nks"kh lnL;ksals naM ysrh gS] iqu% dqN lnL; dtZ dh ekax djrh gS vkSj ppkZ ds mijkar izkFkfedrk dsvk/kj ij dtZ Lohd`r gks tkrk gS A lnL; fu;eksa dh ppkZ djrs gSa A ys[kkadu ds egRo dhppkZ djrh gS vkSj cpr vkSj ½.k izca/ ij ppkZ djrh gS A lkFk gh ljdkjh ;kstukvksa vkilh,drk vkSj nwljs egRoiw.kZ fcUnqvksa ij ppkZ djrh gS A cqd dhij lkjh dk;Zokgh dks cSBd cghesa fy[krh gS vkSj lkjs ysu&nus dks lacaf/r cgh esa fy[krh gS A jksy&Iys ds ckn izf'k{kd dkslnL;ksa ls mij of.kZr jksy&Iys ds lanHkZ esa fuEukafdr loky iwNuk pkfg, A

iz'u%1- D;k lewg dh cSBd esa lkjh lnL;ksa us Hkkx fy;k\2- D;k lewg esa lHkh lnL;ksa dks lewg ds lkjs ysu&nsu dh tkudkjh gS\3- D;k lewg esa ikjnf'kZrk gS\4- D;k v/;{k] cqd dhij vkSj nwljs lnL; viuh ftEesokjh lgh ls fuHkk jgs gSa\

izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls mijksDr lkjs iz'uksa ds mÙkj tkuus ds ckn Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dsfo'ks"krkvksa dh O;k[;k fuEu rjg ls djuh pkfg, A

Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dh fo'ks"krk,a&

1- 10 ls 15 xjhc ;k xjhcksa esa xjhc efgyk,a feydj ,d lewg cuk ldrh gSa A2- cSBd ikap fl¼karksa ds vk/kj ij fd, tkus pkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ lkIrkfgd cSBd

♦♦♦♦♦ lkIrkfgd cpr

♦♦♦♦♦ cSBd esa vkarfjd ysu&nsu

♦♦♦♦♦ ½.k dh le; ij okilh

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg ds [kkrk&cgh dk mfpr ys[kkadu3- fliQZ cSBd ds nkSjk lewg ds lkjs foÙkh; ysu&nsus gksus pkfg, A4- izR;sd o”kZ u, inkf/dkfj;ksa dk pquko gksuk pkfg, A5- lewg ds fu;ekuqlkj lnL;ksa dks dtZ dh fd'r fu;fer :i ls djuk pkfg, A6- Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dks viuk ekfld izfrosnu rS;kj djuk pkfg, vkSj bls vius

izfrfuf/ ds ek/;e ls dh cSBd esa izLrqr djuk pkfg, A7- izR;sd rhu ekg esa lewg dk vkarfjd vads{k.k ,oa ,d lky esa okg~; vads{k.k gksuk

pkfg, A

8- Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ds lnL;ksa esa ikjnf'kZrk] lg;ksx] lgHkkfxrk vkfn dk Hkko gksuk pkfg, A

Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk ifjHkk"kk&Lo;a lgk;rk lewg xjhc ;k xjhcksa esa xjhc efgykvksa dk ,d ,slk vukSipkfjd laxBu gSftlesa leku lekftd&vkfFkZd Lrj dh efgyk,a ,d fuf'pr mn~ns'; dh iwfrZ gsrq ,d&nwljsdk lgk;rk djus ds fy, rS;kj jgrh gS ALo&lgk;rk

jksy&Iys1- fdlku vkSj mldk csVk2- eNyh idM+uk

,d fdlku vius [ksrksa esa dke dj jgk Fkk mldk csVk Hkh ikl gh esa [ksy jgk Fkk A ogha ij ,dvke dk isM+ Fkk A fdlku dk csVk cksy ckiw&ckiw eq>s vke pkfg, A esjs fy, vke rksM+ nks uk Afdlku viuk dke NksM+dj vke ds isM+ ds djhc vkdj ,d MaMs dh lgk;rk ls vke rksM+djvius csVs dks fn;k vkSj fQj [ksrs esa tkdj dke djus yxk A FkksM+h nsj ckn fQj mldk csVk vke [kkusdh ftn~nh djus yxk A fdlku vke ds isM+ ls ,d vke rksM+ dj fQj fn;k vkSj dke djus yxkmldk yM+dk ckj&ckj vke [kkus ds ckn vke dh ekax djrk A fdlku ds dke esa :dkoV vkrhfdlku us lkspk fd D;ksa os vius yM+ds dks vke rksM+uk gh lh[kk nwa A vke rksM+uk lh[kk fn;k vkSjfdlku vkjke ls vius [ksr esa dke djus yxk A

izf'k{kd dks uhps fn, x, fp=k dks fn[kkuk pkfg, A

nwljs ij fuHkZj jguk Lo&lgk;rk izxfr dk ekxZ gS A

blds ckn izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa dks eNyh idM+us okys fo”k; dks Li"V djuk pkfg, A

iqu% izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls Lo&lgk;rk vkSj mijksDr jksy&Iys vkSj pkVZl fp=k ls feyh lh[kds ckjs esa muds fopkj tkurs gq, fuEu rjg ls Lo&lgk;rk dh ifjHkk”kk nsuh pkfg, Anwljs ij fuHkZj gksus ds ctk; viuk dke Lora= vkSj vius ls gh djuk Lo&lgk;rk dgykrkgS A

Lo&lgk;rk ds xq.k&1- nwljs ij fuHkZjrk dks de djuk A2- viuh leL;k dk lek/ku Lo;a djuk A3- vkRe fo'okl dk c<+kuk A4- lekt esa vknj vkSj igpku feyuk A5- etnwjh ,oa volj dk c<+uk A6- Kku] {kerk vkSj tkudkjh esa c`fn gksuk A

Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ds y{;&rjhdk& [ksy] cM+s lewy ifjppkZizf’k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls fuEufyf[kr [ksy [ksyokuk pkfg, A[ksy dk uke& ckt vkSj eqxhZ ds cPps dk [ksy lkjs lnL; ,d&nwljs dk gkFk idM+djxksykdkj voLFkk esa /hjs&/hjs nksM+rs gSa A& ,d lnL; ml pdz ls ckgj gSa tks ckt dh Hkwfedk esa gS vkSj ,d lnL; pdz ds vanj gStks eqxhZ ds cPps ds :i esa gS A& ckt dh eqxhZ ds cPps dks idM+us dh Hkjiwj iz;Ru djrk gS tcfd lHkh lnL; eqxhZ ds cPpsdk j{kk djrk gS A[ksy [kRe gksus ds ckn izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwNuk pkfg,&iz'u&1- eqxhZ ds cPps dh j{kk lewg ds lnL; fdl izdkj dj ik;s \2- ckt eqxhZ ds cPps dks D;ksa ugha idM+ ldk\3- vxj lnL; eqxhZ ds cPps dh j{kk ugha djrs rks D;k \4- D;k bl [ksy dk Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ls dksbZ laca/ gS \

lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj tkuus ds ckn izf’k{kd dks vius fopkj tksM+rs gq, fuEu :i lsle>kuk pkfg, A& Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ds lnL;ksa dks ,d nwljs dh j{kk djuh pkfg,] lg;ksx djuh pkfg, vkSjmuds lkekftd&vkfFkZd vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus esa enn djuh pkfg, A& lkFk gh mUgsa viuh xjhch dks nwj djus gsrq lalk/kuksa dk mi;ksx] ljdkjh ;kstukvksa vkSj cSadrd igaqp rFkk vk; dh xfrfof/k;ka ;k rks vdsys ;k lkewfgd :i esa djuk pkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg fdldk cuuk pkfg,&rjhdk& mnkgj.k pkVZlizf'k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr mnkgj.k nsuk pkfg, Amnkgj.k&1& lsong xkao dh dkyks nsoh vke dk vkpkj cukuk pkgrh gS] og cktkj tkdj vke [kjhnykrh gS] ysfdu og ns[k ugha ldh fd vke fdl rjg dk gS] os [kV~Vs Lokn okys gSa ;k ehVsLokn okys] ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd dqN vke [kV~Vs Lokn okys vkSj dqN vke ehBs Lokn okys ysvk;h vkSj nksuksa dks feyk&tqyk dj vkpkj cuk fn;k A

izf'k{kd dks blds ckn fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwNus pkfg,&1- vkpkj dSlk rS;kj gksxk \2- D;k og vkpkj yacs le; rd jg ik;sxk \3- ml vkpkj dk Lokn dSlk gksxk \

izf'k{kd dks visf{kr mÙkj tkuus ds ckn lnL;ksa ls fuEufyf[kr loky iwNdj le>kuk pkfg,&· bl mnkgj.k ls ge D;k le>sa \

mnkgj.k&2rhu rjg ds cht dks ,d lkFk feykdj fn[kkuk] ,d beyh dk cht] pus dk cht] lse dkcht Avar esa izf'k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr ckrsa Li"V djuk pkfg, A Lo;a lgk;rk lewg esa lkjs lnL;,d leku lekftd] vkfFkZd ifjokj ls vkus pkfg, vkSj lHkh ,d gh Vksys dh gksuh pkfg,]lkFk gh lewg xBu esa vR;ar xjhc vkSj xjhc dks izkFkfedrk feyuh pkfg, A

Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk vkdkj&Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk vkdkj 1-&20 lnL;ksa dk gksuk pkfg, rkfd csBd vkSj foÙkh; ysu&nsuesa vklkuh gks A lkFk gh lHkh lnL;ksa dh lgHkkfxrk gks A

Lo;a lgk;rk lewg efgyk dk gh D;ksa \rjhdk& cM+s lewg ifjppkZ] pkVZl] ysDpj] vkbZ0 ,y0 ,e0izf’k{kd dks xjhc efgykvksa ij xjhch ds lkekftd] vkfFkZd izHkko dh ppkZ djuh pkfg, AlkFk gh fdl rjg ls efgyk,a lekt esa 'kksf"kr dh tk jgh gS A mudh orZeku fLFkfr D;k gSvkSj mUgsa vius ifjokj esa gh leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS A lkekftd] vkfFkZddqO;oLFkvksa ds bl dqqpdz ls fudyus ds fy, Lo;a lgk;rk lewg efgykvksa ds fy, t:jh gSblds ckn izf'k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr fcanqvksa ds }kjk Hkh Li"V djuk pkfg, A

& efgykvksa ds lkekftd vkfFkZd n'kkvksa esa lq/kkj ds fy, A& efgykvksa dh leL;kvksa dh igpku vkSj mlds lek/ku gsrq lewg ,d mfpr eap gS A& ifjokj ,oa lekt esa Lo&lEeku esa c`fn djuk A& usr`Ro {kerk esa nwljs ij fuHkZjrk dh ctk; [kqn fuHkZj gksuk A& efgykvksa dks lkekftd] vkfFkZd fLFkfr ls etcwr cukuk A& fyax&Hksn dh lekfIr vkSj lekurk gsrq A

lnL;rk ds fy, 'krZ&rjhdk& foLr`r lewg ifjppkZ] [ksy] vkbZ0 ,y0 ,e0 (lkai vkSj lh<+h)pkj&ikap lnL; vkdj lkai vkSj lh<+h dk [ksy [ksys vkSj ckdh lkjs lnL; ckgj ls nsa[ks] ladsr]lh<+h&(lnL;rk fey tkuk)

lkai&(lnL;rk ugha feyuk)

& vius lnL;ksa dks dtZ nsus ds fy, lewg dks cSadksa ls vkSj nwljs foÙkh; laLFkkvksa ls laca/ tksM+rsjguk pkfg, A&vkarfjd ysu&nsu gksrs jguk pkfg, A&lHkh lnL;ksa ds }kjk fu.kZ; fy, tkus pkfg, A&[kkrk&cgh dk ys[kkadu fu;fer :i ls viMsV djrs jguk pkfg, A&xzke laxBu dh lnL;rk gksuk pkfg, A&vius lnL;ksa dks tkx:drk txkus okys cSBdksa vkSj izf'k{k.k dk;Zdzeksa esa Hkstus dk ekSdk nsukpkfg, A&lewg ds lnL;ksa ds chp ijLij lg;ksx] leUo; vkSj vkilh le> iSnk djuk A& lHkh ljdkjh ;kstukvksa esa Hkkx ysuk a& lkFk gh lkekftd fodkl okys dk;Zdze esa Hkkx ysuk A

cprk vkSj bldk egRo&rjhdk& foLr`r lewg ifjppkZ] dgkuh] dsl LVMh] xkuk rFkk pkVZl A

e/qeD[kh e/qeD[kh }kjk vius cpr dh lqj{kk

izf'k{kd dks lykg& mij ds nksuksa pkVZl lnL;ksa dks fn[kk;s vkSj muds fopkj tkus A&lnL;ksa dks phaVh }kjk lkewfgd :i ls Hkkstu dk laxzg okyh dgkuh lquk,a A&fdlh LFkkuh; dsl LVMh ds mnkgj.k ds }kjk cpr dk egRo le>k,a Acpr dh jde & cpr dh jde fdruk gks bldk fu/kkZj.k lewg dh lnL;ksa }kjk lkewfgd:i ls fd;k tkrk gS Alewg dh {kerk ds vuqlkj ;g jde 5 :i, ls ipkl :i, rd gks ldrk gS A& cpr lewg dk izkFkfed xfrfof/ gS Acpr ds iz;ksx&& vkdfLed le; esa& cpr lnL; dks foÙkh; lqj{kk iznku djrk gS A& vkarfjd ysu&nsu esa iz;ksx A& cpr lewg dks foÙkh; enn fnyokus esa cSad ls Mh0vkj0Mh0 ls ;k vU; nwljs laLFkkvksa lsenn djrk gS A& cpr] lnL;ksa esa lewg ds izfr LokfeRo dk Hkko iSnk djrk gS A& cpr lnL;ksa esa lewg ds izfr :fp vkSj vf/dkj iSnk djrk gS A& cpr dk iz;ksx fodkl gsrq fd;k tk ldrk gS A& cqtqxZ gks tkus ij enn djrk gS A& vk; dh xfrfof/ 'kq: djus esa enn djrk gS A& lewg dk dks"k c<+kus esa enn djrk gS A

Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk y{; fu/kkZj.k&rjhdk& Vkoj cukus okyk [ksy] lewg ifjppkZizf'k{kd dks lykg& lnL;ksa dks rhu NksVs&NksVs xqzi esa ckaV nsa A& FkksM+s nsj ds ckn muls dgsa f dos ,d fuf’pr le; esa Vkoj cuk,a A& rhuksa lewgksa dks volj nsa vkSj lnL;ksa ls [ksy ds ifj.kke ds ckjs esa fopkj tkus Ajksy&Iys ds ckn izf'k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr fcanqvksa dks Li”V djrs gq, lewg ds fy, mn~ns';fu/kkZj.k ds egRo dks le>k,a A& y{;& Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dks {kerkiwoZd dke djuk A& lewg dk fodkl de le; esa mfpr ;kstuk ds dkj.k gksrk gS A& ;g lnL;ksa ds lkekftd vkfFkZd igyqvksa dks iwjk djrk gS A& lewg lnL;ksa dks fofHkUu rjg dh lsok,a {kerk] fodkl] izf’k{k.k] fuos’k vkfn iznku djrkgS A

fu"d"kZ&izf'k{kd dks lHkh fcanqvksa ij loky iwNdj lnL;ksa dk fopkj tkuuk pkfg, vkSj izf'k{k.klekIr djuk pkfg, AlnL;ksa dks lewg ls feyus okyh lsok;sa Amn~ns’;%& lnL;ksa us lewg nsus dk lsok dks Åij iwjk vkokxgu ysrs gSa A1- fcuk cpr2- t:jh cpr

fof/%& jksy Iys

iQSflyhVsVj nl lnL;ksa lspqudj mlls lewg gksus dkls oks ds Åij ,d jksy Iysuhps tSlk djokuk A

Lwkpuk%&1- igys nl lnL;ksa ls lekos'k ‘k: djuk A2- tks ehfVax dks ,d lnL;ksa dks cqd dhij vkSj ,d lnL; dks uk;d cksyuk gS A

3- lc lnL;ksa igys t:jh cpr uk;d dks nsuk A4- jksy Iys iwjh gksus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj lnL;ksa dks uhps fn;s x;s iz'u dks iwNuk A

eq[; iz'u %&

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg ls fdruh rjg cpr ns[kk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ mls D;k ykHk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ tSlk lnL;ksa ls tokc ysus ds ckn cpr djus vko';d D;k gS A tSlk ppkZ djuk lnL;ksadks fHkUu cpr vkSj mldk vko';d ds ckjs esa cksyuk A

t:jh] lj leku cprlewg esa lnL;ksa lc fey ds t:jh cpr fdruk tqM+uk@fdruk fnu esa lekos’k djuk fu.kZ;ysdj lj leku cpr djrs gSa] tSlh cpr lnL;ksa esa t:jh djus dk cpr gS A <sj ls cpr djuslnL; ds Åij tqekZuk djuk] lnL; dk cpr dk Åij C;kt nsuk dk lewg &&&&ls fu.kZ; dkÅij jgrk gS A dsoy lnL; us lewg ls fu”deZu djus dk le; esa t:jh cpr nsrs gSa

t:jh] vleku cprlnL;ksa dk vk;dj vkSj cpr djus &&&&&nf"V esa ysdj lewg dk lnL; djus dk de&ls&decpr] fu.kZ; ysuk] lnL;ksa esa lewg ls pys tkus ds le; esa cpr nsuk dk gksrk gS A nsj ls cprdjus okyk ds Åij tqekZuk yxkuk] lnL;ksa dk cpr dk Åij C;kt nsuk&lewg fy, lks fu.kZ;dk Åij jgrk gS A

dkykuqf"kr djus dk cprlnL;ksa dk vk;dj esa vyx&vyx ekSle esa cpr cnyrs gSa A lewg us bl chp dks /;ku esaj[kdj] lnL;ksa dk cpr dk fu.kZ; ys ldrs gSa A t:jh cpr dk fuca/u iSlk dkykuqf"krcpr ds jgrs gSa A lnL;ksa dk cpr mldk vk;dj tSlk vyx&vyx T;knk dke jgrk gS A

cpr djus dk fof/%czsuLVksjfeax& Åij tSlk ppkZ djus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj cpr djus dk rjhdk crkus ds fy;suhps tSlk iz'u djuk gS Aeq[; iz'u%

♦♦♦♦♦ cpr djuk [kkyh iSlksa dk :i esa oks vkSj :i esa dj ldrk gS D;k \lnL;ksa ls czsuLVksjfeax fof/ esa tokc ysus gSa] ckn esa uhps fn;s x;s fcUnqvksa dks le>kuk pkfg,1- C;kt & izdkjfof/ & miU;kl@ohfM;ks dSlsV

iQSflyhVsVj miU;kl fof/ esa uhps fn;s x;s fcUnqvksa dks le>kuk pkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ t:jh volj ds fy;s A

♦♦♦♦♦ fuR; volj ds fy;s A

♦♦♦♦♦ mRiknd ds fy;s A

♦♦♦♦♦t:jh volj ds fy;slnL;ksa dk rch;r vkSj dqN t:j volj ds fy;s nsus dk C;kt ;s dsoy t:jh voljifjfLFkfr essa nsrk ,slk C;kt dk var ugha A

♦♦♦♦♦ fuR; volj C;kt&ifjokj dk volj mnkgj.k& pkoy] lkexzh] cPps dh i<+kbZ] diM+k ds fy, nsus dks C;kt dksfuR; volj C;kt cksyrs gSa A bldk volj lewg dk vkjaHk vko’;drk esa T;knk jgrs gSa] lewgdk fuR; volj C;kt ds Åij var dk fu.kZ; ys ldrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ mRiknd C;kt&[ksrh] O;kikj] i’kq laj{k.k ds fy;s tks mRiknd dk;Zdze ds fy;s ysus dk C;kt dks mRikndC;kt cksyrs gSa A blds Åij var dk fu;fer lewg ys ldrs gSa A

lewg lnL;ksa dks nsus dk C;kt fof/%&fof/ & o`gÙkj lewg dk ppkZ

iQSflyhVsVj us lnL;ksa dks C;kt nsus dk rjhdksa ds Åij le>us ds fy;s uhps tSlk iz'uiwNuk A

eq[; iz'u & vkids lewg ds vanj lnL;ksa ds fdrus rjhdk dk C;kt nsrs gSa Ao`g~r lewg ds vanj ppkZ djds &&&&& va'kksa dks tksM+us ds ckn lewg] lnL;ksa dks rhu rjgdk C;kt nsrs gSa] ;s rhu rjQ C;kt nsus dk vko';d ckjs esa &&&&&& lewg ds vanj ppkZdh fof/ ls cksyuk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ O;fDrxr C;kt

♦♦♦♦♦ dqN lnL;ksa dks nsus dk ½.k A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg fliQkfj'k djds lnL;ksa dks ckgj laLFkkvksa ls fnykus dk ½.k A

O;fDrxr ½.klnL;ksa dks mldk volj] cpr] gkftjh] iqjkuk ½.k dk okil ns[kdj O;fDrxr ½.k nsrsgSa AdqN lnL;ksa dks nsus dk ½.k

♦♦♦♦♦ tSlk ½.k lk/kj.k mRikfnr dk;Zdze ds fy, nsrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ vdsyk ,d [email protected] de gqvk rks lewg ds vanj tSls lnL;ksa yksxksa dks ,dlkFk mRiknd dk;Zdze ds fy, ½.k ys ldrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg lnL;ksa dks mRiknd dk;Zdze ds fy, ½.k nsus ds fy, fHkUu&fHkUu fcUnqvksa dksns[kdj mnkgj.k& ekdsZV] [kfut inkFkZ vkSj vk;&O;; ns[kdj eatwj djrs gSa A

lewg fliQkfj'k djds lnL;ksa dks ckgj laLFkkvksa ls fnykus dk ½.kcM+k mRiknd dk;Zdze ds fy;s lewg esa iSlk ugha rks lewg ckgj dk laLFkkvksa dks fliQkfj'kdjuk lk/kkj.k gS A mnkgj.k&VªsDVj ds fy, ½.k A

chek& vyx&vyx lsokiQSflyhVsVj ds fy, lwpukvyx&vyx chek lsok iwjh fooj.k ds fy, lehi chek laLFkkvksa dks iwNuk Afof/& dsl LVMhlewg us lnL;ksa dks chek dk lqfo/k Hkh fnykrh gS A tSlk cksy dj iQSflyhVsVj lnL;ksa dks chekds vko';drk ds ckjs esa uhps fn;s x;s dsl LVMh dks crkuk gS A

dsl LVMh%ukyank ftys esa fcjtw feYdh xkao ds vanj tu fodkl lewg esa ikoZfr nsoh lnL;rk Fkh mUgksausikap lky ls ykxrkj cpr dj jgh gSa A oks igys fy, nks ½.k dks okil tek djsa rFkk vxyslky esa tu fodkl lewg dk dke ns[kdj lewg dks ½.k eatwj fd;k] igyh ikoZrh nsoh dklkFk ikap lnL;ksa dks ½.k eatwj gqbZ A lewg ls ½.k dk iSlk ysdj cktkj esa cdjh [kjhn yhA cdjhgjsd fnu ?kkl dks gj fnu eSnku esa ?kkl pjrs gSa A dqN fnu ds ckn ,d fnu vpkudiwjk cdfj;ka chekj iM+ x;h A ikoZrh nsoh us Hkkxj MkDVj ykus ds fy, xbZ A MkDVj dks cqykdj?kj ykbZ] vkus ds ckn oks ns[kh dh iwjh cdfj;ka ej xbZa A ns[kdj oks jksus yxh A cSad dks yksuHkjus ds fy, eqf'dy gks xbZ AÅij dk dgkuh lnL;ksa dks lqudj uhps tSlk iz'u djuk gS A

eq[; iz'u%&

♦♦♦♦♦ ikoZrh nsoh us MkDVj ds ikl D;ksa xbZ A

♦♦♦♦♦ ikoZrh us D;ksa jksbZ A

♦♦♦♦♦ ikoZrh nsoh C;kt okil djus ds fy, D;ksa esgur djuk iM+k A

♦♦♦♦♦ ikoZrh nsoh dk gkfu Hkjus ds fy, D;k djs rks vPNk yxsxk A

Åij dk iz'u ls tokc ysus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj chek dk vo’; vyx&vyx chek lqfo/kenn ds ckjs lnL;ksa dks cksyuk A

1- O;fDrxr chek ;kstuk2- Lkk/kj.k chek ;kstuk3- vkjksX; chek ;ksstuk4- laifÙk chek ;kstuk5- [ksrh j{ku chek ;kstuk6- eqxhZ] tkuoj chek ;kstuk7- lewg chek ;kstuk8- lnL;ksa Nqik;s lks leku ds chek ;kstuk

vyx&vyx O;kikj lgk;~; lsokfof/& ppkZ] miU;kliQSflyhVsVj fdlh dk ,d mRiknd dk;Zdze ysdj (eqxhZ] cdjh dk iQkeZ vkfn)Ayxkus ds fy, gksus okyk D;k&D;k lkeku] leku lqfo/k ds ckjs esa ppkZ djuk gS A mRiknddk;Zdze ds ysus ds fy, lnL;ksa dks gksus dk fuiq.krk vkSj lzksr D;k gS \ cksy dj lnL;ksals uhps fn;s x;s tokc vkus ds fy, dksf'k'k djuk A

♦♦♦♦♦ [kfut inkFkZ

♦♦♦♦♦ fuoZgu fof/

♦♦♦♦♦ cktkj

♦♦♦♦♦ vU; lqfo/k

♦♦♦♦♦ iwathoSlk tokc ysus ds ckn lewg Hkh FkksM+k mRiknd lsok lnL; yksxksa dks nhft,xk A cksydjiQSflyhVsVj lnL;ksa dks fooj.k nsuk gS Alewg nsus dk O;kikj lgk;~; lsok

♦♦♦♦♦ O;kikj fuoZgu ds lacaf/r& O;kikj :i dYiuk& iqLrd fuoZgu& fuiq.krk c<+kuk

♦♦♦♦♦ lkadsfrd lsok& mÙke fof/& [kfut inkFkZ dk mi;ksx& mRiknd pquko

♦♦♦♦♦ eaMh lsok& eaMh pquus dk fof/k& vyx&vyx eaMh ds ckjs esa ekywe djuk& eaMh ds vuqlkj mRiknu dk cnyuk& iSfdax] nke dk fu.kZ;] caVokjk djuk

♦♦♦♦♦ jQjy lsok& lewg us dHkh&dHkh lnL;ksa dks t:jh lgk;~; nsus esa etcwjh gS A tSlh lsok lnL;ksa dks dgkals feysxk ml lekpkj lewg esa nsrh gS A

lkekftd fodkl dk;Zdze&lsokfof/& o`gr~ lewg esa ppkZiQSflyhVsVj os lnL;ksa dks uhps tSls eq[; iz'u iwNuk A

eq[; iz'u%xkao esa xjhc yksxksa D;k&D;k leL;k loky dj jgk gS \tSls leL;kvksa ls dSls vkxs c<+ ldrs gSa \ lnL;ksa ls tokc ysus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj us lewgdk lnL;ksa dks vk;dkj lsokvksa dsoy u gSa A lkekftd leL;k] thou&;kiu vkxs c<+us dsfy;s vfHko`fn) dk;Zdze ysrs gSa A cksy dj uhps fn;s x;s va'kksa dk fooj.k nsuk A1- lkekftd ijs'kkuh

& ngst& e|iku fu”ks/k& cky etnwjh& cky&fookg& va/fo'okl& fuj{kjrk& fyax foPNsnrk& tkfr dk Hksn& efgyk vkjksX; leL;k

2- lkekftd fodkl dk;Zdze& O;fDrxr lkiQ&liQkbZ ds Åij voxr c<+kuk& xzke lM+d dk vfHko`fn)& ifjokj fu;kstu dk c<+kuk& ou laj{k.k dk;Zdze ysuk

& ihus dk ikuh ds fy;s enn djukiYl&iksfy;ks es lgk;rk djuk] lnL;ksa dks vkSj mudk ifjokj dks lkekftd leL;k ds Åijvoxr fnykuk A

& U;k; laca/kh lsok& oS| lgk;rk nsuk& ifjokj dkmaflfyax lsok& fjQjy lsok

izf'k{k.kfof/& czsuLVksjfeaxiQSflyhVsVj lnL;ksa dks uhps fn;s x;s iz’uksa ds vuqlkj iQSflyhVsVj fdl rjg ds izf'k{k.k nsukgS iwNuk pkfg, A

eq[; iz'u%&vkidks izf'k{k.k vko';d gS D;k \ fdu&fdu va'kksa esa izf'k{k.k vko';d gSlnL;ksa tokc nsus ds ckn lewg esa D;k&D;k izf'k{k.k vko’;d gS] mudks dSlh izf'k{k.k lewgnsrh gS] iQSflyhVsVj crkuk A

& cgh&[kkrk& lewg fuoZgu& lewg nsus dk lsok& uk;d vkSj lnL;ksa dk dk;Z vkSj ftEesnkjh& vk;dj vfHko`fn) vkSj jkstxkj ;kstuk dk;Zdze& {ks=k len'kZu& lkekftd lsok& cSad ls laca/ j[kuk& ljdkjh vkSj futh laLFkkvksa dk ;kstuk dk ykHk ysuk

ckgj ds laLFkkvksa ds lkFk vuqla/kku] ykbtsfuaxfof/k& ih0 vkj0 ,0 o`g~r lewg dk ppkZiQSflyhVsVj us lnL;ksa dks uhps fn;s x;s iz'u iwNuk A

eq[; iz'u&ckgj ds laLFkkvksa ds lkFk D;ksa j[kuk gS AlnL;ksa ls tokc ysus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj uhps fcanqvksa ds Åij fooj.k nsuk A

& t:jr phtksa dks bdV~Bk dj ysuk

& lekpkj irk djuk& **,d laxfBr 'kfDr** tSlk vkfoHkkZo gksuk& izf'k{k.k dk volj iwjh djuk& gd dks dk;e j[kuk& nwljs laLFkkvksa ls ykHk izkIr djuk

blfy, lewg mldk t:jr tSls laLFkkvksa ls lacaf/kr gksuk] mnkgj.k& lewg dks cpr nsus dsfy, iQaM de gqvk rks cpr nsus dk laLFkkvksa ls feydj ml laLFkkvksa dks gksus dk &&&&&&dek ds laca/ ysuk gS AlnL;ksa vkSj laLFkkvksa ds ikl dSlh vuqla/kku gqbZ] crkus ds fy, iQSflyhVsVj uhps fn;s x;sih0vkj0,0 fof/ esa fuoZgu djuk A

lwpuk&& ,d dkxt ysdj xksy tSlk vyx&vyx lkbtksa esa dkVuk A& vkSj ,d pkVZ ds Åij lewg dk uke lnL;ksa ds lkFk ppkZ cudj fofHkUu laLFkkvksadk uke fy[kuk] oks laLFkkvksa dk izeq[k vuqlkj ls cM+k] NksVk xksy dkVdj pkVZ ds Åijfy[kukA& ckn esa lnL;ksa dks uhps fn;s x;s iz’u dks iwNuk Aeq[; iz'u&& izLrqr bu laLFkkvksa ls dSlk miyC/k ys jgs gSa A

laLFkkvksa ls miyC/k ysus esa D;k&D;k leL;k loky dj jgk gS AleL;kvksa dks igpkuus ds ckn lewg us oks leL;k dks dSlk lek/kku nsrs gSa] crkuk \

xkao ds vanj vyx&vyx lsok laLFkk

♦♦♦♦♦ xzke iapk;rh

♦♦♦♦♦ tu&forj.k iz.kkyh

♦♦♦♦♦ vLirky

♦♦♦♦♦ Ldwy

♦♦♦♦♦ cSad

♦♦♦♦♦ nw/ dk lkgdkj dsanz

♦♦♦♦♦ vkaxuckM+h

♦♦♦♦♦ tkuoj dk nok[kkukf'k{kk lekIr gksus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj lnL;ksa dks dgka rd izf'k{k.k le> esa vk;k uhpsfn;s x;s iz'u dks iwNdj irk djuk A

1- cpr fdruk gS] oks D;k gS\2- ½.k fdruk gS] oks D;k gS\3- ½.k fdrus rjhds esa nsrk gS] oks D;k gS\4- chek ds fdrus rjhds gSa] oks D;k gS\5- lewg nsus dk mRiknd lgk;~; lsok D;k gS\6- lewg lnL;ksa dks dkSu lh izf'k{k.k nsrk gS \7- lewg lnL;ksa ckgj dk laLFkkvksa ds vanj ykus esa dSlh lgk;rk nsrh gSAiQfyr lnL;ksa us lewg nsus dk vyx&vyx lsok esa voxr c<+k ysrk gSiQSflyhVsVj ds vykok &&&&&&&

1- ohfM;ks dSlsV2- jksy&Iys3- NksVs lewg dk ppkZ4- dsl LVMh5- iSlk cnyus dk [ksy6- fp=kiV

♦♦♦♦♦ Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dh cSBd izfd;kmn~n';& lnL;ksa esa lewg ds cSBd izfdz;k ds izfr tkx:drk ykuk Amifo"k;&

1- cSBd D;k gS\2- cSBd dh egÙkk D;k gS\3- cSBd ds fy, t:jh lkeku\4- cSBd dh izfdz;k\5- cSBd gsrq ppkZ ds fo"k;@fcanq\

♦♦♦♦♦ cSBd D;k gS\rjhdk& fnekxh dljr@pkVZizf'k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr pkVZ fn[kkukpkfg, Amlds ckn izf'k{kd dks fuEukafdr iz'uiwNus pkfg, A

iz'u&1- mijksDV pkVZ esa ls dkSu ls pkVZ ds fp=k dks cSBd dgk tk ldrk gS\2- D;ksa\lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj vkus ds ckn izf’k{kd dks fuEu ckrsa tksM+dj le>kuk pkfg,*cSBd dk lapkyu] fuf'pr] le;] fuf'pr fnu dks r; fd, x, LFkku ij gksuk pkfg, A

1- lHkh lnL;ksa dks xksykdkj :i esa cSBuk pkfg, A2- fofHkUu eqn~nksa ij ppkZ gksuk pkfg, A3- cSBd esa dk;Zokgh cgh fy[kuk A4- ppkZ ds fcanq r; gksuk A

ifjHkk"kk& dqN lnL;ksa ls cus gq, lewg ,d fuf'pr fnu] le; esa r; fd, x, LFkku ijfeyrs gSa] r; fd, x, fcanq@eqn~ns ij ppkZ djrs gSa vkSj feydj vius leL;k ds lek/ku djusdh dksf'k'k djrs gSa A bls cSBd dgk tkrk gS A

cSBd dk egRorjhdk& ;knk'r (;kn j[kus) dk [ksy@fnekxh dljrlykg& izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa esa ls 30&40 NksVs&NksVs pht tSls& fiu] jcM+] da?kh] pwM+h] ekykbR;kfn tek djok dj bldks Nqikdj j[kuk pkfg, vkSj ,d rst lnL; dks vkus ds fy, dgukpkfg, A& ml lnL; dks cxy esa ys tkdj <d dj j[ks x, lkjs phtksa dks fn[kkuk gS vkSj mls ,dfeuV rd ns[kus ds fy, dgrk gS A& iqu% lkjs phtksa dks diM+s ls <d nsrk gS rkfd nwljs lnL; ns[k u ldsa A& izf'k{kd ml rst lnL; dks lkjs phtksa ds uke ,d&,d dj cksyus ds fy, dgrk gS vkSjmls fy[krk tkrk gS A& mlds ckn og phtksa ij ls diM+k gVk nsrk gS vkSj iqu% lkjs lnL;ksa ls ,d feuV rd ns[kusds fy, dgrk gS vkSj fiQj phtksa dks diM+s ls <d nsrk gS A& vkSj fiQj lkjs lnL;ksa ls phtksa ds uke crkus ds fy, dgrk gS A vkSj mls fy[krk tkrk gS[ksy [kRe gksus ds ckn izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls fuEufyf[kr loky iwNus pkfg,&

1- lHkh lnL;ksa dks xksykdkj :i esa cSBuk pkfg, A2- fofHkUu eqn~nksa ij ppkZ gksuk pkfg, A3- cSBd esa dk;Zokgh cgh fy[kuk A4- ppkZ ds fcanq r; gksuk A

ifjHkk"kk& dqN lnL;ksa ls cus gq, lewg ,d fuf’pr fnu] le; esa r; fd, x, LFkku ijfeyrs gSa] r; fd, x, fcanq@eqn~ns ij ppkZ djrs gSa vkSj feydj vius leL;k ds lek/ku djusdh dksf'k'k djrs gSa A bls cSBd dgk tkrk gS A

cSBd dk egRo

rjhdk& ;knk'r (;kn j[kus) dk [ksy@fnekxh dljrlykg& izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa esa ls 30&40 NksVs&NksVs pht tSls& fiu] jcM+] da?kh] pwM+h] ekykbR;kfn tek djok dj bldks Nqikdj j[kuk pkfg, vkSj ,d rst lnL; dks vkus ds fy, dgukpkfg, A& ml lnL; dks cxy esa ys tkdj <d dj j[ks x, lkjs phtksa dks fn[kkuk gS vkSj mls ,dfeuV rd ns[kus ds fy, dgrk gS A& iqu% lkjs phtksa dks diM+s ls <d nsrk gS rkfd nwljs lnL; ns[k u ldsa A& izf’k{kd ml rst lnL; dks lkjs phtksa ds uke ,d&,d dj cksyus ds fy, dgrk gS A vkSjmls fy[krk tkrk gS A& mlds ckn og phtksa ij ls diM+k gVk nsrk gS vkSj iqu% lkjs lnL;ksa ls ,d feuV rd ns[kusds fy, dgrk gS vkSj fQj phtksa dks diM+s ls <d nsrk gS A& vkSj fQj lkjs lnL;ksa ls phtksa ds uke crkus ds fy, dgrk gS A vkSj mls fy[krk tkrk gS A[ksy [kRe gksus ds ckn izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls fuEufyf[kr loky iwNus pkfg,&

1- dkSu vf/kd oLrqvksa@phtksa ds uke fxuk lds@D;ksa\2- rst lnL; vf/d phtksa ds uke D;ksa ugha fxuk ldsa\lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj ikus ds ckn izf’k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr ckrsa tksM+dj le>kuk pkfg,&** ,d vdsyh lnL; pkgs og fdruh gh rst D;ksa ugha gks A lkjs phtksa dks ;k eqn~nksa dks ;knugha j[krh gS] tcfd lkjs ;k vf/dre lnL;ksa dks tksM+dj os T;knk phtksa@eqn~nksa dks ;kn j[kldrh gS A**

mlds ckn izf'k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr loky iwNus pkfg,&iz'u&1- Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ds lnL;ksa dks fu;fer feyus dh D;k vko';drk gS\

cSBd Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk fny gS ApkVZ dks fn[kkdj izf'k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr ckrsa crkuk pkfg,&

♦♦♦♦♦ cSBd Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ds thou ds leku gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ ;g lnL;ksa dks vkil esa ckrphr djus dk ekSdk nsrk gS

♦♦♦♦♦ cpr] dtZ okilh] C;kt vkfn tek djus dk volj nsrk gS vkSj lHkh lnL;ksa dhtkudkjh esa fdlh efgyk dks dtZ fn;k tkrk gS ftlls lewg esa ikjnf'kZrk vkrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ lkekftd eqn~nksa ij ppkZ djus dk volj A

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL;ksa ls dtZ okilh gksrh gS vkSj dtZ ugha pqdkus okyh efgykvksa ij ncko iM+rk gS

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL; dh cqf¼ vkSj {kerk dk fodkl gksrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL;ksa esa lkewfgd 'kfDr vkrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL; lewg ds lHkh phtksa ds ckjs esa tku tkrs gSa ftlls ikjnf'kZrk vkrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ lkewfgd fu.kZ; ysus dk ekSdk A

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL;ksa esa ijLij ln~Hkko esa fodkl

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg dh dqO;oLFkkvksa dks de djrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg ds ewY;kadu dk ,d LFkku gS A

Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dh cSBd ds fy, t:jh lekurjhdk&fnekxh dljr(izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls cSBd gsrq t:jh lkeku ds ckjs esa iwNuk pkfg, A mlds ckn mUgsa fuEupkVZ fn[kkus pkfg, vkSj fiQj muls ppkZ djuh pkfg,)

lewg dh cSBd izfd;krjhdk&jksy&Iys] ohfM;ks dSlsV] {ks=k ifjHkze.k(izf'k{kd dks jksy&Iys djokuk pkfg,)

izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa esa ls 7 lnL;ksa dks cqyk ysuk pkfg, A

jksy&Iys& (1)

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL; xksykdkj :i esa ugha cSBsaxs

♦♦♦♦♦ cSBd esa vkrs gh cpr ,oa dtZokilh 'kq: dj nsaxs A

♦♦♦♦♦ izf'k{k.kfFkZ;ksa esa ls nks ckgjhlnL; v/;{k ls u, dtZekaxrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ nks&rhu lnL; cSBd 'kq: gksusds ckn chp esa vkrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ cpr vkSj dtZ okilh ds ckn efgyk,a cSBd ls mBdj pyh tkrh gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ [kkrk&cgh dk dksbZ ys[kk&tks[kk ugha gksrk gS A

jksy&Iys (2)

♦♦♦♦♦ lHkh lnL; xksydkj :i esa cSBrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ cSBd dh ‘kq:vkr izkFkZuk ls gksrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ lHkh lnL; viuk&viuk ifjp; nsrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ cSBd dh la[;k] fnu] LFkku ,oa le; fy[kk tkrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ rkRdkfyd v/;{k dk pquko gksrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ ppkZ ds fcanq ;k eqn~nk r; gksrk gS A& mifLFkfr& fiNys cSBd dh leh{kk& cpr& dtZ (ewy/ku+C;kt) okilh& u, dtZ& lkekftd eqn~ns

♦♦♦♦♦ lkjs tek jde cSBd esa gksrs gSa vkSj rkRdkfyd v/;{k ds ikl tek gksrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg ds [kkrk&cgh vkSj lnL;ksa ds O;fDrxr ikl cqd dks lewg ds cqd dhij dh ennls fy[kk tkrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ dk;Zokgh cgh esa nLr[kr djrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ cSBd ds v/;{k }kjk cSBd dh lekfIr dh ?kks”k.kk ds ckn gh lnL; cSBd NksM+rs gSanksuksa jksy&Iys ds ckn izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa dks fuEu pkVZ fn[kkuk pkfg, vkSj fuEufyf[kriz'u iwNuk pkfg,&

iz'u&(1) vPNs cSBd esa vkius D;k&D;k

ns[kk\lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj vkus ds cknizf'k{kdksa dks fuEu fcanqvksa dks tksM+djle>kuk pkfg,&

1- xksykdkj :i esa cSBd dh O;oLFkk

♦♦♦♦♦ lekurk dk Hkko

♦♦♦♦♦ lc ,d&nwljs dks ns[k ldsa] ,d&nwljs ls ckr dj ldsa vkSj [kkrs&cgh ds ys[kkadu dks ns[kldsa A

♦♦♦♦♦ xSj lnL;ksa ls varj fd;k tk lds A2- izkFkZuk ls cSBd dh ‘kq:vkr djuk

♦♦♦♦♦lnL;ksa ds fny esa ‘kkafr dk Hkko vk tkrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ cSBd ds ‘kq: gksus dk ladsr A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg ds izfr vknj Hkko3- lnL;ksa dk ifjp;

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL;ksa dk vkRecy c<+rk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ lHkh lnL; ,d&nwljs ds ckjs esa T;knk ls T;knk tku ldsas A

♦♦♦♦♦ lHkh lnL; nwljs lnL; ds ckjs esa mudh muqifLFkfr esa Hkh lewg ls ckgj ds lnL;ksa@inkf/dkfj;ksa dks lwpuk ns ldsa A

4- rkRdkfyd v/;{k dk pquko

♦♦♦♦♦ lHkh lnL;ksa esa ckjh&ckjh ls usr‘Ro xq.k vk lds A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg ds fu;fer inkf/dkfj;ksa ij ls cSBd djokus dh fuHkZjrk dks de djuk A

♦♦♦♦♦ usr`Ro ifjorZu vklkuh ls gks lds A

♦♦♦♦♦ lHkh lnL;ksa dks cSBd dh izfdz;k dh tkudkjh gksuk A

5- ppkZ ds fcanq@eqn~nk dks r; djuk

♦♦♦♦♦ de le; esa T;knk eqn~nksa ij ppkZ gks lds A

♦♦♦♦♦ izkFkfedrk ds vk/kkj ij eqn~ns ,d&,d dj mBk;k tk lds A

♦♦♦♦♦ vklkuh ls ;kn j[kk tk lds A

♦♦♦♦♦ cSBd ds mn~ns’; dks iwjk fd;k tk lds A 6- lewg ds [kkrk&cgh dk cSBd esa ys[kkadu

♦♦♦♦♦ [kkrk cgh esa fy[kus esa gsj&Qsj ugha fd;k tk lds A

♦♦♦♦♦ lkjs lnL;ksa dks lewg dh ,oa futh ysu&nsu dh tkudkjh gks lds A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg esa foÙkh; C;kSjk djuk iM+rk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL;ksa esa vkilh fo'okl vkSj vkRecy c<+krk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ vfu;fer lnL; (cSBd esa Hkkx ugha ysus okyh lnL;) dks nwljs lnL;ksa ds }kjk ncko Mkyk tk lds A

7- cqd dhij dk egRo@egÙkk@vko';drk

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg ds [kkrk&cgh dks cSBd esa fy[krk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL;ksa dks le>kuk vkSj izsfjr djuk A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg dk cSBd izfdz;k ds vuqlkj djokuk A8- gkFk dh tek jkf’k dks cSBd dh v/;{k ds ikl j[kuk

♦♦♦♦♦ izR;sd lnL; dks ,d lIrkg rd iSlk vius ikl j[kus dk ekSdk feyrk gS] ftlls lewgds inkf/dkfj;ksa ds fcuk Hkh lnL;ksa esa foÙkh; rF;ksa dks lqy>kus dk {kerk vk lds A

9- lnL;ksa ds lkeus cSBd dh dk;Zokgh dks i<+uk

♦♦♦♦♦ dk;Zokgh ,d fnu ds iwjs cSBd dk vkbuk gksrk gS] vr% blds c<+ tkus ls lnL;ksa esa lewgds izfr fo’okl c<+rk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ ys[kkadu esa xyrh gksus ij mls lq/kkjk tk ldrk gS A 10- cSBd cgh esa lnL;ksa dk gLrk{kj ysuk

♦♦♦♦♦ fy, x, fu.kZ; ,oa izLrko ij lnL;ksa dh lgefr gS A ♦♦♦♦♦ cSBd esa fy, x, fu.kZ; dks ekuus ds fy, lnL; ck/; gS A

cSBd esa ppkZ ds fcanq@eqn~nkrjhdk& (ckrphr djds lnL;ksa dks le>kuk) (baVªSfDVo ysDpj rjhdk (vkbZ0,y0,e0) ) oks fcanq ;k eqn~ns ftlij lnL; cSBd ds nkSjku ppkZ djuk pkgrs gSa mls ,tsaMk ;k eqn~nk dgktkrk gS AcSBd ds lkekU; eqn~ns

(d) mifLFkfr&& blls irk pyrk gS fd cSBd esa fdrus lnL;ksa us Hkkx fy;k gS A& lnL;ksa esa vuq’kklu dk Hkko vkrk gS A& fu;e ds vuqlkj nsj ls vkus okyksa dks nafMr fd;k tk ldrk gS A

([k) fiNys cSBd dh leh{kk& fiNys cSBd dh gkFk esa cph jkf’k dks bl cSBd ds v/;{k dks lkSaiuk A& fiNys cSBd ds izLrko ds vuqlkj nks”kh lnL;ksa ls naM olwyh gks lds A& fiNys cSBd esa ikfjr izLrkoksa ij D;k fu.kZ; fy, x, bldk ewY;kadu djus esa enn gksrk gS A& fiNys cSBd esa ugha vkus okyh lnL;ksa dks fiNys cSBd ds izLrkoksa dh tkudkjh gks tkrk gS A

(x) cpr tek gksuk& lnL; r; dh x;h cpr jkf’k tek djrs gSa A& tks lnL; cpr ugha dj ikrh gS muij ppkZ djds tqekZuk@naM yxk;k tk ldrk gS

(?k) dtZ dh okilh gksuk& ewy/u vkSj C;kt r; fd, x, fdLrksa ds vuqlkj tek djokuk A& dtZ okilh ugha dj ikus okyh lnL;ksa ij ppkZ gksrk gS vkSj fu;e ds vuqlkj naM yxk;k tk ldrk gS A

cpr tek djus dh izfd;k

♦♦♦♦♦ cSBd dh v/;{k ;k cqd dhij lnL;ksa dk uke iqdkjrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ ftl lnL; dk uke iqdkjk tkrk gS og vius cpr dks ikl cqd esa j[kdj gj ,d lnL;ksa ds gkFk ls gksrs gq, cSBd dh v/;{k dks nsrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ cSBd dh v/;{k cpr ysrh gS vkSj ikl cqd dks cqd dhij dks fy[kus gsrq c<+k nsrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ ikl cqd ij fy[kus ds ckn bls lnL; dks ns fn;k tkrk gS AdtZ okilh tek djokus dh izfdz;k

♦♦♦♦♦ cqd dhij ml fnu ykSVk, tkus okys ekax i=k rS;kj djrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ cqd dhij lnL;ksa dk uke iqdkj dj ykSVk, tkus okys ewy/u] C;kt vkSj dqy jde ds ckjs esa lqukrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ mlds ckn lnL; dqy jde dks vius ikl cqd esa j[kdj lnL;ksa ds ek/;e ls cSBd ds v/;{k ds ikl igaqpkrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ v/;{k iSlk tek dj ysrh gS vkSj ikl cqd dks cqd dhij dks fy[kus ds fy, ns nsrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ cqd dhij ikl cqd ij jde p<+kdj vkSj lewg ds ½.k cgh ij jde p<+kdj lnL; dks mlds vxys ekax frfFk vkSj jde ds ckjs esa lqukrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ mlds ckn ikl cqd lnL; dks fn;k tkrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ tks lnL; fd’r tek djus esa Qsy dj tkrh gS mlij ppkZ dh tkrh gS vkSj fu;ekuqlkj naM yxk;k tkrk gS A

u, dtZ Lohd`r djus dh izfdz;k

♦♦♦♦♦ cpr vkSj ½.k okilh tek djokus ds ckn cSBd dh v/;{k lewg ds O;;] xzke laxBu@cSad ds fd’r vkfn dks dkVdj ‘ks”k cps jde dh ?kks”k.k djrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL; vius t:jr ds vuqlkj dtZ ekaxrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ lkjs lnL;ksa ds t:jrksa ,oa jde dks dk;Zokgh cgh ij fy[kk tkrk gS vkSj vxj iwjh jde gS rks lHkh dks ppkZ ds ckn dtZ Lohd‘r gks tkrh gS vkSj iwjh jde ugha gksus ij izkFkfedrk ds vk/kkj ij dtZ r; gksrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ dtZ dh Lohd‘fr ds igys C;kt dh nj] fd’rksa dh la[;k r; gks tkrk gs A

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL;ksa dks muds dtZ ysus dh ‘krsZa ,oa fu;e lquk, tk;saxs A

lkekftd eqn~nsLFkkuh;rk ds vk/kkj ij eqn~ns tSls LokLF; ,oa lQkbZ] cPpksa dh f'k{kk] O;Ld f'k{kk]iQkyrw [kpZ]vkaxuckM+h vkfn ij ppkZ fd;k tk ldrk gS AizR;sd cSBd esa dqN [kkl eqn~ns fy, tk, vkSj mldk ewY;kadu rc rd gksrk jgs tcrd fdog iwjk ugha gks tk, A&izLrko ;k fu;e ds vuqlkj dne mBk, tk ldrs gSa A

vkenuh ,oa [kpZcSBd dh lekfIr ij&&cqd dhij dks bl cSBd ds iwjs vk; ,oa O;; r; dj nsus pkfg, A&gkFk esa fdruh jkf’k cph gS ;s Hkh Li”V dj nsuk pkfg, A

vU; eqn~nsvkSj Hkh vU; eqn~ns ij ppkZ dh tk ldrh gS A

cSBd esa vkus okyh ck/k,arjhdk&cM+s lewg ifjppkZ(izf'k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr loky iwNus pkfg,)iz'u&1- cSBd ds lapkyu esa D;k&D;k ck/k,a vk ldrh gSa A

lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj vkus ds ckn izf’k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr fcanq tksM+dj le>kuk pkfg,&& inkf/dkfj;ksa dh vuqifLFkfr& cqd dhij dh vuqifLFkfr& izkd`frd ck/kk,a tSls&ck<+] pdzokr bR;kfn& ioZ ,oa R;kSgkj& lnL;ksa dk iyk;u& [kkrk cgh dk u gksuk& lnL;ksa esa tkx:jdrk ugha gksuk

leL;k ,oa lek/kkuinkf/dkfj;ksa dh vuqifLFkfrmnkgj.k&usr`Ro ifjorZu dj fn;k tkuk A

& ehfVax (cSBd) ds fy, v/;{k pqus tkus ds dkj.k lHkh lnL; cSBd dk lapkyu djuk lh[ktkrs gSa A

& izR;sd lnL; dks lewg lapkyu dk izf’k{k.k ysuk pkfg, A

cqd dhij dh vuqifLFkfrmnkgj.k&lewg dh gh dksbZ f'kf{kr lnL; cqd dhij dk dke dj ldrh gS A&[kkrk cgh dk ys[kkadu lnL; dks vius ifjokj ds fdlh lnL; ds }kjk ;k fdlh vU;f'kf{kr O;fDr ds }kjk djokuk pkfg, A&lnL;ksa }kjk fdlh cSBd ds lkjs ysus&nsu fd, x, [kkrk&cgh dks fdlh vkSj dkWih esafy[k&fy[k dj lh[kuk pkfg, A

izkd`frd foink,a@ioZ] R;ksgkj& cSBd LFkfxr dj fn;k tk ldrk gS Aiyk;umnkgj.k& LFkkuh; Lrj ij oSdfYid jkstkxkj dh ryk’k djuk A&ykSVdj vkus ds ckn ml lnL; dk fglkc&fdrkc lgh djuk A&iyk;u dh otg ls vxj cgqr lkjs lnL; vuqifLFkr jgrs gSa rks cSBd dh fnu vkSj le;cnyk tk ldrk gS A[kkrk&cgh dk ugha gksukmnkgj.k& fdlh nwljs dkWih esa fy[k ysuk A&;kn j[kk tk ldrk gS AlnL;ksa esa tkx:rk dk vHkko

mnkgj.k& lnL;ksa esa lewg dh egÙkk ds ckjs esa tkx:jdrk iSnk djuk A& vuq'kklu fu;e ykxw djuk A& oSls lnL; ftudh mifLFkfr de gks] mls dtZ Lohd`r ugha djuk Aizf'k{k.k dh lekfIr ds igys izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwNus pkfg,&1- lewg cSBd D;k gS2- cSBd dh D;k t:jr gS A3- Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dh cSBd gsrq t:jh lkeku D;k&D;k gSA4- Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk cSBd fdls djokuk pkfg, A5- Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dh cSBd ds lkekU; eqn~ns D;k gSA6- izR;sd cSBd esa fiNys cSBd dh leh{kk D;ksa dh tkrh gS A7- cSBd esa D;k&D;k ck/kk,a vk ldrh gSa A mUgsa dSls nwj fd;k tk ldrk gS A

lewg ds fu;emn~ns';& lewg esa lHkh lnL;ksa dks fodkl esa fu;eksa dh vko';drk] fu;eksa ds izdkj vkSj fu;edk ikyu djus dh fof/k ds ckjs esa tkudkjh gksuh pkfg, Amifu;e&

1- fu;e dk eryc2- fu;e dh vko';drk3- fu;e ds izdkj4- fu;e dk ikyu5- fu;eksa ds ikyu esa vkus okyh leL;k vkSj lek/kku6- fu;eksa ds ikyu esa lnL;ksa ,oa inkf/dkfj;ksa dh Hkwfedk

(izf'k{kd dks lykg)(;g izf'k{k.k lewg ds fLFkfr ,oa vk;q ds vk/kkj ij djuk pkfg,)

1- fu;e dk eryc&rjhdk& cM+s lewg ifjppkZ

izf'k{kd uhps fn;k x;k fp=kiV fn[kkrk gS ftlesa fo|ky; dh ?kaVh ctus ij cPps Ldwy dsvanj igqap tkrs gSa Aizf'k{kd dks fp=kiV fn[kkus ds ckn lnL;ksa ls fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwNuk pkfg,&

1- bl pkVZ ls vkidks D;k le> vk;h\2- ?kaVh ctuk vkSj Ldwy ds vanj cPps ds igqap tkus dks D;k dgrs gSa\

izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj feyus ds ckn fuEukafdr phtksa dks tksM+dj crkuk pkfg,

1- Ldwy dk Mªsl igudj Ldwy tkuk pkfg,

♦♦♦♦♦ igyh okyh ?kaVh ctus ds igys cPps dks fo|ky; igqap tkuk pkfg, Avar esa izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa dks ;g crkuk pkfg, fd ,sls fu;e ifjokj esa Hkh gks ldrs gSa]lfefr esa Hkh gks ldrs gSa

2- fu;eksa dh vko';drk izf'k{k.k dk rjhdk& jksy&Iys@cM+k lewg ifjppkZ (izf'k{kd dks jksy&Iys ds ek/;e ls lnL;ksa dks fu;eksa dh vko';drk dh igpku djkuk pkfg,) izf'k{kd lnL;ksa esa ls 10 ;k 12 lnL;ksa dks cqykdj jksy&Iys djus ds fy, dgrk gS

3- lewg dh cSBpriyad dk jksy&Iys

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg dh usrk lnL;ksa ds ?kj&?kj tkdj cSBd ds fy, cqykrh gS] ysfdu lnL;ksa }kjkvius&vius dke esa O;Lr gksus dk cgkuk dj Vky fn;k tkrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ cSBd 'kq: gksus ds ckn Hkh pkj lnL; nsj ls vkrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ dtZ ysus ds izLrko ij nks lnL; vkil esa >xM+k djrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ cSBd esa nks lnL; vfu;fer :i ls ½.k okilh djrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ nks&rhu lnL; inkf/kdkfj;ksa ds ckr dk vulquk dj nsrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ var esa cSBd vLr&O;Lr :i esa lekIr gks tkrk gS A

blds ckn izf'k{kd uhps fn;k x;k xkuk dks xkdj lqukrk gS&^^lquks y{eh th] lquks jf'pe th lewg dgkuh lquks cgu th!**

xkus ds ckn izf'k{kd lnL;ksa ls ;g iwNrk gS fd1- jksy&Iys ds ek/;e ls vki fdl fo”k; dks ns[k ldsa\2- jksy&Iys esa lewg dk fLFkfr vLr&O;Lr D;ksa gS\3- bl vLr&O;Lr lewg dks Bhd gksus ds fy, D;k djuk pkfg,\

iQSflyhVsVj dks visf{kr mÙkj tkuus ds ckn fuEufyf[kr phtksa dks tksM+dj O;k[;k djuh pkfg,lewg dk lapkyu] vkfFkZd ,oa vU; xfrfof/k;ka fdlh ds mij fuHkZj ugha gks dj Lora=k :ils fodkl dh vkSj vkxs c<+us esa rF; lewg esa fLFkjrk vkus ds fy, fu;e t:jh gksrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ fu;e ds izdkjizf'k{k.k dk rjhdk& y?kq lewg ifjppkZ@vkilh ckrphrizf'k{kd lnL;ksa ls ifjppkZ ds nkSjku tks visf{kr fopkj vkrk gS mlesa fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa dkstksM+dj le>kuk pkfg,&

iz'u&1- lewg ds fLFkj gksus ds D;k fu;e gksus pkfg,\

izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj vkus ds ckn fuEufyf[kr va'kksa dks tksM+dj crkuk pkfg,&

1- cSBd ds fu;e

♦♦♦♦♦cSBd dh vof/k¼lkIrkfgd@ekfld½

♦♦♦♦♦fnu@rkjh[k dk fu/kkZj.k

♦♦♦♦♦ le; dk fu/kkZj.k¼’kke ;k jkr dk le; T;knk mi;ksxh gks ldrk gS½

♦♦♦♦♦ LFkku dk fu/kkZj.k¼fofHkUu lnL;ksa ds ?kj esa ,d&,d dj gks rks T;knk vPNk gks½

2- gkftjh ds fu;e

♦♦♦♦♦ nsj ls vkus ij naM

♦♦♦♦♦vuqifLFkr gksus ij naM

♦♦♦♦♦cSBd dks chp esa NksM+dj tkus okyh lnL; ij naM ;k dkjZokbZ

♦♦♦♦♦ igys ls lwpuk nsdj cSBd esa ugha vkus okys lnL; dh O;oLFkk

3- cpr ls lacaf/kr fu;e

♦♦♦♦♦cpr dh vof/ (ekfld@lkIrkfgd)

♦♦♦♦♦cpr dh jde

♦♦♦♦♦cpr ugha djus ij naM

4- dtZ ds fu;e&

♦♦♦♦♦ C;kt dh nj

♦♦♦♦♦ fd'rksa dk fu/kkZj.k

♦♦♦♦♦vf/dre fd'rksa dh la[;k

♦♦♦♦♦ fd'r ugha tek djus ij naM

5- [kkrk&cgh ds ys[ku ls lacaf/kr fu;e&

♦♦♦♦♦ cqd dhij dk uke

♦♦♦♦♦ ekfld ekuns;

♦♦♦♦♦ cqd dhij dh vuqifLFkfr ij naM

♦♦♦♦♦ ekfld izfronsu rS;kj ugha djus ij naM

♦♦♦♦♦ dkSu lnL; [kkrk&cgh j[ksxh

6- cSad ls ysu&nsu dk fu;e&

♦♦♦♦♦ cSad ls iSlk fudklh&¼inkf/kdkjh½

♦♦♦♦♦ cSad esa iSlk tek&¼dksbZ lnL;½

♦♦♦♦♦ cSad tek esa ;k=k HkÙkk

♦♦♦♦♦ cSad fudklh esa ;k=k HkÙkk

7- usr`Ro ifjorZu ls lacaf/r fu;e&

♦♦♦♦♦ inkf/kdkfj;ksa dk dk;Zdky

8- xzke laxBu esa lewg ds izfrfuf/ dk uke

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

9- gkFk esa tek jkf'k ls lacaf/r fu;e&

♦♦♦♦♦ dks"k dk iSlk fdlds ikl j[kuk gS

♦♦♦♦♦ gkFk esa cph jkf'k dk futh mi;ksx djus ij naM

♦♦♦♦♦ gkFk esa vf/dre jkf'k dh jde

10- vads{k.k ls lacaf/kr fu;e&

♦♦♦♦♦ vkarfjd vads{k.k dh vof/

♦♦♦♦♦ okg~; vads{k.k dh vof/

le>kSrk ugha fd, tkus okys fcanq&1- xkao esa jgus okyh leku lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd fLFkfr okyh efgykvksa dk lewg gksxk2- fu;fer lkIrkfgd cSBd3- cSBd esa xksykdkj cSBuk

4- cSBd dh 'kq:vkr izkFkZuk ls djuk5- lHkh lnL;ksa }kjk viuk&viuk ifjp; nsuk6- cSBd esa rkRdkfyd v/;{k dk pquko7- r; fd, x, fcanq ds vuqlkj ppkZ8- lewg ds lkjs foÙkh; ysu&nsu cSBd esa gksus pkfg,9- fliQZ lewg ds lnL; gh dtZ ysus ds gdnkj gSa10- lHkh rjg ds dtZ ij ,d leku C;kt11- lewg ds vius dks"k ls fn, tkus okys ekuns; ij ,d cqd dhij dks j[kuk12- lkjs [kkrs&cgh dks cSBd esa gh fy[kuk13- ,d fuf'pr varjky ij inkf/dkfj;ksa dk cnyko

lewg ds fu;eksa dks r; djukrjhdk& cM+s lewg ifjppkZifjppkZ ds ckn izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa esa fuEufyf[kr loky iwNus pkfg,&1- lewg dk fu;e dkSu r; djrk gS\2- fu;e dc\3- fu;e dSls\4- lewg ds fu;e dc cnys tk ldrs gSa\

lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj ikus ds ckn izf'k{kd dks fuEu fcanqvksa ds vk/kkj ij vkSj O;k[;k djukpkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ fu;e lnL;ksa ds }kjk cuk, tkus pkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ vko’;drk ds vk/kkj ij fu;e cuk, tk ldrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ fu;e cukus esa lHkh lnL; dks Hkkx ysuk pkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ fu;e O;kogkfjd gksus pkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ fu;e lewg ds mn~ns'; dh izkfIr esa enn djus ;ksX; gksus pkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg dh vk;q] voLFkk] 'krZ vkfn ds vuqlkj fu;e esa ifjorZu fd, tk ldrs gSa A

fu;e dks ykxw djus esa vkus&okys leL;krjhdk&cMs+ lewg ifjppkZizf'k{kd dks pkVZ fn[kkdj fuEukafdr iz'u iwNuk pkfg, A

iz'u&1- bl pkVZ ls vkius D;k lh[kk\2- D;k ;g lewg ds fu;e ls lacaf/r gS\

lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj tkuus ds ckn izf’k{kd dks fuEu fcanq tksM+dj le>kuk pkfg,&1- dqN lnL; vius LokFkZ dh otg ls fu;e dk mYya?ku djrk gS A2- lnL; ,d&nwljs ls rqyuk djrs gSa A

fu;e ds vuqikyu esa vkus okyh leL;k1- dqN lnL; nwljs dk mnkgj.k nsdj Hkh fu;e dk mYya?ku djrs gSa A2- le;≤ ij fu;e dk nqgjko ugha gksus ls A

lek/kku1- lewg ds fu;e dks le;≤ ij lkewfgd :i ls nqgjk;k tkuk pkfg, A2- fu;e ds ikyu esa lekurk jguk A

fu;e ds vuqikyu esa lnL;ksa ,oa inkf/dkfj;ksa Hkwfedk&rjhdk& cM+s lewg ifjppkZifjppkZ ds ckn izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls fuEufyf[kr loky iwNus pkfg,&

iz'u&1- fu;eksa ds vuqikyu esa lnL;ksa dh D;k Hkwfedk gS\2- vkSj inkf/dkfj;ksa dh Hkwfedk D;k gS\

lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj vkus ds ckn izf'k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr va'k tksM+dj le>kuk pkfg,&lnL;ksa dh ftEesokjh1- inkf/kdkfj;ksa ds lkFk lg;ksx djuk A2- eu esa dksbZ bZ”;kZ Hkko ugha j[uk pkfg, A3- lgh rjhds ls fu;e dk ikyu djuk pkfg, A4- fu;e dh egÙkk ij tkx:jdrk

inkf/kdkfj;ksa dh ftEesokjh1- inkf/kdkjh dks igys Lo;a fu;e dk ikyu djuk pkfg, A2- fcuk fdlh i{kikr ds fu;e dk ikyu djuk A

3- ;g lqfuf'pr djuk fd lkjs lnL; fu;e dk ikyu djsa A4- fu;e ds mYya?ku ij dkjZokbZ fuf'pr :i esa djuk A5- ckj&ckj lpsr djuk A6- lnL;ksa ds chp izfrLi/kZ dks [kRe djuk A

iqu% izf'k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr loky iwNdj izf'k{k.k lekIr djuk pkfg, &1- fu;e D;k gS\2- gesa fu;e dh t:jr D;ksa gS\3- le>kSrk ugha fd;s tkus okys fcanq D;k gS\4- fdl rjg ds fu;e ls lewg esa fLFkjrk vkrh gS\5- fu;e r; dSls fd, tkrs gSa\6- fu;eksa ds vuqikyu esa lnL;ksa ,oa inkf/kdkfj;ksa dh Hkwfedk\

usrRomn~ns';& 1- lnL;ksa dks usr`Ro ds egRo rFkk izdkj dh tkudkjh nsuk A

♦♦♦♦♦ usr`Ro&(ifjHkk"kk)

♦♦♦♦♦ usr`Ro vko';drk

♦♦♦♦♦ usr`Ro&izdkj

♦♦♦♦♦ vPNs usrk dk xq.k

♦♦♦♦♦ usrk dk pquko

♦♦♦♦♦ usr`Ro dk cnyko

usrk dk dk;Z vkSj tokcnsgh

1- usr`Ro&ifjHkk"kkusr`Ro dk ifjHkk"kk le>kus ds fy, iQSflyhVsVj lnL;ksa dks uhps okys [ksy dks djok,axs A

fof/& Nqik&Nqih [ksy

♦♦♦♦♦ lwpuk

♦♦♦♦♦ iQSflyhVsVj nl lnL;ksa dks vius bPNk ls vkus ds fy, dgsa vkSj :eky ls mUgsa lHkh lnL;ksadks vka[k cka/kus dks dgsa A

♦♦♦♦♦ rc mUgsa pkSdksj vk;rdkj gksdj [kM+k gksus dks dgsa A

♦♦♦♦♦ mudks ikap feuV dk le; nsa A

♦♦♦♦♦ fn;s gq, le; ij lnL; vk;r ds vkdkj ij [kM+s gksus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSa bl dksf'k'kesa ckgj ls ,d ;k nks lnL; mUgsa lykg nsrs gSa blls mUgsa vk;kr cukus esa lqfo/k gksrh gSvkSj var esa oks vk;r cuk Mkyrs gSa A

bl [ksy dks [kRe gksus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj lnL;ksa dks uhps okys iz'u iwNrs gSa A

iz'u&1- bl [ksy ls vki D;k le>sa A2- [ksy esa fdlus lg;ksx fd;k Fkk A

mij okys iz'u dk lek/ku gksus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj dks usr`Ro dk ifjHkk"kk le>kuk pkfg,**lewg ds lHkh lnL;ksa esa leUo; LFkkfir dj funsZf'kr y{; dks izkIr djus ds fy, lgh jkLrsesa ys tkus okys dks usr`Ro dgrs gSa A**

2- usr`Ro&izeq[krkfof/& (ewaxk dk [ksy) (eksrh dk [ksy)& czsuLVksjfeax (fnekxh dljr)

lwpuk&iQSflyhVsVj dks nks cM+k ewaxk dk ekyk ysuh pkfg, rFkk eksrh esa cM+k Nsn okyk gksuk pkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ ekyk dks var esa cka/kuk ugha pkfg,

♦♦♦♦♦ vc ,d lnL; dks cqykdj ekyk ds chp dks idM+okuk pkfg, tc lnL; ekyk ds chp esa idM+sxh rks lHkh eksrh uhps fxj tk;sxk A

♦♦♦♦♦ ,d nwljs lnL; dks cqykdj ekyk ds var esa cka/k fn;k x;k rFkk mls dgk x;k fd vc bls chp ls idM+sa rks ns[kk x;k dh eksrh ugha fxjk D;ksafd oks tqM+k Fkk A

♦♦♦♦♦ fiQj lnL;ksa ls iwNk x;k fd bl [ksy ls D;k le>sa A blds ckn iQSflyhVsVj cksysaxs /kxk dks lewg ds :i esa rFkk eksrh dks lnL; ds :Ik esa rFkk ca/ku dks usrk ds :i esa gksuk pkfg, vxj ca/ku detksj gS rks

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg Hkh detksj gS A vr% ;gka usrk ca/u gh gS A vc [ksy [kRe gksxk A blds ckn usrk dh t:jr lewg dks fdruh gS iwNus ds ckn uhps okys fcanqvksa dks tksM+dj oQSflyhVsVj ds lnL;ksa dks le>kuk pkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg ds dke esa lg;ksx djrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL;ksa ds vanj ,drk ykrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ lHkh lnL;ksa dks lewg dh dke esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, izsfjr djrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ ckgjh laLFkkvksa ls vPNs laca/ LFkkfir djrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg dks vkxs ys tkus ds fy, A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg ds fu;e ikyu djokus ds fy, A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg ds rjQ ls izfrosnu izLrqr djuk A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg ds lius dks rS;kj djuk A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg esa iztkrkaf=kd fu.kZ; gksus vkSj iwjk djus ds fy, A

♦♦♦♦♦ vkikrdky esa Lo;a fu.kZ; ysuk A

♦♦♦♦♦ ijs'kkfu;ksa dk funku djus ds fy, A

3- usr`Ro ds izdkjfof/& cMs+ lewg dk ppkZiQSflyhVsVj dks uhps okys pkVZ dks fn[kkuk pkfg, A fiQj bu iz'u dks iwNuk pkfg, A

iz'u %1- bl pkVZ esa vki D;k ns[kas A2- bu pkVZ esa usrk dk vkpj.k

dSlk gS A3- mij ds pkj pkVZ esa vPNk

usr`Ro dkSu ls gSa A

lnL;ksa ls lek/ku vkus ds ckniQSflyhVsVj uhps okys fcanqvksa dkstksM+dj le>kuk pkfg, A

1- fujadq'k usr`Ro

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL;ksa dks Mjkrs gSa

♦♦♦♦♦ viuh ckr euokus ds fy, lnL;ksa ij ncko Mkyrs gSa

♦♦♦♦♦ viuh fu.kZ; dks lnL;ksa ij Fkksirs ;k Mkyrs gSa

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL;ksa dh t:jr rFkk Hkkoukvksa dks egRo ugha nsrs

♦♦♦♦♦ LokFkhZ gksrk gS

♦♦♦♦♦ ?keaMh rFkk vgadkjh gksrk gS

2- uke ek=k dk usrk

♦♦♦♦♦ usrk uke ek= jgrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ mÙkjnkf;Ro ugha ysrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ eq>s D;k iQk;nk gS vkSj eSa D;ksa d:a ,sls lksprs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ fu.kZ; dks ges'kk cnyrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL;ksa dks vius ls uhps ns[krs gSa blfy, mudks dksbZ usrk ugha ekurs A

♦♦♦♦♦ fujk'kkoknh gksrk gSA

3- ijs'kkuh esa Mkyus okyk usr`Ro

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg esa vkil esa yM+rs gSa

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg ds lHkh lnL; vius vki dks usrk ekurs gSa] blls lnL;ksa ds chp vkilh lg;ksx ugha gks ikrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ vPNs usr‘Ro ugha dj ikrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ vkil esa vu&cu gksrk gS A

4- iztkrkaf=kd ;k lgHkkxh usr‘Ro

♦♦♦♦♦ lHkh lnL; ppkZ esa Hkkx ysrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL;ksa ds fopkj vkSj t:jrksa dk vknj djrs gSa A

♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ dksbZ Hksn&Hkko ugha djrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ vkil esa ,d&nwljs dk izksRlkgu djds ubZ usrkvksa dks rS;kj djus esa lgk;rk djrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ iztkrkaf=kd :i ls fu.kZ; ysrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL;ksa ds fuiq.krk dks igpku dj mudks lewg ds fodkl esa mi;ksx djrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ vkn'kZ] mÙkjnk;h] le:i] rFkk etcwr usr`Ro nsrs gSa A

4-1 vPNs usrk dk xq.k&fof/k& cM+k lewg dk ppkZiQSflyhVsVj uhps okys iz'u dks iwNrs gSa A

iz'u&1 usrk esa dSlk y{k.k gksuk pkfg, AlnL;ksa ds lek/kku vkus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj tks uhps okys fcanqvksa dks tksM+dj le>kuk pkfg,

♦♦♦♦♦ lkglh

♦♦♦♦♦ uSfrdrk

♦♦♦♦♦ le:irk

♦♦♦♦♦ Hkkxhnkjh usr‘Ro

♦♦♦♦♦ Ckqf¼thoh

♦♦♦♦♦ Lkewg ds iQk;nk ds fy, dke djuk

♦♦♦♦♦ Lkewg dh tokcnsgh ysuk

♦♦♦♦♦ Lkewg ds ijs'kkfu;ksa dks nwj djus dh {kerk A

♦♦♦♦♦ fo'okl

♦♦♦♦♦ vjktdrk dh {kerk

♦♦♦♦♦ izf'k{k.k esa fuiq.krk

♦♦♦♦♦ ikjnf'kZrk

4-2 lewg esa usr‘Ro dSlk gksuk pkfg, Afof/& f=kdks.k xseizf'k{kd dks uhps fn, x, fp=k dh rjg tehu ij ,d fp=k [khap nsuk pkfg, & tcfd nwljsf=kdks.k esa usrk rks f=dks.k ds vanj jgrs gh gSa lkFk gh lkjs lnL; Hkh f=kHkqt ds vanj vk tkrsgSa A(bl [ksy dks iwjk gksus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj uhps okys fcanq dks iwNrs gSa A

iz'u& igys vkSj nwljs fp=k ds usr`Ro esa dSlh fofHkUurk gS AlnL;ksa ls lek/kku vkus ds ckn uhps okys fcanqvksa dks tksM+dj le>kuk pkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ vPNh usrk lHkh lnL;ksa dks vkxs ys tkrs gSa A lkFk gh nwljksa dks Hkh usrk cuus ds fy, ekSdknsrs gSa A

usrk dk pquko%fof/&jksy&Iyslwpuk10&15 lnL;ksa dks rhu xqzi esa ckaV nsrs gSa A izFke xzqi ,d usrk dks pqurs gSa ftuesa usrk gksus dsy{k.k ik;s tkrs gSa A blh izdkj 'ks"k nksuksa xqzi ,d&,d usrk pqurs gSa A mu rhuksa usrk dks ,dlkFk cSBk;k tkrk gS A mlds ckn mu rhuksa dks xq.k ds vk/kkj ij ‘ks”k lnL; v/;{k] lfpovkSj dks"kk/;{k mu rhuksa esa ls fu;qDr djrs gSa A

usr`Ro dk cnyko&fof/& cM+k lewg ppkZ czsuLVksjfeaxiQSflyhVsVj lnL;ksa ls uhps okys iz'u iwNuk pkfg, A

iz'u&1- lewg esa usr`Ro D;ksa cnyuk pkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL;ksa ls lek/kku vkus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj uhps okys fcanqvksa dks tksM+dj lnL;ksa dksle>kuk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ u;s lnL;ksa dks volj feyrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ mÙknkf;Ro ckaVus dk ekSdk feyrk gS AmÙknkf;Ro ckaVus dk ekSdk feyrk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg dks vPNs pyus dk volj feyrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ lHkh dks leku volj feyrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ nks o”kksZa esa usrk dk cnyko gksuk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ usrk ds cnyko gksus ls lewg esa ikjnf’kZrk c<+rk gS A

usrk vkSj lnL;ksa dh Hkwfedk vkSj mÙkjnkf;Ro&fof/& NksVk lewg ifjppkZ] pkVZ(iQSflyhVsVj dks uhps ds fp=k dks fn[kkdj iz'u iwNuk gS A)

iz'u&1- igys pkVZ esa vkius D;k ns[kk\2- nwljs pkVZ esa vkius D;k ns[kk\3- rhljs pkVZ esa vkius D;k ns[kk\4- mij ds rhuksa pkVZ esa ls fdl pkVZ ds

rjhds dks vki vius lewg esaviuk,axs A

inkf/dkfj;ksa ds ftEesokjh&1- fu;fefr cSBd dh O;oLFkk djuk A2- lnL;ksa dks fu;fer cpr ,oa fu;fer okilh djokuk A3- nks"kh lnL;ksa ij dkjZokbZ djuk A4- lnL;ksa ,oa inkf/dkfj;ksa ds chp ikjLifjd laca/ cuk, j[kuk A

5 izLrko ds vuqlkj lewg ds [kkrk cgh dks laHkky dj j[kuk A6- izLrko ds vuqlkj cSad ls jde dh tek&fudklh djuk A7- Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa ds izf’k{k.k dh t:jrksa dks ns[kuk A8- [kkrk cgh dk ,d fuf’pr varjky ij vads{k.k djuk A9- lewg ds izLrko ds vuqlkj nwljs laLFkkvksa] cSad] ljdkjh inkf/kdkfj;ksa vkfn ls laidZ cuk,

j[kuk A 10- mu lnL;ksa ij dkjZokbZ djuk tksfd fu;e dk ikyu ugha djrh gS A lnL;ksa ds ftEesokjh&

1- lewg dh cSBdksa esa fu;fer :i ls Hkkx ysuk A2- lewg ds fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk A3- lewg dh ifjppkZ esa Hkkx ysuk A4- cpr ,oa dtZ dk lgh le; ij tek djuk A

5- izf'k{k.k dk;Zdze esa Hkkx ysuk A6- vius O;fDrxr cpr ikl cqd dks fu;fer :i ls Hkjokuk A7- lekftd dk;Zokfg;ksa esa Hkkx ysuk A8- lewg esa ,drk ,oa vuq'kklu cuk, j[kus esa enn djuk A9- fcuk fdlh fgpfdpkgV ds lewg }kjk nh x;h ftEesokjh dks mBkus ds fy, rS;kj jguk

izf'k{kqvksa ls ckphr djus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj dks fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwNuk pkfg,&1- usr`Ro D;k gS\2- lewg esa usr`Ro dh vko';drk D;k gS\3- usr`Ro ds fdrus izdkj gksrs gSa\4- vPNs usrk ds D;k xq.k ;k y{k.k gksrs gSa\5- usrk vkSj lnL;ksa dh D;k&D;k ftEesokfj;ka gSa\

jLlh xse&(iQSflyhVsVj dks lkekftd [ksy okys fdrkc ls ysdj bl xse dks djokuk pkfg, )

` lewg esa fu.kZ; ysus dh izfdz;k

fo"k;&1- fu.kZ; dk eryc D;k gS\2- fu.kZ; ysus dh t:jr D;k gS\3- fu.kZ; ysus dh fof/k D;k gS\4- fu.kZ; dSls] dc vkSj dgka ysuk pkfg, \5- fu.kZ; ysus ls iwoZ D;k&D;k lko/kfu;ka j[kuh pkfg, \6- fu.kZ; dk vey (ykxw) dSls fd;k tkuk pkfg,\

izf'k{k.k lkexzh&pkVZl isij] ekdZl] fiQfyi pkVZllh[kus dh izfdz;k ,oa fof/&& fu.kZ; dk eryc D;k gS\

fof/&fiQfyi pkVZ fn[kuk] jksy&Iys djuk ,oa cM+s lewg dh ifjppkZ djuk

cktkj

Fkksd foØsrk cktkj lnL; cktkj (lkIrkfgd)gkV

lCth cktkj

izf'k{kd dks mijksDr fp=k fn[kkus ds ckn lnL;ksa ls fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwNus pkfg, A1- vxj vki vius [ksr esa lCth dh [ksrh djrs gSa rks bls dgka csprs gSa\

1- lnL;ksa dk tokc gks ldrk gS fd]eSa bls ikl ds cktkj esa csprh gwa ;k ?kj&?kj esa tkdj csprh gwa ;k geus vHkh rd dqN ughalkspk gS] iqu% izf'k{kd muls iwNrk gS vxj vki viuh lCth cspus ds ckjs esa dqN lksprh gSrks vki bls D;k dgsaxh\lnL; ls visf{kr mÙkj vkus ds ckn izf'k{kd ;g O;k[;k djrk gS fd ;g fu.kZ; izfdz;k gS A

fu.kZ; dh ifjHkk"kk& dqN dke djus ls igys Bhd rjhds ls lkspuk vkSj mlls ykHk&gkfu dkfopkj djds fofo/ lek/kuksa esa ls ,d ek=k lek/ku dks pquuk gh fu.kZ; gS A

2- fu.kZ; t:jh& izf’k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls cM+s lewg ifjppkZ ds nkSjku fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwNdjmldh visf{kr mÙkj tkuus ds ckn mldh O;k[;k djuh pkfg, A

egRoiw.kZ iz'u&1& dkSu&dkSu lh phtksa ij ge fu.kZ; djrs gSa\

visf{kr mÙkj& ?kj dh phtksa ij& [ksrh ds phtksa ij& lewg esa& cSBd esa& xkao esa& fookn (>xM+k) esa

lnL;ksa ls fopkj tkuus ds ckn izf'k{kd dks fdlh ,d efgyk ls mlds ,d iwjs fnu esa fy,x, fu.kZ; ds ckjs esa iwNuk pkfg, mlds ckn izf'k{kd dks nSfud xfrfof/k;ksa esa fu.kZ; izfdz;kds egRo dh O;k[;k djuh pkfg, A

fu.kZ; ysus dh fof/&fof/& jksy&Iys@ysDpjizf'k{kd dks funsZ'k& fu.kZ; ysus dh fof/ esa jksy&Iys vkSj ysDpj ns ldrs gSa A

1- t:jr ds vuqlkj izf'k{kd dks izf'k{k.k dh lgh fof/k pqu ysuk A2- izf’k{kd dks lnL;ksa dh ethZ ls vkxs cqykdj vyx&vyx fof/ esa fu.kZ; djus dks jksy&Iys ds }kjk crkuk A cM+s lewg esa jksy&Iys ds }kjk izf'k{kd dks /;ku ls ns[kdj vyx&vyx fof/ esa vPNs vkSj cqjs le> ds fy, cksyuk] jksy&Iys gksus ds ckn lnL;ksa }kjk mu fcanqvksa ds mij ifjppkZ djds lcdks le> esa vk;k dh ugha ;g iwNuk pkfg, A

3-1 vpkud fu.kZ;& lewg esa ,d ,slh fLFkfr tc lnL;ksa dks vpkud fu.kZ; ysus dks ghvpkud fu.kZ; dgrs gSa A mnkgj.k& ,d rkykc esa ,d iRFkj Mkysa rks iRFkj vpkudMwc tk,xk A oSlh gh lewg esa lnL;ksa ls fcuk iwNs vpkud vkSj rqjar fu.kZ; djuk vkSj,slk fu.kZ; djus okys usrk dks lewg esa dksbZ ugha ekurs gSSa A

3-2 Lo;a dk fu.kZ;& lewg esa ,d lnL; Lo;a fu.kZ; ysrh gS vkSj fdlh ls ugha iwNrhgS A mnkgj.k&

1- bl eghus ls ge lHkh feydj xyh dh lkQ&lQkbZ ds ckjs esa ppkZ djsaxs A2- lewg ds lnL; gQ~rs esa ,d&,d o‘{kkjksi.k djsaxs A3- bl eghus ls lewg dk iwjk cpr cSad esa tek djsaxs A

3-3 nks lnL;ksa dk fu.kZ;&

♦♦♦♦♦lewg esa dsoy nks lnL; gh fu.kZ; ysrh gS A

♦♦♦♦♦;g fu.kZ; lewg dh lkjh lnL;ksa dks ekU; gksxk ;k ugha] ;g ugha lksprk gS A

3-4 vYi lnL;ksa dk fy;k x;k fu.kZ;&lewg esa vxj 12 lnL; gSa rks 4 lnL;ksa ;k 5 lnL;ksa dk fy;k x;k fu.kZ; vYi lnL;ksadk fu.kZ; dgykrk gS A

3-5 cgqla[;d lnL;ksa dk fu.kZ;& ,d lewg esa ;fn 12 lnL; gSa rks 6 ls vf/kd lnL;ksadk fu.kZ; cgqla[; lnL;ksa dk fu.kZ; dgrs gSa A

3-6 loZlEefr ls fy;k x;k fu.kZ;& lewg esa 12 lnL; gSa vkSj lHkh us feydj ,dfo"k; ij fu.kZ; fy;k rks bls loZlEefr ls fy;k x;k fu.kZ; dgrs gSa Alewg esa fu.kZ; ysuk cgqr t:jh gS] D;ksafd lewg ds mn~ns'; rd igaqpus ds fy, lnL;ksadh lgefr ,oa enn vko’;d gS A loZlEefr ls fy;k x;k fu.kZ; vPNk gS o loZekU;jgrk gS A

izf'k{kd dks lq>ko& vHkh rd ge yksxksa us fu.kZ; ds fofHkUu fof/;ksa dks tku pqdsgSa] ;g fu.kZ; vius vki esa vPNk gS A vyx&vyx ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vyx&vyx fu.kZ;ysuk gksrk gS ,d gh fu.kZ; ugha djuk pkfg, A lewg esa cpr djuk] dtZ ysuk] dtZdh okilh] lewg esa fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk] lkjs cgh [kkrksa dk fy[kk tkuk] vkSj lewgds Hkfo"; ds ckjs esa ;kstuk cukuk vkSj ;kstuk cukdj vius lewg esa ykxw djuk bu lkjsij loZlEefr ls fu.kZ; ysuk cgqr gh vko';d gS A blds ckjs esa lkjs lnL;ksa dks crkukHkh t:jh gS A

4- fu.kZ; dSls] dc vkSj dgka ysuk pkfg,\fof/& dgkuh dguk@ysDpj@ppkZizf'k{kd dks lq>ko& ftl izdkj pkj va/ks O;fDr ,d gkFkh dks Li¼kZ dj vius&viusrjhds ls mldh O;k[;k djrs gSa mlh izdkj lewg dh lnL; vius&vius rjhds lsfu.kZ; vkSj O;k[;k djrh gSa rks ;g O;k[;k loZekU; ugha gksrh gS A lewg esa ge lgho loZekU; fu.kZ; bl izdkj ys ldrs gSa A

4-1 lgh le; ij fu.kZ; ysuk&,d rkykc esa rhu efgyk,a eanefr] dykefr vkSj cqf¼efr jgrh Fkh] ;s rhuksa rkykc esa vkuanls thou&;kiu dj jgh Fkh A xehZ ds ekSle esa tc ml rkykc dk ikuh lq[kus yxk ,d fnurkykc ds fdukjs eqNqvkjs vkil esa ckr dj jgs Fks mudh ckrksa dks cqf¼efr lqu ysrh gS vkSjcqf¼erh tYnh tkdj eanefr vkSj dykefr dks ;s ckrsa crkrh gS fd dy eNqvkjk vk,xk vkSjge lHkh dks idM+ ysuk A vr% vkt jkr gh ge lHkh dks ;g rkykc NksM+ nsuk gS A nwljs rkykcesa pys tkuk gS A cqf¼efr dh ckrksa dks dykefr ,oa eanefr /;ku ugha nsrh gS A cqf¼efr mljkr gh ml rkykc dks NksM+dj vU;= nwljs rkykc esa pyh tkrh gS A nwljs gh fnu eNqvkjk eNyhidM+us vk tkrk gS A tky esa eanefr Qal tkrh gS] idM+h tkrh gS A dykefr tky esa Qalrh gS]fdarq rqjar dwn dj rkykc esa pyh tkrh gS A cqf¼efr Bhd le; ij fu.kZ; fy;k oks rkykcls nwljs rkykc esa pyh x;h A dykefr Hkh Qals tky ls Nykax yxkdj rkykc esa dwn x;h FkksM+le; ds fy, fu.kZ; lgh fy;k] fdarq eanefr us fu.kZ; ugha fy;k] idM+h xbZ Aizf'k{kd dks bl dgkuh ds vk/kj ij lewg ds lnL;ksa ls fuEu loky iwNuk pkfg,&

1- fdruh eNfy;ka rkykc esa jgrh Fkha\2- eanefr D;ksa idM+h x;h\3- vxj cqf¼efr lgh le; ij fu.kZ; ugha ysrh rks D;k gksrk\

izf'k{kd dks mijksDr iz'u dks iwNrs gq, visf{kr mÙkj ikdj uhps fn, x, fuEu fcanqvksadks tksM+dj crkuk pkfg, A1- fu.kZ; lgh le; ij ysuk pkfg, A2- lewg esa ckrksa dks /;ku ls lquuk pkfg, A3- lewg esa ckrksa dks vPNh&vPNh tkudkjh ysuk pkfg, A4- fu.kZ; ysus esa lcdh lgefr gksuh pkfg, A5- lksp&fopkj dj fu.kZ; ysuk pkfg, A

fu.kZ; ysuk dSls&fof/&dgkuh dguk

dgkuh &ikoZrh nsoh vius ifr eukst ikloku ,oa viuh bdykSrh cPph iq"ik ds lkFk ,d xkao esa jgrhFkh A mlus vius ?kj esa ,d usoyk iky j[kk Fk A ikoZrh nsoh ,oa eukst ikloku etnwjh dkdke djus pys tkrs A ,oa usoyk muds 3 lky dh cPph ds lkFk ?kj ij jgrk A ,d fnu tcnksuksa ifr&iRuh etnwjh djus x, Fks rHkh ,d lkai ogka vk x;k A lkai tSls gh ?kj esa ?kqlk rksusoys ls cPph dh j{kk djus ds fy, mls ekj Mkyk A usoys ds eqag ij [kwu yx x;k A 'kkedks tc ikoZrh nsoh dke ls ykSVh vkSj usoys ds eqag ij [kwu yxk ik;k rks mls yxk fd usoysus mldh cPph dks ekj Mkyk A vkSj ;gh lkspdj mlus usoys dks mlh le; ekj fn;k A cknesa tc og vanj x;h vkSj vlfy;r ekywe gqvk rks mls cgqr iNrkok gqvk Aizf'k{kd dks mij dh dgkuh dgus ds ckn lnL;ksa ls uhps fn;k x;k iz'u iwNuk pkfg, A

iz'u&1- ikoZrh nsoh ,oa eukst ikloku fdls I;kj djrs gSa\2- ikoZrh nsoh usoyk ds eqag esa [kwu ns[kdj D;k lksph\3- ikoZrh nsoh D;k ns[kdj nq%[kh gqbZ\

visf{kr tokc1- fu.kZ; ysus ds le; lkspuk pkfg,2- fu.kZ; dk fo'ys"k.k djds mfpr fu.kZ; ysuk

3- fu.kZ; esa fdlh izdkj dh ‘kadk ugha j[kuk ,oa n`<+ gksdj ysuk4- lksp&le>dj fu.kZ; ysuk 5- fu.kZ; *dgka* vkSj *dSls* ysuk

fo/ku& jkmaM jkWchuizf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa dks uhps fn;k x;k iz'u iwNuk pkfg,&

iz'u1- fu.kZ; dSls ysuk lgh gksrk gS\2- fu.kZ; dSls ysuk pkfg,\

visf{kr tokc&1- fu.kZ; lewg ds cSBd ds vanj ysuk2- fu.kZ; loZlEefr ls ysuk3- fu.kZ; lnL;ksa dh vuqifLFkfr esa ysuk iM+s rks bldk dkj.k lewg dh lHkh lnL;kvksa dks crkuk4- fu.kZ; vdsys ugha ysuk

& vkil esa ysu&nsu& dtZ

5- vxj fu.kZ; ysuk iM+s rks dqN ckrsa /;ku j[kuk A

2- izf'k{kd fu.kZ; ysus esa tkx:d djus gsrq ,d dgkuh f'kf{krksa dks dguk A

fo/ku& dgkuh dguk A,d taxy esa nks fcfYy;ka jgrh Fkha A ,d fnu mUgsa ,d jksVh feyk A jksVh ds caVokjs ds fy,nksuksa fcfYy;ka >xM+us yxha A rHkh ogka ,d canj vk;k A mlus fcfYy;ksa dks >xM+rs ns[kk A ogfcfYy;ksa ds chp rjktw ysdj x;k vkSj cksyk **eSa rjktw ij rksy dj rqe nksuksa ds chp jksVhcjkcj ckaV nsrk gwa A fcfYy;ka rS;kj gks x;h A rjktw esa jksVh ds VqdM+s j[ks gq, canj us jksVh dksrksyuk ‘kq: fd;k A ft/kj Hkh rjktw >qdrk canj m/kj jksVh dk FkksM+k&lk VqdM+k [kk ysrk Abl rjg djrs gq, canj iwjh jksVh [kk x;k A vkSj fcfYy;ka Hkw[kh jg x;ha A vkSj canj us nksuksa dschp ds >xM+s dk iQk;nk mBk;k A

izf'k{kd dks dgkuh dgus ds ckn uhps fy[ks iz'uksa dks iwNuk pkfg,&

i'’u&1- canj D;k fd;k\2- fu.kZ; ysus ds le; esa ckgj ds yksxksa dks 'kkfey djus dk D;k ifj.kke gksxk\3- ;g dgkuh lquus ds ckn vkius D;k lh[kk\

visf{kr tokc&1- fu.kZ; ysus ds igys lkspuk pkfg,2- fu.kZ; Lo;a lksp&le>dj ysuk pkfg,3- fu.kZ; ysus esa ckgjh yksxksa dks 'kfey ugha djuk4- fu.kZ; ysus esa gM+cM+h u djuk5- lcdk mn~ns'; le>dj fu.kZ; ysuk6- fu.kZ; ysdj mls viukus dk rjhdk

fo/ku& ukVdizf'k{kd dks fy, gq, fu.kZ; dks vuqJoj.k djus ds ckjs esa f'kf{krksa dks crkuk A

jksy&Iys ds fo"k; esa lewg esa ppkZ djuk Ajksy&Iys& ,d lnL;k lewg dh fiNys cSBd esa ugha vk;h ,oa bl cSBd esa nsj ls vk;h A lewgdh lnL;kvksa us tc mlls dkj.k iwNk A ckn esa lewg dh lnL;kvksa us fu.kZ; fy;k fd gjlnL; dks lgh le; ij vkuk pkfg, ,oa nsj ls vkus okys dks naM nsuk gksxk A bl fu.kZ; dsckn lHkh le; ij vkus yxha Af'k{kd dks jksy&Iys esa mijksDr visf{kr tokc ij /;ku nsuk gS A;g jksy&Iys 15 feuV esa djus ds ckn iz'u iwNuk pkfg,&

iz'u&1- cSBd esa dkSu lgh le; ij ugha vk;k\2- lHkh yksx feydj fu.kZ; fy, ;k ugh\3- tks yksx cSBd esa lgh le; ij ugh vk, muds lkFk lnL;kvksa us D;k fd;k \

visf{kr tokc&1- lewg esa fu.kZ; feydj ysuk2- lewg esa fu.kZ; ysus esa lHkh lnL;kvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh t:jh gS

3- fu.kZ; ysus ds igys ppkZ ,oa fo'ys"k.k djuk4- lewg esa fy, x, fu.kZ; dks lHkh lnL;kvksa dks vkpj.k esa ykuk5- lkFk esa fu.kZ; ysus ,oa vkpj.k esa ykus ls lewg esa ijLij fo'okl dk c<+uk A6- ikjnf'kZrk] Hkwfedk ,oa ftEesnkjh c<+ tk,xh

fu.kZ; ysus ls lewg dk vkRefo'okl c<+rk A

Lo;a lgk;rk lewg&foÙkh; izca/

mn~~ns';& Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ds lnL;ksa esa lewg ds foÙkh; izca/ dh izfdz;k] fnDdrsa ,oaleL;k ds lek/kku ds izfr tkx:drk mRiUUk djuk A

rF;@fo"k;1- Lo;a lgk;rk lewg lsok,a2- cpr3- dtZ4- Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ds vkenuh ,oa [kpZ5- Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk dks”k6- lewg ds dks"k dk lgh mi;ksx7- lewg ds ykHk ij fu.kZ; izfdz;k

izf'k{k.k lkexzh1- cPpksa ds cSad ds :i;s2- pkVZ3- ekdZj

izf'k{k.k dk rjhdkjksy&Iys] xse] xkuk] fiNys izf'k{k.k dk fjdSi1- Lo;a lgk;rk lewg lsok,a2- cpr izca/

izf'k{k.k dk rjhdkcM+s lewg ifjppkZ] ysDpj] ohfM;ks] iz'ku&mÙkj] fjax ,oa flDdk dk xse AiQSflyhVsVj dks mijksDr rjhdk iz;ksx djus dk funsZ'k&

iz'u&1- lewg esa fdrus izdkj ds cpr fd, tkrs gSa\2- lewg esa cpr dgka fd;k tkrk gS\3- lewg esa cpr ugha djus ij D;k fu;e jgrs gSa\4- [kkrk&cgh esa cpr dgka fy[kk tkrk gS\

iQSflyhVsVj dks lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj tkuus ds ckn fuEu rjg ls O;k[;k djukpkfg,&1- Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ds fy, *cpr* lcls igyk egRoiw.kZ dk;Z gS A2- lnL;ksa dks viuk cpr lewg dh cSBd esa vkdj tek djuk pkfg, vkSj fu;fer djuk pkfg, A3- lnL;ksa dks viuk cpr tek djkrs le; inkf/kdkfj;ksa ls vius O;fDrxr ikl cqd ij fy[kok ysuk pkfg, A4- cqd dhij dks lnL;ksa }kjk fd, x, cpr dks lewg ds [kkrs tSls & cpr cgh] dk;Zokgh cgh vkSj O;fDrxr ikl cqd ij fy[k nsuk pkfg, A5- vxj dksbZ lnL; fiNys cSBd esa cpr tek ugha dj ikrh gS rks mldks lewg ds fu;e ds vuqlkj naM lfgr cpr tek djuk pkfg, A6- lnL;ksa dks O;fDrxr ikl cqd dks vius ikl j[kuk pkfg, vkSj bls lewg dh cSBd esa ysdj vkuk pkfg, A7- fdlh Hkh lnL; }kjk cpr cSBd ds ckgj ugha tek djuk pkfg, A

dsl LVMhukyank ftys ds iksvkjh xkao esa 10 Lo;a lgk;rk lewg gSa A buesa Hkokuh lewg dh v/;{k lkjksnsoh gSa A ;g lewg 15 lnL;ksa ds lkFk ,d lky igys cuk gS A lewg ds lnL; inkf/dkfj;ksa,oa lkeqnkf;d mRizsjd ds yxkrkj lykg ds ckotwn lewg dh cSBdksa esa fu;fer :i ls Hkkxugha ysrs gSa A v/;{k lnL;ksa ds ?kj&?kj tkdj cpr tek djrh gS ;k fQj dksbZ lnL; viusle;kuqlkj v/;{k ds ?kj esa gh tkdj iSlk tek dj vkrh gS A cSBd dk dksbZ fnu ,oa le;,oa LFkku r; ugha gS A dHkh&dHkh rks lnL; rhu&pkj lIrkg dk ,d ckj tek djrh gS At:jr ds le; dbZ ckj lkjks nsoh us lnL;ksa dh cpr dh jde dks vius futh dke ds fy,iz;ksx fd;k gS A /hjs&/hjs ;g ckr lnL;ksa dh tkudkjh esa vk tkrh gS vkSj os yksx lkjks nsohls iwNrh gSa fd muds cpr ds jde ,oa mlds C;kt dk fglkc gks A pwafd lewg esa dksbZ[kkrk&cgh dk ys[ku ugha gks jgk Fkk A blfy, lkjks nsoh us cpr ykSVkus ls euk dj fn;k Alkjh lnL; mlls yM+kbZ djus yxh vkSj varr% lewg VwV x;k Adsl LVMh ds [kRe gksus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj dks izf'k{kqvksa ls fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwNuk pkfg,&

1- lkjks nsoh cpr dSls tek fd;k djrh Fkh\2- lewg dh lnL; cpr djus gsrq D;k&D;k vknr Mky yh Fkh \3- D;k lnL;ksa dks cpr okil feyk\4- lewg dk var esa D;k gqvk\

lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj tkuus ds ckn QSflyhVsVj dks fuEu rjhds ls O;k[;k djuk pkfg, Alehdj.k%&cpr izca/& leL;k&lek/ku

1- leL;k& lnL;kas ds }kjk fu;fer cpr ugha fd;k tkuk Alek/ku& lewg esa cpr ls lacaf/r fu;e cuk, tkus pkfg, vkSj naM dk izko/kudjuk pkfg, A

2- leL;k& lnL;ksa ds }kjk cpr tek djus esa vliQy gksus ds ckn Hkh naM ugha nsuk A

lek/ku& lewg dks nks”kh lnL; dks nks&rhu ckj psrkuk pkfg, A vxj blds ckn Hkhog ugha ekurh gS rks ml lnL; dh lewg ls lnL;rk [kRe dj nsuh pkfg, A

3- leL;k& lnL; rhu&pkj lIrkg dk cpr ,d ckj tek djrs gSa A bls [kkrk&cgh esadSls fy[ksa \lek/ku& lnL; ftl cSBd esa fiNys rhu&pkj lIrkg dk cpr tek djrk gS A cqddhij dks mlh cSBd dh frfFk esa [kkrk&cgh esa fy[kuk pkfg, A bls fd'rokj ughafy[kuk pkfg, A blls lewg esa xyrh gks tkrh gS A

4- leL;k& dksbZ lnL; lewg dh cSBd esa vkuk NksM+ nsrh gS Alek/kku& lewg ds cuk, x, fu;e ds vuqlkj lewg dks ml lnL; dks 3 eghus dkle; nsuk pkfg, A vxj blds ckn Hkh og lewg esa ugha vkrh gS rks mlds dqycpr+C;kt dks ykSVkdj mldh lnL;rk [kRe dj nsuh pkfg, A

5- leL;k& lewg ds lnL;ksa ds ikl cqd esa cpr esa xyfr;ka ik;k tkuk Alek/ku& cpr cgh ,oa dk;Zokgh cgh dks ns[kdj fglkc feyk nsuk ,oa ;g lykgnsuk fd izR;sd rhu ekg ij [kkrk cgh dk vads{k.k fd;k tk; A

iQSflyhVsVj dks lnL;ksa ls cpr ij C;kt laca/h iz'u iwNuk pkfg, vkSj visf{kr mÙkj ds cknfuEu rjg ls O;k[;k djuh pkfg, A

lnL;ksa ds cpr ij C;kt nsus dk fu;e&

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg dks lnL;ksa dks muds cpr ij okf”kZd vk/kj ij C;kt nsuk pkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg dks lnL;ksa dks muds cpr ij C;kt bruk nsuk pkfg, fd og cSad [kkrs ds C;kt ls de ugha gks vkSj vkarfjd dtZ dh C;kt nj ls vf/kd gks A

♦♦♦♦♦ vxj lewg lnL;ksa dks muds cpr ij C;kt nsrh gS A lnL;ksa dks vkSj cpr djus gsrq izksRlkgu feyrk gS vkSj bl rjg lewg dk dks”k c<+rk gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ vxj lnL; T;knk cpr tek djrs gSa rks mUgsa Hkh vkarfjd dtZ dh jde T;knk feyrh gS

fjax vkSj flDds dk [ksy&(iQSflyhVsVj dks fjax vkSj flDds dk [ksy [ksyokuk pkfg, tksfd lkekftd [ksy okys fdrkcls ys ldrs gSa)

½.k izca/&1- (iQSflyhVsVj dks funsZ'k)(iQSflyhVsVj dks lnL;ksa ls iz'u iwNuk pkfg, vkSj muls tokc ysuk pkfg,)iz'u&1- lewg ds cpr dks lnL; D;k mi;ksx djsaxs A2- lnL;ksa dks D;k t:jr gS A(bu iz'uksa dk mÙkj ysus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj dks fuEukafdr jksy Iys djuk pkfg,)

jksy&Iys1- lnL;ksa esa ls 10&12 yksxksa dks pqudj ,d lewg dk cSBd djok,a A2- bl cSBd esa pkj efgyk,a vyx&vyx mn~ns';ksa ds fy, dtZ ekaxrs gSa A3- ckdh lnL; ,oa inkf/kdkjh pkjksa efgykvksa ls dtZ ysus ds mn~ns';] mi;ksx dk rjhdk]

okilh dk rjhdk vkfn iwN dj ,d lnL; dks dtZ ugha nsus dk iQSlyk djrh gS D;ksafdog lewg ds fu;eksa dk ikyu ugha dj jgh gS A

4- lewg ftu 3 lnL;ksa dks dtZ nsus dk QSlyk djrh gS muls 'kiFk&i=k ys ysrh gS vkSj blhcsBd esa dtkZ ns nsrh gS A lkFk gh lewg dh inkf/dkjh mu rhuksa dks ;g le>krh gSfd bl dtZ dk mi;ksx lgh rjhds ls djuk] geyksx tkdj ns[ksaxs fd rqe ftl dkeds fy, dtkZ yh gks ogh dke dj jgh gks ;k ugha A

(blds ckn jksy&Iys [kRe gksrk gS)

(blds ckn iQSflyhVsVj lHkh lnL;ksa ls i'u iwNrs gSa fd vkius D;k&D;k lh[kk)iz'u& 1- lnL;ksa us dSls dtkZ ekaxk\

2- lewg us fdl&fdl dks dtkZ fn;k vkSj D;ksa\3- lewg us fdldks dtkZ ugha fn;k vkSj D;ksa\

4- lewg ds inkf/kdkjh us dtkZ nsrs le; rhuksa lnL;ksa dks D;k funsZ'k fn;k\(lnL;ksa ls mÙkj ikus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj bldh O;k[;k djrk gS)

1- dtZ ekaxus dk rjhdk&

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg ds fu;e ds vuqlkj dtkZ ;k rks fyf[kr ;k ekSf[kd ekaxuk pkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ dtZ ekaxrs le; lnL;ksa dks lewg dks fuEu phtsa cksyuk@fy[kuk pkfg, A· dtZ dh t:jr· dtZ dh jde· dtZ okilh dk le;· fd'rksa dh la[;k

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL;ksa dks dtZ ges’kk cSBd esa gh ekaxuk pkfg, u fd inkf/dkjh ds ?kj tkdj A

2- dtZ nsus dk rjhdk&

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg dtZ ekaxus okyh lnL;ksa dks fuEu vk/kkj ij dtZ nsrh gS&· og lnL; cSBd esa yxkrkj vk jgh gS ;k ugha A· fu;fer cpr dj jgh gS ;k ugha A· fiNys dtksZa dks le; ij okil fd;k ;k ugha A· lewg dh xfrfof/k;ksa esa Hkkx ys jgh gS ;k ugha A

3- dtZ nsus esa izkFkfedrk r; djus dk rjhdk&· lcls xjhc lnL; dks lcls igys nsuk A· t:jreanksa (LokLF; leL;k] jksx] chekjh) dks igys nsuk· igyh ckj dtZ ekaxus okyh lnL;ksa dks· vk;c¼Zd xfrfof/;ksa ds fy, ekaxk tkus okys dtZ dks· [ksrh] xk;] HkSal vkfn ds fy, dtZ ekaxus okys dks

4- fd'rksa dk fu/kkZj.k djus dk rjhdk&· lnL;ksa ds vk; ds vk/kkj ij· vR;ar xjhc lnL;ksa dks T;knk fd'rksa esa ykSVkus dk ekSdk nsdj· izR;sd fd'r esa ewy/ku ,oa C;kt nksuksa ykSVkuk gS

5- C;kt dk fu.kZ;&· C;kt dk nj D;k gksxk ;g lewg gh r; djsxh

cSad ls T;knk jgukegktuksa ls cgqr de jguk· C;kt lewg dh cpr c<+kus dk ,d lk/ku gSA

· C;kt] ewy/ku ds lkFk gh fd’rokj okil djuk pkfg, A

4- dtZ dk ys[kkadu· dtksZa ds ys[kkadu dh vko’;drk· iSlk ekaxus] iSlk nsus ,oa iqu% dtZ dh okilh dk ys[kkadu izek.k ds fy, Hkh t:jh

gS rkfd Hkfo”; esa dksbZ leL;k ugha gks A dksbZ vk, rks ns[kdj irk dj ys A lkFk ghys[kkadu lewg dks lqj{kk nsrk gS ,oa lHkh lnL;ksa esa ikjnf'kZrk cuk jgrk gS dtZ ysusokyh lnL;ksa dk ,d&,d tekurnkj Hkh gksuk pkfg, rkfd dtZ okilh vklku gks tk,

dtZ ewY;kadu lfefr dh t:jr ,oa ftEesokjh&· izR;sd lewg esa dtZ ewY;kadu lfefr ?kj&?kj tkdj ns[krh gS fd dtZ ysus okyh lnL;

us lacaf/kr dke fd;k gS ;k ugha] dtZ dk mi;ksx dSls dj jgh gS A· dtZ okilh le; ij ugha dj jgh lnL;ksa dks dtZ okilh ds fy, ncko Mkyrh gS A

dtZ ewY;kadu djus dk rjhdk dgkuh&

ukyank ftys ds gjukSr iz[kaM dsfcjtw feYdh xkao esa Hkklks nsoh ukedh ,d efgyk dh xjhch dks ns[kdjHkxoku us izlUu gksdj ,d ,slheqxhZ fn;k tks jkst ,d lksus dk vaMkfn;k djrh Fkh A ml lksus ds vaMsdks jkst cspdj og viuk thou xqtkjus yxh A /khjs&/khjs Hkklks nsoh dh fLFkfr vPNh gks x;h A ,dfnu mlds eu esa fopkj vk;k fd D;ksa ugha bl eqxhZ dk isV iQkM+dj lkjs lksus ds vaMs ,d fnu ghfudky fy, tk,a A vkuu&iQkkuu esa mlus eqxhZ dk isV Qkj fn;k A isV Qkjrs gh eqxhZ ej x;h A ifj.kkegqvk fd lksus ds vaMs feyus can gks x, vkSj /khjs&/khjs og iqu% xjhc gks x;h A vr% vR;f/dvis{kk vkSj yksHk nq[k dk dkj.k gksrk gS A lewg Hkh ,d ,slh gh lksus dh vaMs nsus okyh eqxhZ dhrjg gS tks /khjs&/khjs ykHk igaqpkrhgS A vxj bls Hkh eqxhZ dh rjg ekjdj lkjs Qk;ns ,d lkFk ysus ls lewg VwV tk,xk vkSj yksx iqu% xjhcgks tk,axs A blfy, lewg ls dtZ ysuk vkSj bldh le; ij okilh djuk vfuok;Z gS rkfd nwljs lnL;ksadks Hkh ykHk fey lds A vkSj rHkh cSad Hkh enn djus ds fy, rS;kj gksxk A

vf/d yksHk nq[k dk dkj.k gS1- cdk;k jde (le; ij okil ugha gksus ) dk dkj.k&

· dtZ dk ewY;kadu ugha djuk· fu;fer fd’rksa esa Hkqxrku ugha djus dks cdk;k dgk tkrk gS A cdk;k dk dkj.k&

1- dtZ ysus okyh efgykvksa dk ewY;kadu lgh ls ugha gksuk2- lewg ds nwljs lnL;ksa }kjk dtZ ysus okyh efgykvksa dks ncko ugha Mkyuk3- lewg ds lnL;ksa esa ,drk ugha gksuk4- lnL;ksa dk lewg esa fo’okl ughas gksuk5- dtZ ysus okyh lnL;ksa dk vk;c)Zd xfrfof/k vlQy gksus ds dkj.k6- dtZ ysus okyh lnL;ksa dk iyk;u dj tkuk7- dtZ ysus okyh lnL;ksa ij igys ls gh cgqr T;knk ckgjh dtZ gksuk8- cgqr T;knk naM9- lnL;ksa }kjk nwljs lnL; ds cnys esa ;k mlds uke ij dtZ ysuk A10- cdk;k jde ds okilh gsrq&

· lewg ds dtZ okilh dk fu;e gksuk pkfg,· ½.k okilh dh fd'rksa ,oa C;kt dk fu/kZj.k lnL;ksa dh {kerkuqlkj gksuk pkfg,· lewg esa dtZnkj lnL;ksa ij ckdh lnL;ksa }kjk ncko cuk;k tkuk pkfg,· dtZ ewY;kadu lfefr }kjk vPNs rjhds ls i;Zos{k.k djuk· lewg ds inkf/dkfj;ksa dk dq'ky ,oa {kerkoku gksuk· cM+s jde okyh dtksZa esa tekur dh O;oLFkk vo'; gksuh pkfg,

· lnL;ksa ds lxs&lacaf/;ksa dks ;k fdlh ds cnys esa nwljs lnL;ksa dks dtZ ugha fn;k tkuk pkfg,

10- lewg dk vkenuh ,oa [kpkZ(iQSflyhVsVj dks lewg ifjppkZ ds }kjk lnL;ksa ls lewg dh vkenuh ,oa [kpksZa dk C;kSjk ysukpkfg,)

[kpkZ vkenuh1- lewg ds fdrkcksa ij [kpZ 1- dtZ dk C;kt2- ;k=kk [kpZ 2- cSad tek ls C;kt3- cqd dhij dk ekuns; 3- lnL;rk 'kqYd4- ½.k nsus okyh laLFkkvksa dks C;kt 4- naM5- ijke'kZ 'kqYd 5- vU;

11- lewg dk dks"k (iQSflyhVsVj dks lnL;ksa dks ?kM+k okyk pkVZ fn[kkdj muls tokc ekaxuk pkfg,)

1- lnL;rk ‘kqYd2- cSad tek ls C;kt3- vkarfjd dtZ dk C;kt4- naM5- ijke'kZ 'kqYd6- cpr7- vuqnku8- vU;

lewg dk dks"k@?kM+k

(iQSflyhVsVj dks lewg ds dks"k ds ckjs esa ,d lehdj.k }kjk le>kuk pkfg,)lewg dk dks"k& (cdk;k dtkZ]+ cSad tek] gkFk esa jkf'k)&

(nwljs laLFkkvksa dks ykSVkuh okyh jde)

12- lewg ds dks"k dk mfpr mi;ksx& (iQSflyhVsVj dks *euh xse* ds }kjk lnL;ksa dks le>kuk pkfg,)

izf'k{kq esa ls 20 lnL;ksa dks ysdj nks lewg cukdj mUgsa dkxt dk iSlk nsdj xse 'kq: djukpkfg,

dze la[;k izFke lewg f}rh; lewgizFke pdz 10 lnL;ksa }kjk cpr tek djus ds ckn ppkZ djds ,d efgyk dks 100@& dtZ fn;k

10 lnL;ksa }kjk cpr tek gksus ds ckn mls cSad esa j[k vk;k 100@&f}rh; pdz iqu% 10 lnL;ksa }kjk 100@& cpr ,oa dtZ yh xbZ efgyk }kjk dtZ okilh ,oa C;kt

vkrk gS ,oa nwljh efgyk dks 200@& dtZ fn;k iqu% 10 lnL;ksa }kjk 100@& gh vkrkgS A

r`rh; pdz iqu% 10 lnL;ksa }kjk 100@& cpr ,oa dtZ ysus okyh lnL;ksa }kjk 200@& okilh ,oaC;kt vkrk gS ftls rhljh efgyk dks dtZ fn;k iqu% 10 lnL;ksa }kjk 100@& gh vkrkgS A

(euh xse ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj lnL;ksa ls iz'u iwNrk gS)1- izFke lewg ,oa f}rh; lewg esa D;k varj gS A2- izFke pdz] f}rh; pdz ,oa r‘rh; pdz esa izFke lewg esa D;k gqvk ,oa f}rh; lewg

esa D;k gqvk A3- fdl lewg esa lewg ds dks”k dk vPNk mi;ksx gks jgk gS A

13- lewg ds dks"k ds lgh mi;ksx dk rjhdk1- lewg dk dks”k dHkh cSad esa csdkj tek ugha djuk pkfg,@cfYd mldk mi;ksx djuk pkfg, A2- lewg dk dks"k lewg ds lnL;ksa ds chp dtZ ds :i esa ?kqers jguk pkfg, rkfd vf/d ls vf/d C;kt izkIr fd;k tk lds A3- lewg ds dks"k ls ,d rks mudk dke pysxk lkFk gh lewg esa lnL;ksa dk fo'okl Hkh c<+sxk4- lewg ds dks”k ls ,d gh mn~ns'; ds fy, ckj&ckj dtZ ugha nsdj vyx&vyx mn~ns';ksa ds fy, dtZ nsuk pkfg, A5- ,d gh ckj lHkh lnL;ksa dks dtZ ugha nsuk pkfg, A6- ,d leku fd'r ,oa ,d leku jde gh ckj&ckj dtZ ds :i esa ugha fn;k tkuk pkfg,7- lewg }kjk lnL;ksa dks cSad dtZ ds C;kt dh nj ls vf/d nj ij dtZ nsuk pkfg,

14- lewg ds dks"k ls izkIr ykHk dk fu.kZ;&(iQSflyhVsVj dks lewg ifjppkZ ds }kjk tokc ekaxuk pkfg,)(iQSflyhVsVj }kjk O;k[;k)

1- lkjs ykHk dks dks”k esa j[kdj vkarfjd ysu&nsu djuk2- dqy ykHk dk vk/kk lewg dks"k esa tek djuk ,oa vk/k lnL;ksa esa ckaV nsuk3- lkjs ykHk dks lnL;ksa ds chp ckaV nsuk

(lewg mijksDr rhuksa esa ls dksbZ ,d jkLrk pqusxh)(iQSflyhVsVj dks fuEufyf[kr loky lnL;ksa ls iwNdj izf'k{k.k dk nqgjko ,oa lekiu djukpkfg, )1- lewg dk dks"k D;k \2- cpr izca/k esa D;k&D;k leL;k gS ,oa bldk mik; D;k gS\3- lewg dk vkenuh ,oa [kpZ ds D;k&D;k lzksr gSa\4- dtZ dk ys[kkadu dSlk gksuk pkfg,\5- cdk;k jde ds okilh gsrq D;k&D;k mik; fd, tk ldrs gSa\

(iQSflyhVsVj dks oSdfYid rjhdk dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,)1- ohfM;ks dSlsV2- dsl LVMh ds ek/;e ls3- {ks=k lEn (kZu¼,Dlikstj)

SHG Book Keeping (Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk ys[kkadu)mn~ns';& lnL;kssa esa ys[kkadu dh egÙkk] [kkrk&cgh ds izdkj vkSj cqd dhilZ ds Hkwfedk dsckjs esa tkx:drk iSnk djuk A

mifo"k;&1- ys[kkadu dk egRo2- [kkrk&cgh ds izdkj3- ys[kkadu ds vPNs fu;e@rjhds4- cqd dhij dh igpku djuk vkSj cqd dhij dh ftEesokjh5- cqd dhij dks D;k djuk pkfg, vkSj D;ksa ugha djuk pkfg,6- [kkrk&cgh dh lqj{kk7- vads{k.k dk egRo8- ys[kkadu dh leL;k vkSj lek/ku

izf'k{k.k lkexzh&1- dkxt dk :i;k2- ,d lsV [kkrk&cgh3- pkVZl

4- ekdZjl5- [kYyh@pkWd6- fiQfyi pkVZ

ys[kkadu dk egRoizf'k{k.k dk rjhdk&jksy Iys

jksy&IyslnL; xksykdkj ls cSBrs gSa vkSj muesa ls ,d dks v/;{k pqurs gSa A lewg ds cSBd dh izfd;kesa lkewfgd cpr gksrk gS] rhu&pkj lnL;ksa dks fofHkUu mn~ns';ksa ds fy, dtZ fn;k tkrk gS vkSjcSBd lekIr gks tkrh gS Aizf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls fuEUk iz'u iwNuk pkfg,&1- v/;{k us fdruk cpr fd;k\2- fdl lnL; dks fdruk dtZ fdl mn~ns'; ds fy, fn;k x;k\3- cSBd esa fdruk vkenuh gqvk vkSj fdruk [kpZ gqvk\4- v/;{k ds ikl fdruh jkf'k 'ks"k cph] ;g dgka fy[kk x;k\

lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj vkus ds ckn izf'k{kd dks fuEu rjhds ls le>kuk pkfg, (vkbZ0,y0 ,e0 rjhdk)&

1- fu;fer rjhds ls lewg ds [kkrk&cgh ds ys[kkadu ls lnL;ksa dh foÙkh; ysu&nsu ds ckjsesa le> c<+rh gS A

2- blls lewg ds lnL;ksa ds chp vkRefo'okl c<+rk gS vkSj ,drk o"kZ) esa lgk;d gksrkgS A

3- ys[kkadu lewg dh foÙkh; fLFkfr dks tkuus esa tSls&lnL;ksa dh cpr] dtZ] mifLFkfr]lewg dks"k] vkenuh ,oa [kpZ] C;kt] okilh dk izfr'kr nj enn djrk gS A

4- lewg esa fy, x, fu.kZ; ,oa izLrkoksa dh tkudkjh lnL;ksa dks le;≤ ij gksrs jgrkgS ,oa ;g lnL;ksa dks ges'kk mfpr fu.kZ; ysus gsrq izksRlkfgr djrk gS A

5- ys[kkadu lewg dh lk[k ykSVkus dh {kerk dks c<+kdj lewg dk laLFkkxr fodkl dksc<+kok nsrk gS A

6- blls lewg ds lnL;ksa ds chp ikjnf'kZrk jgrh gS vkSj xyfr;ka de gksrh gS A7- lewg ds vPNs ys[kkadu ls cSad ls ,oa nwljh laLFkkvksa ls enn feyus dh laHkkouk c<+

tkrh gS A8- lewg ds ijQkWesZal (vc rd ds dke) ds ewY;kadu esa ys[kkadu enn djrk gS A[kkrk&cgh ds izdkjrjhdk& ysDpj] fnekxh dljr] [kkrk&cgh dks fn[kkdj

(izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls iwNuk pkfg, fd muds lewg esa fdrus rjg ds [kkrk cgh fy[ks tk jgsgSa] iqu% mUgsa ,d&,d djds lkjs [kkrs cgh ds ckjs esa O;k[;k djuk pkfg, vkSj mudk egRo crkukpkfg, A)

lewg esa iz;ksx fd, tkus okys [kkrk&cgh1- O;fDrxr ikl cqd (cpr$½.k)2- cSBd cgh@mifLFkfr cgh3- cpr cgh4- jksdM+ cgh5- yksu cgh6- lkekU; cgh7- lewg dk ekfld izfrosnu

mijksDr ds vfrfjDr izR;sd lewg esa cSad ikl cqd Hkh gksrs gSa AizR;sd [kkrk cgh dk fooj.k1- O;fDrxr ikl cqd

· ;g ikl cqd lnL; ds ikl jgrk gS A· ;g lnL;ksa ds cpr] dtZ okilh] cdk;k] lwn vkfn dh iwjh tkudkjh nsrk gS A· lnL;ksa dks vius&vius ikl cqd dks cSBd esa ysdj vkuk pkfg, A· ikl cqd dks lHkh lnL;ksa dks vius ?kj esa lqjf{kr j[kus pkfg, A

2- cSBd cgh@mifLFkfr cgh· bl cgh esa mifLFkfr] lkjs foÙkh; ysu&nsu] fu.kZ;] izLrko vkfn fy[ks tkrs gSa A· ;g cgh nwljs lkjs cgh dk ek/;e gS A

3- cpr cgh· bl cgh esa lkjs lnL; ds cpr dh jde muds uke ds iUus esa dzeokj fy[kh tkrh gS A· bl cgh esa lewg ds lkjs cpr] cpr ij C;kt vkSj ykHkkal vkfn fy[ks tkrs gSa A

4- jksdM+ cgh· bl cgh esa frfFkokj lkjs foÙkh; ysu&nsu] vkenuh ,oa [kpkZ foLrkj ls fy[kk tkrk gS A· bl cgh ls irk pyrk gS fd fdrus jde gkFk esa gSa vkSj fdrus cSad esa A

5- dtZ cgh (NksVs dtZ ,oa cM+s dtZ)· ;g cgh lnL;okj Lohd`r NksVs ,oa cM+s dtZ dks n'kkZrk gS A· ;gh cgh dtZ okilh ds :Ik esa ewy/u ,oa C;kt dk fglkc nsrk gS A

· ;g cgh lnL;okj dtZ dh jde vkSj okilh dk irk yxkrk gS A· lnL;okj lnL;ksa ds okilh izfr’kr dk irk yxkrk gS A

6- lkekU; [kkrk cgh· ;g cgh lkjs [kkrs ¼ystj½ dks QksYMj okbt fy[kus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS A· ;g lewg ds }kjk fd, x, fofHkUu [kpksZa ,oa vkenuh dk vafre ;ksx fy[kus esa iz;ksx gksrk gS A· lewg ds lkjs foÙkh; ysu&nsu ds vads{k.k ds le; ;g cgh enn djrk gS A· ;g cgh lewg ds izkfIr ,oa Hkqxrku dk foi= cukus esa enn djrk gS A· lewg ds iwjs ¼VuZ vksoj½ foÙkh; ysu&nsu dks ,d ckj esa irk djus esa enn djrk gS A

7- lewg dk ekfld izfrosnu· ;g ekfld vk/kkj ij iwjs foÙkh; ysu&nsus dks vk/kkj ekudj cqd dhij ds }kjk rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS vkSj bls xzke laxBu dh cSBd esa lewg dh izfrfuf/k ds lkFk Hkstk tkrk gS A· ;g ,d ekg esa lewg ds lkjs foÙkh; fooj.k dh tkudkjh nsrk gS A· ;g mifLFkfr dk izfr’kr] dtZ okilh dk izfr’kr crkrk gS A· blls lewg ds }kjk lkekftd eqn~nksa ij fd, x, dke dh tkudkjh feyrh gS A· blls ,d ekg ds ‘ks”k dh fLFkfr vkSj vkenuh vkSj [kpZ dk irk pyrk gS A· ;g xzke laxBu dks xzke laxBu dh cSBd esa Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk ewY;kadu djus esa enn djrk gS A

cSad ikl cqd· izR;sd lewg dk utnhd ds cSad esa lewg ds uke ls [kkrk gksuk pkfg, A cSad ikl cqd ls irk pyrk gS fd [kkrk fdl cSad esa [kqyk gqvk gS A· bls lqjf{kr txg ij j[kuk pkfg, vkSj izfrfuf/k;ksa }kjk fu;fer :i ls cSad ys tkdj izkfIr vkSj Hkqxrku viMsV djokuk pkfg, A· ;g cSad ls dtkZ ,oa bldh okilh dk fooj.k nsrk gS A· bls cqd dhij ds }kjk ugha Hkjk tkuk pkfg, ;g flQZ cSadlZ ds }kjk gh Hkjk tk ldrk gS A

ys[kkadu ds vPNs fu;e@rjhds (dc vkSj dgka fy[kuk gS)rjhdk& jksy Iys@fnekxh dljrizf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls fuEufyf[kr loky iwNuk pkfg,&iz'u&

1- [kkrk cgh dc vkSj dgka fy[kk tkuk pkfg,\

1- [kkrk cgh fdls fy[kuk pkfg,]lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj feyus ds ckn izf'k{kd dks ,d niZ.k&jksy Iys djokuk pkfg,&niZ.k jksy&Iysizf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa esa ls 4 lnL; dks cqykdj ,d&,d dj dksbZ *,D'ku* djokuk pkfg, vkSjnwljs lnL;ksa ls cgh *,D'ku* djus ds fy, dguk pkfg, A iqu% igys lnL; dks cqykdj cgh,D'ku djus ds fy, dguk pkfg, tks mlus fd;k Fkk A blh rjg ckdh rhu lnL;ksa dks cqykdjHkh muls cgh ,D'ku djus ds fy, dguk pkfg, tks mlus igys fd;k Fkk A os lgh rjhds ls,D'ku ugha dj ik;saxs D;ksafd mUgsa ;kn ughsa gS fd igys fdl rjg dk ,D'ku fd;k Fkk A mlhle; ,d vkbuk (cM+k&lk) O;oLFkk djuk pkfg, vkSj ,d nwljs lnL; dks cqykdj vkbus dslkeus dksbZ ,D'ku djokuk pkfg, A mldh ,D'ku dh izfrfcac vkbuk esa cusxk vksSj lHkh lnL;ksadks bls ns[kus ds fy, dguk pkfg,blds ckn izf'k{kd dks fuEu rjg ls O;k[;k djuk pkfg,&

1- lewg dk [kkrk&cgh flQZ cSBd esa gh fy[ks tkus pkfg, A2- bls cSBd gksus okys LFkku ij gh fy[kuk pkfg, A3- cSBd ds ckn ;k fdlh nwljs ds ?kj esa ugha fy[kuk pkfg, A

4- cqd dhij dh vko’;drk vkSj bldhigpku

cqd dhij dh vko';drk&1- pwafd izR;sd lewg esa cpr ,oa ½.k dk

ysu&nsus gksrk gS vr% lewg ds [kkrk cgh dks fy[kus gsrq cqd dhij dh vko';drk gksrh gS2- cqd dhij lewg dh cSBd esa lkjs [kkrk&cgh fy[krk gS A3- cqd dhij dks lewg dh vkenuh ls ekfld ekuns; fn;k tkrk gS A

cqd dhij ds igpku ds 'krsZa@y{k.k&1- cqd dhij lewg dh gh ,d i<+h fy[kh efgyk gks ldrh gS ;k fQj ,d ckgjh O;fDr gks ldrk gS ftls lewg ekfld osru ij j[krh gS A2- cqd dhij dks LFkkuh; O;fDr gksuk pkfg, vkSj mls lHkh cSBd esa miyC/k jguk pkfg, A3- cqd dhij dks de ls de lkroha ikl gksuk pkfg, A4- cqd dhij dk vadxf.kr vPNk gksuk pkfg, A5- cqd dhij lewg dh fdlh efgyk dk lxk ;k laca/h ugha gksuk pkfg, A6- efgykvksa dks izkFkfedrk feyuk pkfg, A7- cqd dhij dks /kS;Zoku vkSj lkekftd fopkj/kkjk okyk gksuk pkfg, A8- cqd dhij dks xjhc ?kj dk gksuk pkfg, A

cqd dhij dh Hkwfedk ,oa ftEesokjh1- cqd dhij Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ds }kjk j[kk tkrk gS vkSj og lewg ds izfr ftEesokj gksrk gS A2- cqd dhij dks lewg dh cSBd ‘kq: gksus ds 10 feuV igys vk tkuk pkfg, A3- cSBd esa cqd dhij dks lewg dh inkf/dkfj;ksa ds cxy esa cSBuk pkfg, A4- cqd dhij dks cSBd 'kq: gksus ls igys lkjs [kkrs cgh inkf/dkfj;ksa ls ekax ysuk pkfg,] lkjs cgh dks cSBd ds nkSjku fy[kuk pkfg, vkSj cSBd dh lekfIr ds ckn inkf/dkjh dks [kkrk cgh ykSVk nsuk pkfg, A5- cqd dhij dks cSBd lekfIr ls Bhd igys lkjs fu.kZ; ,oa izLrkoksa rFkk foÙkh; ysu&nsu dks lkjs lnL;ksa dks tksj ls i<+dj lqukuk pkfg, A

cqd dhij dks D;k djuk pkfg, vkSj D;k ugha djuk pkfg,djuk pkfg,1- cSBd 'kq: gksus ls 10 feuV igys vkuk2- lkjs [kkrs cgh cSBd esa gh fy[kuk3- cSBd dh lekfIr ls igys izLrko dks lHkh lnL;ksa dks i<+dj lqukuk4- cSBd dh lekfIr ij lkjs lnL;ksa ls dk;Zokgh cgh esa gLrk{kj djokuk5- cSBd dh lekfIr ds ckn lkjs [kkrs cgh lewg dh inkf/dkjh dks lkSai nsuk6- cqd dhij dks lHkh rjg ds izf'k{k.k esa tkuk pkfg,7-lkjs lnL; dks lk{kj cukus dh dksf'k'k djuh pkfg,8- ekg ds var esa lewg dk ekfld izfrosnu cukuk

ugha djuk pkfg,1- foÙkh; ysu&nsu esa Hkkx ugha ysuk2- [kkrs cgh dks ?kj ugha ys tkuk3- lewg ds fu.kZ;ksa dks izHkkfor ugha djuk pkfg,4- lewg ls dtZ ugha ysuk pkfg,5- ys[kkadu esa gsjk&iQsjh ugha djuk6- lewg ds fu.kZ;ksa ,oa izLrkoksa dks ckgjh O;fDr;ksa ds lkeus ugha crkuk7- [kkrs cgh esa ,sls dksbZ ckr ugha fy[kuk ftl ij lewg esa ppkZ u gqvk gks8- lnL;ksa ds izfr >qdko ;k }s"kHkko ugha j[kuk pkfg,

[kkrk cgh dk lqjf{kr j[k&j[kko· [kkrs cgh dks cPps dh igaqp ls nwj j[kuk pkfg, A· [kkrs cgh dks lewg dh inkf/dkfj;ksa ds ikl lqjf{kr j[kk tk, u fd cqd dhij ds ikl A· [kkrs cgh dks lqjf{kr vkSj lq[ks txg ij j[kuk pkfg, A· [kkrs cgh dks ?kj esa lqjf{kr txg ij pwgksa ,oa dhM+s&edksM+ksa rFkk jax ls nwj j[kuk pkfg, A· iqjkus ;k [kRe gks x, [kkrs cgh dks iQsaduk ugha pkfg, cfYd bls dHkj p<+k dj lqjf{kr txg ij j[k nsuk pkfg, A

- · [kkrk cgh dk lqjf{kr j[k&j[kko· [kkrs cgh dks cPps dh igaqp ls nwj j[kuk pkfg, A· [kkrs cgh dks lewg dh inkf/dkfj;ksa ds ikl lqjf{kr j[kk tk, u fd cqd dhij ds ikl· [kkrs cgh dks lqjf{kr vkSj lq[ks txg ij j[kuk pkfg, A· [kkrs cgh dks ?kj esa lqjf{kr txg ij pwgksa ,oa dhM+s&edksM+ksa rFkk jax ls nwj j[kuk pkfg,

· iqjkus ;k [kRe gks x, [kkrs cgh dks iQsaduk ugha pkfg, cfYd bls dHkj p<+k dj lqjf{krtxg ij j[k nsuk pkfg, A

vads{k.k dk egRorjhdk& fnekxh dljr] ysDpj] dsl LVMhizf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ds lkeus fuEufyf[kr dsl LVMh lqukuk pkfg, A

dsl LVMh&ukyank ftys ds gjukSr iz[kaM ds fMgjhx<+ iapk;r ds fcjtw feYdh xkao esa 15 lnL;ksa ls 1-1-2005 dks ,d lewg cuk gS ftldk uke ek¡ Hkokuh gS a os yksx lewg dh cSBd fu;fer djrhgS vkSj lqHknzk nsoh dks cqd dhij ds :i esa j[kh gS] ftls os yksx 200@& eghuk osru ds :iesa nsrh gS A 1-8-2005 dks lewg dh cSBd gqbZ vkSj lewg esa dtZ dh okilh vkSj cpr feykdj2500@& :i, tek gq,] ml csBd esa ,d Hkh lnL;ksa us dtZ ugha fy;k A ml iSls dks v/;{kds }kjk cSad esa tek djus dks lewg Hkstk] ysfdu v/;{k us 2000@& :i;k gh cSad esa tek fd;kvkSj ckdh 500@& :i;k 1-10-2005 dks tek fd;k A lqHknzk nsoh lkjs [kkrk cgh fy[krh jghysfdu ml cpr dks ystj cqd esa fy[kuk Hkwy x;h] iqu% 1-12-2005 dks ehfVad esa olqa/kjk nsoh2000@& dtZ yh] ysfdu cqd dhij ls dtZ cgh fy[kus esa xyrh gks x;h] dqN fnuksa ds cknlewg esa iSls dk gsj&iQsj ik;k A lkjs lnL; viuk&viuk vkik [kks cSBs vkSj >xM+k djus yxh

dsl LVMh ds ckn izf'k{kd dks fuEu iz'u iwNuk pkfg,&& D;k cSad esa tkdj jsdkWMZl tkap djok dj jde dk irk yxk;k tk ldrk gS\& D;k olqa/kjk nsoh ds dtZcgh dh tkap djus dh t:jr gS\& lewg dks [kkrs&cgh dks fu;fer :i ls viMsV djus ds fy, D;k djuk pkfg,\& lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj tkuus ds ckn izf'k{kd dks vads{k.k ds egRo vkSj ykHk dh ppkZdjuh pkfg, A

vads{k.k ls ykHk&1- lewg dh vkenuh ,oa [kpZ dk irk py tkrk gS A2- lewg dh cpr dtZ] C;kt] naM] ckdh dtZ okilh dk irk py tkrk gS A3- lewg dh laifÙk ,oa nkf;Roksa dk irk py tkrk gS A4- cqd dhij ds fy[kus esa gqbZ xyfr;ksa dk irk py tkrk gS A5- foÙkh; ysu&nsu esa gqbZ xyfr;ksa dks lq/kjus dk ekSdk fey tkrk gS A6- blls cSadksa ,oa vU; nwljs foÙkh; laLFkkvksa ls ykHk izkIr djus esa enn izkIr gksrk gS A izf'k{kd dks ;g Hkh Li"V djuk pkfg, fd Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk vads{k.k xzke laxBu ds }kjk pqus x, fdlh O;fDr ;k lewg }kjk izLrkfor fdlh laxBu ls gksuk pkfg, A

vkarfjd vads{k.k rhu ekg esa ,d ckj vkSj okg~; vads{k.k lky esa ,d ckj gksuk pkfg, A[kkrk cgh ys[kkadu& leL;k vkSj lek/kku

leL;k lek/kku1- cqd dhij dk cSBd esa le; ij ugha vkuk A 1- cqd dhij dks csBd esa 10 feuV igys pys2- inkf/kdkjh [kkrk cgh dks cDls esa j[kdj vkuk Alxs& laca/h ds ;gka pyh tkrh gS A 2- inkf/dkjh ckgj tkrs le; [kkrk cgh dks3- [kkrk cgh dk QkesZV ckj&ckj cnyukA nwljs lnL;ksa dks lkSai dj tkrh gSa A4- iqjkus [kkrs dk Hkj tkuk A 3- Lo;a lgk;rk lewg cukus okyh laLFkk }kjk5- mfpr ys[kkadu ugha vkSj u gh vads{k.k A vkn'kZ [kkrk cgh rS;kj djuk A

4- iqjkus [kkrs [kRe gksus ds ,d ekg iwoZ u, [kkrs [kjhn ysuk A 5- =kSekfld vkSj okf"kZd vads{k.k A

ys[kkadu ds ckjs esa lkjh ppkZ ds ckn izf'k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa dks iwN djds izf'k{k.k[kRe djuk pkfg, A

iz'u&1- ys[kkadu dh vko';drk D;ksa gS\2- ,d lewg esa fdrus izdkj dh [kkrk cgh gksrs gSa\3- ekfld izfronsu dk D;k egRo gS\4- cqd dhij ds igpku djus ds D;k&D;k ‘krsZa gSa\5- cqd dhij dh D;k&D;k Hkwfedk vkSj ftEesokfj;ka gSa\6- vads{k.k ls D;k ykHk gS\7- cqd dhij dks D;k djuk pkfg, vkSj D;k ugha djuk pkfg,\8- lewg dks cqd dhij dks osru D;ksa nsuk pkfg,\

izf'k{kdksa ds fy, oSdfYid rjhdk&1- ohfM;ks dSlsV2- vuqHko dk vknku&iznku3- dgkuh4- [ksy

cqd dhij ds fy, [kkrk&cgh fy[kus gsrqdsl LVMh

ukyank ftyk ds gjukSr iz[kaM ds xksukek xkao esa nqxkZ thfodk lewg] 21-09-2007 fnu 'kqdzokjdks jkf=k 8 cts fueZyk nsoh ds ?kj esa viuk 32oka cSBd dj jgh gS A cSBd esa fueZyk nsoh dks csBddk v/;{k cuk x;k vkSj ehfVax dh 'kq:vkr izkFkZuk ls gqbZ A lewg ds dqy 13 lnL;ksa esa ls 11lnL;ksa us csBd esa Hkkx fy;k A ljkstuh nsoh vius xHkkZoLFkk dh otg ls cSBd esa ugha vk;h ftldsfy, mls igys gh lewg ls vkKk fey pqdh Fkh] tcfd nqxkZ nsoh fcuk fdlh dkj.k ds vuqifLFkrFkh] ftlds fy, muij 3 :i;k naM yxk;k x;k A

fiNyh cSBd dh leh{kk djrs le; ;g irk pyk fd 'kdqaryk nsoh ij 3 :i;k naM yxk;kx;k Fkk D;ksafd og fiNys cSBd esa vuqifLFkr Fkh] cjrh nsoh tksfd fiNys cSBd dh v/;{k Fkhmlus 15-09-2007 dks cSad esa tek fd, x, 1250@& :i;s dk j’khn fn[kk;k A ;g 1250@& :i;kfiNys cSBd esa gkFk esa cph jkf'k Fkh ftls izLrko ds vuqlkj cSad esa tek dj fn;k tkuk Fkk] vccSad esa dqy jde 3535@& :i;k gks x;k gS A bl cSBd esa 11 lnL; 15 :i;k izfr lnL; ds fglkcls tek djrh gSa iqu% ‘kdaqryk nsoh ftlus fiNys cSBd esa viuk cpr tek ugha fd;k Fkk A mlus15 :i;k cpr vkSj 2@& :i;k cpr ugha djus dk naM fn;k A ljkstuh nsoh tks fd bl cSBd esa ughavk;h gS mlus viuk iSlk nwljs lnL; ds ek/;e ls Hkst fn;k] fueZyk nsoh us 200@& :i;k dtZ vkSj4@& :i;k lwn ykSVk;k] tksfd mlus pkoy [kjhnus ds fy, fy;k Fkk] ljkstuh nsoh us vius dtZ dkfd'r 550 :i;k ewy/ku vkSj 50 :i;k lwn nwljs lnL;ksa ds gkFkksa Hkst fn;k gS A yfyrk nsoh 600:i;k ewy/ku vkSj 100 :i;k lwn okil dh A

bl cSBd esa vUukiw.kkZ nsoh viuh csVh dh izlo ds fy, 1000 :i;k dtZ dh ekax dh] lq”keknsoh 3000 :i;k dk dtZ [ksr esa [kkn Mkyus ds fy, ekax dh A lnL;ksa }kjk ppkZ ds mijkar ;g r;gqvk fd gkFk esa cph vkt dh 'ks"k jkf'k esa ls vUukiw.kkZ nsoh dks muds vkdfLed fLFkfr dks ns[krsgq, dtZ nsus dk iQSlyk fd;k vkSj mlls dgk fd rqEgs ;g jde ikap fd'rksa esa okil djuk gksxkA ckdh cph jde pwafd lq"kek nsoh dks nsus ds fy, i;kZIr ugha gS] blfy, lnL;ksa us ;g iQSlyk fd;kfd 'ks"k jkf'k 22-09-2007 dks cSad ls fudkyk tk; rkfd lq"kek nsoh dks 3000 :i;k yksu@dtZ fn;ktk lds A lq"kek nsoh dks 10 fd'rks esa okil djus dk lykg fn;k x;k A lkjs dtZ 2 izfr'kr C;ktij fn;s x, A

inkf/dkfj;ksa us lewg ls 40 :i;k cSad tkus gsrq ;k=k&HkÙkk ds :i esa fy;k Abl cSBd esa mu yksxksa us cPpksa eq[; :i ls yM+dh cPpksa ds f'k{kk ij ppkZ fd;k Apkj lnL;ksa dks vius csfV;ksa dks vxys cSBd rd fo|ky; esa nkf[ky djus dk izLrko iklfd;k Avar esa vxyh cSBd dks lq”kek nsoh ds ?kj ij gksus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k A lHkh lnL;ksa dsgLrk{kj ds ckn cSBd lekfIr dh x;h AfiNys cSBd (31osa cSBd½)dh fLFkfrdze la[;k Uke 31osa cSBd rd mifLFkfr 31osa cSBd rd cpr 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-

fueZyk nsohljkstuh nsohnqxkZ nsohyfyrk nsoh'kdqaryk nsohvUukiw.kkZ nsohlq"kek nsohv:.kk nsoh'kkafr

nsohxaxk nsohljLorh nsohcjrh nsoh 302927303027282931313131450420465435450420420420465465465

mij of.kZr dsl LVMh ds vk/kj ij cqd dhij dks fuEufyf[kr cgh fy[kuk pkfg,&1- dk;Zokgh cgh2- cpr cgh3- ½.k cgh4- jksdM+ cghlkekU; cgh

leL;k&lek/kumn~ns';&lewg ds lnL; leL;kvksa dk lek/ku djus ds jkLrs lh[krs gSsa A

fo"k;&1- leL;k% vFkZ2- leL;k ,oa fookn esa varj3- leL;k ds izdkj4- leL;k&lek/ku dh fof/5- izkjafHkd voLFkk esa leL;kvksa dh

igpku djuk rFkk lek/ku djuk6- lewg ds leL;k ds lek/ku esa

lewg lnL;ksa ,oa usrkvksa dh Hkwfedk ,oa mÙkjnkf;Ro A izf'k{k.k lkexzh& NksVs&NksVs iRFkj (8 ls 10) fp=kiV@fiQfyi pkVZ

leL;k&eryc& fof/& cM+s lewg ls lkewfgd ifjppkZ] jksy&Iys] vuqHko crykuk izf'k{kd dks cM+s lewg esa ifjppkZ dj lnL;ksa dks leL;k D;k gS bl fo"k; ij ppkZ }kjk le>kuk lnL;ksa dk fp=kiV@fiQfyi pkVZ fn[kkdj uhps fn, x, fuEu iz'uksa dks iwNuk pkfg, A

egRoiw.kZ iz'u&1- fiQfyi pkVZ@fp=kiV esa vki ns[kdj D;k eglwl dj jgs gSa A2- oks [kq'k gSa vkSj D;ksa\izf'k{kd dks mijksDr iz'uksa ds lewg dh lnL;ksa ds }kjk visf{kr tokc vkus ds ckn mu lkjstokcksa dks ysdj leL;k dh ifjHkk"kk dks crkuk gksxk A

1- leL;k dh ifjHkk"kk& lewg esa lnL;ksa dks ,d mn~ns'; dh izkfIr ds fy, tks ck/k,a oeqf'dy vkrh gSa ogh leL;k gS A ogh fLFkfr leL;k dgykrh gS Aizf'k{kd dk lq>ko& izf'k{kd lnL;ksa ds leL;kvksa dks lquus ds ckn lkjs lnL;ksa dks leL;kvksads lek/ku ds mij lkspus ds fy, lg;ksx djuk pkfg, A

2- leL;k ,oa fookn esa varj&fof/& cM+s lewg lkewfgd ifjppkZ@[ksy

izf'k{kd dks lewg esa nks lnL;ksa dks >xM+rs rLohj dks fn[kkdj uhps fn;s gq, fuEu iz'uksa dks iwNukpkfg, AegRoiw.kZ iz'u&1& bl rLohj esa D;k gks jgk gS\lewg ds lnL;ksa ds }kjk iz’u dk visf{kr mÙkj vkus ds ckn ml >xM+s dh leL;k vkSj fookn esavarj dks crkuk vkSj uhps fn, x, [ksy dks lewg dh lnL;ksa ds }kjk [ksyokdj fookn dks le>kuk

[ksy dk rjhdk&1- bl [ksy ds fy, 8&10 cM+s&cM+s iRFkj (tks gekjs gkFk esa vk tk,) gksus pkfg, A2- lnL;ksa dks nks xzqi esa ckaVuk3- nksuksa xzqi dks vyx&vyx fo"k; cksyuk& lkjs iRFkj dks ,d txg j[uk A& igys xqzi dks ;g dguk fd vkidks lkjs iRFkj ml txg ls ykdj ,d nwljs LFkku ij j[kukgS A& Bhd ;gh ckr nwljs xzqi dks Hkh dguk gS A& tks xzqi T;knk iRFkj ,d fuf'pr LFkku ij ykdj j[ksaxs mudks fxiQ~V nsuk ;g cksyuk gS A4- bl [ksy dks 10&15 feuV rd djokuk A\

[ksy [ksyus ds mijkar lewg ds lnL;ksa ls uhps fn;s x, iz’uksa dks iwNuk pkfg, AegRoiw.kZ iz'u& bl [ksy esa D;k gqvk\& nks xqzi esa fookn D;ksa gqvk\fookn D;k gS\izf'k{kd mijksDr iz'uksa ds mÙkj vkus ds cknfookn D;k gS dks le>kuk Anks O;fDr;ksa ;k lewg esa fdlh ckr dks ysdjvkilh cgl dks fookn dgrs gSa A mnkgj.k&igys cht dk ikS/k\ igys vaMk ;k eqxhZ\izf'k{kd dks fookn dks ifjHkkf"kr djus dsckn lnL;ksa dks leL;k vkSj fookn esa varj dks le>kuk pkfg, A

leL;k fooknlewg ds vanj@lewg ds ckgj er esa fHkUurk lnL;ksa ds ikfjokfjd dkj.kksa dh otg ls

3- leL;k ds izdkjfof/&jksy&Iys@dsl LVMhizf'k{kd leL;k ds izdkj dks jksy&Iys ds ek/;e ls lnL;ksa dks le>kus dk iz;kl djuk AleL;k ds nks izdkj gSa A (lewg esa)1- varxZr leL;k2- cfgxZr leL;k

1- varxZr leL;k& izf'k{kd dks lewg dh 8 efgykvksa (lnL;ksa) dks LosPNk ls cqykdj uhps fn,x, fcanqvksa ds ckjs esa le>kuk ,oa jksy&Iys djokuk pkfg, ;g jksy&Iys 15 feuV rd djokuk A

[ksy (jksy&Iys) ds rjhdk&& 8 lnL;ksa esa ls ,d lnL; dks usrk cukdj cpr tek djkuk& lnL;ksa }kjk dtZ dh ekax djuk

,d lnL;&vkWijs'u ds fy, (ifr ds fy, 1000) nwljk lnL;& pkoy [kjhnus ds fy, (150) rhljk lnL; vius LokLF; ds fy, (300) pkSFkk lnL; dtZ okilh ds fy, dtZ (200)

vkil esa dtZ dh ekax djus okyh lnL;k,a ‘kksjxqy djrh gS fd eq>s pkfg,] eq>s pkfg, A lewgdk dqy cpr 1200@& :i, gSa Abl jksy&Iys gksus ds ckn izf'k{kd uhps fn, x, fuEu iz’uksa dks lewg dh lnL;ksa ls iwNuk pkfg,

egRoiw.kZ iz'u&cSBd esa D;k gqvk\lHkh lnL;ksa dh D;k&D;k leL;k,a Fkha\lnL;ksa ls mijksDr iz'uksa ds lek/ku vkus ds ckn izf'k{kd dks vkarfjd leL;k ds lek/kuds ckjs esa le>kuk pkfg, Alewg esa lnL;ksa ds chp esa mRiUu leL;k dks gh vkarfjd leL;k dgsaxs A

2- cfgxZr leL;kfof/& dsl LVMh

izf'k{kd dks lewg ls ckgj dh leL;k dks igpku dj dsl LVMh ds ek/;e ls mls le>kus dkiz;kl djuk Adsl LVMh&ukyank ftyk ds gjukSr iz[kaM ds fMgjhx<+ iapk;r ds lsong xkao esa ,d uanuh lewg gS A ;g lewgcus gq, 9 eghus gks x, A bldh cSBd fu;fer :i ls gksrh gS A lewg esa vk; o"f) gsrq ½.k dsfy, (e/; fcgkj xzkeh.k cSad psjks) cSad izca/d ls feydj iwNk AcSad izca/d ml lewg dh lkjh cfg;ksa dks ns[kdj ,d lIrkg ckn vkus dks dgk] ,d lIrkg cknlewg dh efgyk,a tkdj cSad izca/d ls feyrh gSa rks cSad izca/kd cksyk fd vkidh lewg dhrhu lnL;ksa ds ifjokj us ½.k fy;k tks okil ugha fd;k] vxj vkids lewg dks Hkh ½.k fn;krks vki okil ugha djsaxs] blfy, ½.k ugha nsaxs A mlewg dks cSad ls ½.k ugha feyk A

mijksDr dsl LVMh dks o.kZu djus ds ckn izf'k{kd dks uhps fn, x, iz'uksa dks iwNuk pkfg,&

egRoiw.kZ iz'u& lewg dh leL;k D;k gS\& fdl otg ls uanuh lewg dks leL;k vk;k& D;ksa lewg vk;c¼Zd xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, dk;Z ugha dj lds AmijksDr iz'uksa ds lek/ku vkus ds ckn lewg ds ckgj ls vkus okys leL;kvksa ds ckjs esa muijlek/ku ds ckjs esa le>kuk pkfg, A

cfgxZr leL;k dk mnkgj.k& xkao dh efgyk igys egktu ls dtZ ysrh Fkh] fQj okil djrhFkh A lewg esa vkus ij egktu ls dtZ ysuk can dj nsrh gS rFkk dqN le; ckn lewg dh efgyk,acSad ls dtZ dh ekax djrh A ;g ckr egktu dks ekywe gksrk rks mu efgykvksa (lewg) ds jkLrsesa vM+pu@:dkoV Mkyrk Anwljk mnkgj.k& (jktuSfrd usrk ls vojks/) lewg esa ugha vkus ls igys efgykvksa ls psruk dkvHkko Fkk A lewg esa vkus ds ckn muesa psruk vk xbZ] tkx:drk vk;h] xkao esa fodkl ls lacaf/kr fo”k;ksa ij vkilh ppkZ dj xkao ds jktuSfrd izfrfuf/;ksa ls feyus yxha vkSj loky&tokcdjus yxh A izfrfuf/;ksa dks ;g [kVdus yxk vkSj muds ekxZ esa vojks/ Mkyus yxs A

4- leL;k lek/ku dh fof/&fof/& dsl LVMh@okLrfod mnkgj.kizf'k{kd dks fdlh dgkuh ;k fdlh okLrfod leL;k dks crkuk pkfg, Adsl LVMh&gjukSr CykWd ds fMgjhx<+ iapk;r ds uank fcxgk xkao esa jk/k thfodk lewg gS ftlesa 15lnL; gSa ;s lHkh vius lewg dh [kkrk&cgh dks fu;fer :i ls fy[kus ds fy, ,d cqd

dhij dapu nsoh dks pquk A jk/k lewg ds rhuksa usrk ,oa lnL; lewg dh [kkrk esa D;k fy[kk tkrkgS ugha ns[krh gSa A cqd dhij ij Hkjkslk dj fo'okl ij NksM+ nsrh gS fd cqd dhij lghfglkc&fdrkc djrh gS A lewg dh lnL; tc lkIrkfgd cSBd djrh rks viuk&viuk cpr tekdj ?kj pyh tkrh gS A cSBd esa fdlh fo”k;ksa ij ppkZ Hkh ugha djrh gS A ,d lnL; uhek nsoh1000@& :i, dtZ ystj 10 fd'rksa ds vuqlkj iSls okil ugha djrh A viuh ethZ ls okil djrhgS A gj eghus esa tks fd’r cuk gS mlds vuqlkj iSls okil ugha djrh A ,d fnu cSBd esa lkjslnL;ksa us uhek nsoh dks iSls okil djus dks dgk A uhek us dgk fd geus lkjs iSls okil fd;kA lnL;ksa us [kkrk&cgh dk fujh{k.k fd;k ns[kk rks dgha ij mlds iSls okil fd;s tkus dk fjdkMZugha p<+k Fkk] lHkh lnL;ksa esas vkil esa fookn gks x;k vkSj cSBd Hkh [kRe gks x;h Aizf'k{kd dks uhps fn;s x, iz’uksa dks iwN dj leL;k ds lek/ku vkus ds ckn mu leL;k dklek/kku lgh rjhds ls dSls gks bldks le>kuk pkfg, A

egRoiw.kZ iz'u&

♦♦♦♦♦ leL;k D;k gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ leL;k ds dkj.k D;k gS A

♦♦♦♦♦ leL;k dks dSls lek/ku fd;k tk ldrk gS A

1- leL;k dh igpku djuk& lewg esa dbZ rjg dh leL;k,a gksrh gS] mu leL;kvksa dhigpku djuk A

2- leL;k ds dkj.kksa dks <aw<+uk& ,d leL;k ds dbZ dkj.k gksrk gS A mudks igpkuuk cgqrt:jh gS A mudk eq[; dkj.k D;k gS] igpku djuk A

1- leL;k ds lek/ku ds dkSu&dkSu ls jkLrs gSa& gj leL;k ds lek/ku ds dbZ jkLrs gksrs gSa]ml jkLrs esa :dkoV dh leL;k D;k&D;k gS mldh Hkh igpku djuk A

2- lek/ku ds ,d lgh jkLrs pquuk&gj leL;k ds vusdksa lek/ku gksrs gSa muesa ls ,d lghlek/ku dks vPNkbZ vkSj cqjkbZ dh igpku djrs gq, pquuk A

3- lek/ku pquus ds jkLrs dks ykxw djuk& leL;k ds lek/ku dks pqudj ,d ;kstuk ds rgrlek/ku dh fn’kk esa iz;kl djuk A

4- lek/ku ds jkLrs dk fo'ys"k.k djuk& leL;k dk lek/ku gksus ds ckn mu lHkh pj.kksa dkfo'ys"k.k djuk A

5- izkjafHkd voLFkk esa leL;kvksa dh igpku dj lek/ku djuk&

fof/&dsl LVMhizf'k{kd dks uhps fn;s x, dsl LVMh dks le>kukgjukSr CykWd ds fMgjhx<+ iapk;r ds nsoh thfodk lewg esa ,d lnL; xkSjh nsoh fdlh dke dsfy, loZlEefr ls 1000@& :i, dtZ ysrh gS A lewg mldks 10 fd'rksa esa okil djus dh ckr ijdtZ nsrh gS A xkSjh gj ehfVax esa vkrh gS vkSj cpr tek djrh gS fdarq fdlh otg ls r; fd;sx, fd’r ds vuqlkj iSls okil ugha djrh gS] dqN le; ckn ehfVax esa vkuk Hkh can dj nsrh gSA lewg dh lnL;k;sa mlds ugha vkus ds dkj.k xkSjh ds ?kj tkrh gS vkSj iSls okil djus dks dgrhgS A xkSjh tokc nsrh gS fd esjs ikl vHkh iSls ugha gS A esjs cpr ls gh esjs dtZ ds iSls dks dkVys A

egRoiw.kZ iz'u&

♦♦♦♦♦ xkSjh nsoh dk dtZ fdruk gS\

♦♦♦♦♦ iSls okilh dh fd’r fdruk cuk gS\

♦♦♦♦♦ iSls okil D;ksa ugha djrh\

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg ds lnL; ?kj ij vkdj xkSjh ls iwNk rks xkSjh us D;k tokc fn;k \mijksDr iz'uksa ds lnL;ksa ds }kjk mÙkj vkus ds ckn izf'k{kd dks izkjafHkd voLFkk esaleL;kvksa dh igpku dj lek/kku djuk vkSj le>kuk pkfg, AleL;k dks vxj izkjafHkd voLFkk esa gh igpku dj fy;k tk, rFkk lek/ku dk dkj.k irkdj fy;k tk, rks mldk izHkko T;knk ugha gksrk A vxj lek/ku ugha fd;k x;k rks leL;ktfVy gks tk,xk A vkSj lewg esa fookn mRiUu gks tk,axs rFkk lewg dk Hkfo”; [krjs esa iM+tk,xk A

6- leL;k lek/ku esa lewg ds inkf/dkfj;ksa vkSj lnL;ksa dh Hkwfedk ,oa mÙkjnkf;Ro&fof/& NksVs Lo;a lgk;rk lewg esa ppkZ

izf'k{kd dks leL;k ds lek/ku ds fy, nks xqzi esa ckaVuk rFkk nksuksa xzqi ls vk, tokc dksuhps fn, x, fcanqvksa dks tksM+dj lnL;ksa dk le>kuk A

Lkewg ds lnL;1- leL;k dks igpku dj lek/ku djus esa usrk dks enn djuk A2- tks leL;k gS og leL;k fdlh ,d dk ugha A lewg dh leL;k gS bldh le> iSnk

gksuk vkSj blds lek/ku esa lcdh lqfuf'pr Hkkxhnkjh gksuh pkfg, A

lewg ds inkf/dkjh (usrk)1- leL;k dks igpku dj 'kq:vkr esa gh lnL; dks tkx:drk ykuk A2- lnL;ksa ds lg;ksx ls leL;k ds lek/ku dk igpku djuk A3- leL;k dk lek/ku djuk A4- leL;k ds lek/ku esa izR;sd pj.kksa dks fo'ys"k.k djds vkxs c<+uk A

izf'k{k.k ds ckn izf'k{kd dks lewg ds lnL;ksa esa fdruh le> iSnk gqbZ fuEu fn;s x;s iz'uksals iwNdj Lo;a vkdyu djuk pkfg, A

iz'u& leL;k D;k gS\& fookn vkSj leL;k esa D;k varj gS\& leL;k ds fdrus izdkj gSa\& leL;k dk lek/ku fdl rjg ls djuk pkfg, \& leL;k dks izkjafHkd voLFkk esa dSls igpku dj lek/ku djuk \& leL;k ds lek/ku esa lewg ds lnL;ksa ,oa inkf/kdkfj;ksa dh Hkwfedk ,oa mÙkjnkf;RoD;k gS\

lewg dh lnL;ksa dks lewg ls vkus okyh vusd leL;kvksa dh igpku dj mudk lek/kudjus dk {kerk fodkl gksrk gS A

fookn vkSj bldk fuiVkjk

mi fo"k;%&1- fookn dk eryc D;k gS\2- fookn D;ksa gksrs gSa\3- fookn ds izdkj A

4- lewg esa fookn dk izdkj A5- fookn dk fuiVkjk ;k [kRe djus dk rjhdk A6- fookn ds [kRe ugha gksus ds dqizHkko A

izf'k{k.k&lkexzh%1- pkVZ isij2- ekdZj3-

izf'k{k.k dk rjhdk%1- dgkuh2- jksy Iys

le;%

1- fookn D;k gS\(dgkuh ds ek/;e ls iQSflyhVsVj le>krk gS)

fdlh xkao esa yYyw] jkew vkSj eaxy uke ds rhu nksLr jgrs gSa A bu rhuksa esa *nkar dkVh jksVh* dhrjg fe=krk gS A rhuksa ,d nwljs ds fy, tku rd nsus dks rS;kj jgrs gSa A bu rhuksa fe=ksa dh fo'ks"krk;g gS fd yYyw cgqr vPNk ewfrZdkj gS] jkew cgqr vPNk lksukj gS vkSj eaxy cgqr vPNk fp=kdkjgS A ,d le; dh ckr gS fd yYyw us feV~Vh dk ,d cgqr vPNk eksj cuk;k] nwljs fe=k jkew useksj dh ewfrZ dks dkQh vPNk gkj iguk;k] tcfd rhljs fe=k eaxy us feV~Vh ds eksj dh bl ewfrZesa dkiQh [kwclwjr jax Hkj fn;k A vc feV~Vh dk ;g eksj cgqr [kwclwjr fn[kbZ ns jgk Fk A ,d fnu,d lk/q m/kj ls xqtj jgk Fkk] eksj dks ns[kdj mlus dgk] vgk fdruk vPNk eksj gS A rhuksa fe=kksaus lk/q ls vkxzg fd;k] egkjkt vxj bl feV~Vh ds eksj esa tku vk tk, rks ge rhuksa dk esgurlQy gks tk, A rhuksa fe=ksa ds vkxzg dks ns[krs gq, lk/q us feV~Vh ds ml eksj esa tku Mky fn, vkSjns[krs gh ns[krs og vlyh eksj cu dj pyus&fQjus yxk A blds ckn lk/q rks viuh jkg pyk x;k]ysfdu rhuksa fe=ksak dh uh;r cny xbZ A rhuksa lkspus yxs fd eksj mldk gks tk, A vkSj bl ckr dksysdj rhuksa esa yM+kbZ&>xM+k gksus yxk A

(iQSflyhVsVj dks dgkuh [kRe djus ds ckn lnL;ksa ls fuEu iz'u iwNus pkfg,)

1- rhuksa nksLrksa ds chp *nkar dkVh jksVh* dh rjg fe=rk Fkh A buds chp esa D;k gks x;k visf{krmÙkj&(iQSflyhVsVj dks fuEukafdr mÙkjksa dks tksM+dj O;k[;k djuk pkfg,)

1- LokFkZ2- visf{kr pht uk feyus ds dkj.k fookn3- R;kx dh Hkkouk dk ugha gksuk

1- fookn D;ksa gksrs gSa\izf'k{k.k dk rjhdk%&1- vuqHkoksa dh ppkZ2- jksy&Iys@vH;kl

jksy Iys%&

♦♦♦♦♦ izf'k{kqvksa esa ls pkj yksxksa dh vka[ksa esa pkj vyx&vyx jaxksa ds IykfLVd@isij cka/ nsukpkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ iqu% mu pkjksa ls ,d lQsn lk pht muds lkeus j[kuk pkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ iqu% mu pkjksa ls vyx&vyx ml pht dk jax iwNuk pkfg, A

blds ckn iSQflyhVsVj dks muls fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwNuk pkfg, A1- pkjksa lnL;ksa }kjk crk, x, jaxksa esa dkSu lk jax lgh gS \2- pkjksa lnL; vkil esa crk, x, jaxksa dks Lohdkj djrs gSa ;k ugha \

mijksDr iz'u iwNus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj dks visf{kr mÙkj esa fuEu nks phtsa tksM+dj vH;kl djkukpkfg, A1- pkjksa lnL;ksa ls vius vka[kksa ij ls jax dh iV~Vh mrkj dj ml pht dk jax iwNuk pkfg,2- lHkh lnL;ksa ls ,d gh rjg dk mÙkj feyrk gS A

;kuh (liQsn jax dh pht) A(iQSflyhVsVj visf{kr mÙkjksa dks tksM+dj ;g Li"V djuk pkfg, fd ,d O;fDr ds vuqHko vkSjfopkj dk lEeku ugha djus ds dkj.k fookn gksrk gS½

1- vuqHkoksa dh ppkZ%&iQSflyhVsVj dks izf'k{kqvksa ls mij okf.kZr jksy&Iys ds laca/ esa vius&vius vuqHko tkuuk pkfg,iQSflyhVsVj dks lHkh lnL;ksa ds vuqHko tkuus ds ckn uhps of.kZr iz'u dks iwNuk pkfg, A

iz'u&1 fookn D;ksa gksrk gS\iQSflyhVsVj dks visf{kr mÙkj tkus ds ckn uhps ds fcanqvksa dks tksM+dj crkuk pkfg, A

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL;ksa ds vyx&vyx vuqHko gksus ds dkj.k vyx&vyx fopkj gksrs gSa A

♦♦♦♦♦ ,d&nwljs ds mij fo’okl ugha gksus ds A

♦♦♦♦♦ vkil esa lnL;ksa ds chp dE;wfuds’ku lgh ugha gksus ds dkj.k A

♦♦♦♦♦ ,d&nwljs ds fopkjksa dk lEeku ugha djus ds dkj.k A

♦♦♦♦♦ vkil esa lnL;ksa esa ikjLifjd laca/k vPNk ugha jgus ds dkj.k A

1- fookn ds izdkjizf'k{k.k dk rjhdk%&1- czsuLVksjfeax2- dsl LVMh ;k jksy&Iys

iQSflyhVsVj dks izf'kf{kdksa ls ;g iz'u iwNuk pkfg, fd fookn ds fdrus izdkj gSsa\ visf{kr mÙkjlnL;ksa ls tkuus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj dks fuEu va'kksa dks tksM+dj crkuk pkfg, A1- Lo;a O;fDr ds vanj fookn2- nks O;fDr;ksa ds chp fookn3- O;fDr vkSj lewg ds chp fookn4- nks lewgksa ds chp fookn

(iQSflyhVsVj dks mijksDr pkjksa rjg ds fookn dks dsl LVMh ;k jksy&Iys ds ekè;e ls le>kukpkfg,)1- Lo;a O;fDr ds vanj fookn&Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dh ,d lnL; vius lewg ls dtZ ysuk

pkgrh gS A mlds vanj }a} iSnk gksrk gS fd HkSal [kjhnus ds fy, dtZ ywa ;k ?kj cukusds fy, A mls nksuksa dh gh t:jr gS A HkSal [kjhnus ls mldh vkenuh c<+ tk,xh tcfd?kj cukus ls mls jgus ds fy, Nr fey tk,xk A vr% bl ckr dks ysdj mlds vanjfookn gksrk gS A

2- nks O;fDr;ksa ds chp fookn& lewg dh ,d efgyk lewg ls ikjpwu dh nqdku [kksyusds fy, dtZ ekaxrh gS A lewg dh gh ,d nwljh lnL; tks igys ls gh ikjpwu dh nqdkuhpykrh gS] igyh efgyk dks Vksd nsrh gS fd dgha oks mlls vkxs u c<+ tk, A

3- O;fDr vkSj lewg ds chp fookn& lewg dh ,d lnL; lewg ds fu;eksa dk ikyu ughadjrh gS A og fu;fer cpr Hkh ugha djrh gS vkSj lewg ls T;knk jde dtZ ds :iesa ekax djrh gS A lewg ds ckdh lnL; mls T;knk jde dtZ ds :i esa ugha nsuk pkgrsgSa rks og HkM+d mBrh gS A

4- nks lewgksa ds chp fookn& ,d gh xkao ds nks vyx&vyx lewg xkao ds izkFkfedfo|ky; esa py jgs *eè;kg~u Hkkstu ;kstuk* gsrq [kkuk cukus dk vkosnu Mkyrh gS Amuesa ls fdlh ,d lewg dks ;g Bsdk fey tkrk gS rks nwljs lewg dh efgyk,a ls >xM+iM+rh gSa A

5- blds ckn iQSflyhVsVj dks uhps fn, x, iz’uksa dks iwNuk pkfg,&(pkjksa dsl LVMh dslanHkZ esa)

iz'u& 1 fookn D;ksa gksrk gS\2 fookn ds izdkj\bu nksuksa iz'uksa ds visf{kr mÙkj tkuus ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj dks ckj&ckj le>kuk pkfg,

4- lewg esa fookn ds izdkj%&izf'k{k.k dk rjhdk%&

1- y?kq lewg ifjppkZ

iQSflyhVsVj dks lHkh izf’k{kqvksa dks NksVs&NksVs lewg ds :Ik esa pkj ;k ikap lewg esa ckaV nsukpkfg, vkSj muds ifjppkZ ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj dks muds visf{kr mÙkj dks uhps fn, x, va'ksaesa tksM+dj crkuk pkfg, &

♦♦♦♦♦ dtZ eatwj ugha gksus ds dkj.k

♦♦♦♦♦ fu;fer cpr ugha djus ls fookn

♦♦♦♦♦ le; ij dtZ dh okilh ugha djus ls fookn

♦♦♦♦♦ inkf/dkfj;ksa ds usr`Ro lgh <ax ls ugha gksus ds dkj.k fookn

♦♦♦♦♦ fdUgha nks [kkl lnL;ksa ds chp ikfjokfjd >xM+s dh otg ls fookn

(iQSflyhVsVj dks mij of.kZr izdkjksa ds vfrfjDr dqN vkSj Hkh fooknksa dks vius vuqHko lstksM+dj crkuk pkfg,)

lewg esa fookn ds dkj.k%&

♦♦♦♦♦ LokFkhZ gksuk

♦♦♦♦♦ Lkewg esa fu;e ugha gksus ds dkj.k

♦♦♦♦♦ vkil esa izfr;ksfxrk dk Hkko j[kuk

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg ds dk;Zdykiksa esa ckgjh O;fDr dk gLr{ksi

5- fookn dks iwoZ lko/kkfu;ka vkSj fuiVkjkizf'k{k.k dk rjhdk%&

1- jksy&IysiQSflyhVsVj dks izf'k{qkvksa esa ls 8 ;k10 efgykvksa dks vyx&vyx [kM+k dj nsuk pkfg, Afdlh ,d efgyk dks lewg dk inkf/dkjh cuk nsuk pkfg, vkSj og efgyk lHkh lnL;ksa lsvyx&vyx mlds ?kj tkdj cpr tek djrh gSa vkSj vius i'kZ esa j[krh tkrh gS A iqu% ,dlnL; vkdj iwNrh gS fd nhnh esjk cpr fdruk gqvk gS A lewg dh inkf/dkjh mldh cprde cksyrh gS vkSj dgrh gS fd fiNys lIrkg dk cpr mlus tek ugha fd;k gS A bl ckrij nksuksa ds chp fookn gks tkrk gS A

jksy&Iys ds ckn iQSflyhVsVj dks fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwNus pkfg, A1- fookn dk dkj.k D;k gS\2- bl fookn dks gksus ls dSls jksdk tk ldrk gS\

blds ckn iQSflyhVsVj dks visf{kr mÙkj esa fuEufyf[kr va'kksa dks tksM+dj O;k[;k djuk pkfg,&

♦♦♦♦♦ lewg dk dksbZ fu;e ugha gksus ds dkj.k

♦♦♦♦♦ inkf/dkfj;ksa dks vius ftEesokjh dh tkudkjh ugha gksus ds dkj.k

♦♦♦♦♦ ikjnf'kZrk ugha gksus ds dkj.k

♦♦♦♦♦ lnL;ksa vkSj inkf/dkfj;ksa ds chp esa vkilh fo'okl ugha gksus ds dkj.k

♦♦♦♦♦ le; ij dtZ ugha feyus ds dkj.kys[kk&tks[kk ugha gksus ds dkj.k

(iQSflyhVsVj dks ;g Li”V djuk pkfg, fd vxj bu phtksa dk ikyu gks rks fookn dks gksusls jksdk tk ldrk gS)

VO Concept xzke laxBu& xjhch fuokj.k laLFkku

mn~ns';& xzke laxBu dh vko’;drk vkSj blds egRo ds ckjs esa lnL;ksa dks tkudkjh gksrh Arjhdk& foLr`r lewg dk ifjppkZ] jksVh@Hksu Mk;xzke izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls xjhch ds D;kdkj.k gSa] iz'u iwNuk pkfg, AlnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj vkus ds ckn izf’k{kd dks xjhch ds fuEufyf[kr dkj.k tksM+rs gq,le>kuk pkfg, A

1- vk; dk dksbZ lzksr ugha A2- volj ugha A3- laifÙk ugha A4- Hkwfe ugha A5- vlk{kjrk A6- LokLF; leL;k,a A

izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls xjhch ds dkj.k ds tokc ekaxrs oDr ;k mls le>krs le; lkjs dkj.k dks,d vyx&vyx xksy jksVh ds vkdkj esa dVs gq, pkVZl esa fy[krs pyk tkuk pkfg, vkSj ;g crkukpkfg, fd dkSu ls dkj.k Lo;a lgk;rk ds }kjk nwj fd;s tk ldrs gSa vkSj dkSu ls dkj.k nwj ughafd;s tk ldrs gSa A

izf'k{kd dks lykg&1- izf'k{kd dks jksVh ds vkdkj ds fofHkUu ;k vyx&vyx vkdkj esa xksy dVs gq, pkVZ

igys ls gh rS;kj j[kus pkfg, A

2- lnL;ksa dks ;g le>kuk pkfg, fd mudh utj esa tks xjhch ds cM+s dkj.k gSa mls cM+spkVZl esa rFkk NksVs dkj.k dks NksVs pkVZl esa fy[ksa A

3- iqu% ,d cM+s vkdkj dk xksy dVk gqvk pkVZl fnoky ij fpidkuk pkfg, vkSj mldschp esa xjhch ds dkj.k fn[kkus pkfg, A

4- mlds ckn xjhch ds dkj.k fy[ks gq, vyx&vyx pkVZ dks ml cM+s pkVZl ij blvk/kj ij fpidkuk pkfg, fd tks dkj.k Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ds }kjk lqy>k, tk ldrsgS mls pkVZ esa nwj fpidkuk pkfg, vkSj tks lewg ds }kjk nwj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS mlsutnhd fpidkuk pkfg, A

blds ckn izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwNuk pkfg,&1- xjhch ds dkSu ls ,sls dkj.k gSa tks vklkuh ls nwj fd;k tk ldrk gS\2- xjhch ds dkSu ls ,sls dkj.k gSa ftls nwj djus ds fy, yxkrkj iz;kl fd;s tk ldrs

gS\3- xjhch ds dkj.kksa dks nwj djus ds fy, Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ds }kjk D;k fd;k tk ldrk

gS\lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj ikus ds ckn izf’k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr fcUnq tksM+dj le>kuk pkfg,&xkao ds lkjs Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa dks ,d lkFk tksM+dj xzke laxBu cukuk pkfg, rkfd xjhchdks Hkxkus ds fy, vkSj etcwrh ls iz;kl fd;k tk ldrk gS A

xzke laxBu& xjhch ds dkj.kksa ij ppkZ djus okyk ,d laLFkku Arjhdk& jksy&Iys foLr‘r lewg ifjppkZ

jksy&Iys&izf'k{kd dks 6 lnL;ksa dks cqykdj mls uhps fn, x, funsZ'k ds vuqlkj jksy&Iys djus dks dgukpkfg,&1- lnL; dwM+k&dpM+k ?kj ds lkeus iQsadrs gSa vkSj ukys dk ikuh lM+d ij cgkrs gSa] ftlds dkj.k

vLokLF;dj ekgkSy mRiUu gksrs gSa vkSj ePNj ml ij mM+rs gSa A2- ,d cPpk ePNj ds dkVus dh otg ls eysfj;k ls xzflr gks tkrk gS A3- cPps dks Mk0 ls fn[kkus ds ckn Hkh cq[kkj ckj&ckj vk tkrk gS A

jksy&Iys ds ckn izf'k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwNuk pkfg,&& cPps dks eysfj;k cq[kkj gksus ds D;k dkj.k gSa\& cPps dks Mk0 ls fn[kkus ds ckn Hkh iqu% cq[kkj gksus ds D;k dkj.k gks ldrs gSa\& D;k egRoiw.kZ gSa\

xjhch ds dkj.kksa ls fuiVk tk, ;k tks O;fDr xjhch ds dkj.k ds fy, ftEesnkj gSa mlls fuiVktk, \lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj ikus ds ckn izf'k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr fcUnq tksM+dj fuEu rjg lsle>kuk pkfg,&xjhch ds dkj.kksa dks nwj djrs le; gesa oSls O;fDr;ksa ls Hkh ckrphr djuk pkfg, tks xjhchds dkj.k iSnk djrs gSa A

xzke laxBu& lkjs xjhcksa dk ,d eaprjhdk& fnekxh dljr] [ksy] dgkuh& lnL;ksa ls fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwNk tkuk pkfg, A xjhcksa ds }kjk dkSu&dkSu ls leL;k dklkeuk fd;k tk ldrk gS\& D;k ;s leL;k,a vdsys ,d O;fDr ls ;k ,d ifjokj ds }kjk nwj fd;k tk ldrk gS\

lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj ikus ds ckn izf'k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr va'k tksM+dj le>kuk pkfg, A& xjhc yksx cgqr rjg dh leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djrs gSa A& os leL;k;sa vdsys ,d O;fDr ls ;k ,d ifjokj ds }kjk nwj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS A

jksy&Iys& izf'k{kd dks lyk

& izf'k{kd dks pkVZ ds NksVs&NksVs VqdM+s ij ,d ls ukS rd dh la[;k,a fy[k dj rS;kj j[kuh pkfg,(vyx&vyx pkVZ ij)& lnL;ksa esa ls 9 lnL; dks cqykdj mUgsa ,d&,d pkVZ ns nsuk pkfg, A& izf'k{kd dks izR;sd lnL; ls mlds ua0 ds ckjs esa iwNuk pkfg, A& lkjs lnL; vius&vius pkVZ ij fy[ks la[;kvksa dks dgrs gSa blds ckn izf'k{kd lnL;ksa dksvius&vius la[;k ds vuqlkj [kM+s gksus dks dgrs gSa vkSj pkVZ dks vius 'kjhj ls fpidk dj [kM+sgks tkrs gSa A& mlds ckn izf'k{kd la[;kvksa dks feykdj tksj ls cksysxk 12] 34] 56] 789blds ckn izf'k{kd lnL;ksa ls iwNrs gSa fd os bl [ksy ls D;k le>sa vkSj blds ckn fuEufyf[krfcanqvksa dks tksM+dj le>krs gSa&& vxj lnL; vdsys gSa rks os detksj gSa vkSj muds 'kCnksa dk dksbZ egRo ugha gS A& vxj lnL; ,d lkFk gks tkrs gSa rks mudh ckrksa dk egRo c<+ tkrk gS A

xzke laxBu& lnL;ksa vkSj fofHkUu rjg dh lsokvksa ds chp ,d e/;LFkrjhdk& foLr`r lewg ifjppkZizf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa dks fuEufyf[krpkVZ fn[kkuk pkfg, A

xzke laxBulnL;ksa vkSj lsokvksa ds chp,d e/;LFk pkVZ fn[kkus dsckn fuEufyf[kr <ax ls O;k[;k djuh pkfg, A & xzke laxBu xjhcksa vkSj xjhcksadks feyus okyh fofHkUu rjg dh ljdkjh vkSj xSj&ljdkjh lsokvksa ds chp ,d e/;LFk dhrjg dk;Z djrk gS A& xzke laxBu Lo;a lgk;rk lewg vkSj iz[kaM Lrjh; la?k ds chp e/;LFk dk dke djrk gS& xzke laxBu fofHkUu rjg dh leL;kvksa vkSj eqn~nksa dks lacaf/kr laLFkkvksa ds le{k mBkrhgS vkSj bl rjg ,d leL;k lek/kku lfefr ds :i esa dk;Z djrh gS A

xzke laxBu& ,d cgqeq[kh laLFkkurjhdk& vkbZ0 ,y0 ,e0 foLr`r lewg ifjppkZizf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa dks fuEufyf[kr pkVZ fn[kkus pkfg, A

lkekftd lsok,a vR;ar xjhc ,oa xjhcksa dk lewg Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk i;Zos{k.k nwljhlaLFkkvksa ls tqM+ko ,oa etcwrhdj.kfoÙkh; lsok,a izf'k{k.k izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls fuEufyf[krloky iwNus pkfg, A1- pkVZl dks ns[kdj vkius D;k&D;k lh[kk\2- xzke laxBu ds }kjk vkius Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa (lnL;ksa) dks dkSu&dkSu lh lsok,a iznku

fd, tkrs gSa\

lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj ikus ds ckn izf'k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr va'kksa dks tksM+dj le>kuk pkfg,fd ,d xzke laxBu vius lnL; lewgksa ds fy, fuEufyf[kr lsok,a iznku djrs gSa&1- leL;kvksa dh igpku ,oa bldk lek/ku&

· lkekftd eqn~nksa dh igpku· lkekftd leL;kvksa ds lek/ku gsrq dk;Z ;kstuk cukuk· vfuok;Z lkekftd fu;e cukuk

2- foÙkh; dks"k&· xzke laxBu vius iQaM ls rFkk fofHkUu cSad] ljdkjh ,tsafl;ka ,oa vU; foÙkh; laLFkkvksa

ls leUo; dj vius lnL; lewgksa ds foÙkh; vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus dh dksf'k'kdjrk gS A

3- vR;ar xjhc ,oa xjhcksa dk lewg cukuk&· lkjs xjhc ,oa vR;ar xjhc dks lewg ls tksM+uk· lkjs xjhc ifjokjksa dh ,drk ,oa leUo; ls xzke laxBu xjhch ls ckgj fudyus ij ppkZ

djrs gSa4- Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk vuqJo.k ,oa etcwrhdj.k&

· xzke laxBu vius lkjs lnL; lewgksa dk ewY;kadu djrh gS· xzke laxBu] Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa }kjk xjhch ls ckgj vkus ds iz;klksa dk ewY;kadu djrh

gS· xzke laxBu vius lnL; lewgksa dk xq.koÙkk dk è;ku j[krh gS

5- rduhdh lsok,a&· xzke laxBu vius lnL; lewgksa ds izf'k{k.k vko’;drk dk igpku djrh gS vkSj

vko';drkuqlkj izf'k{k.k nsdj mudk {kerkc¼Zu djrh gS· xzke laxBu vius lewgksa dks vads{k.k dh lqfo/k iznku djrk gS· xzke laxBu m|ferk fodkl laca/h lsok,a Hkh iznku djrk gS

6- vU; laLFkkvksa ls tqM+ko&· vius lnL; lewgksa ds vko';drk dh iwfrZ gsrq xzke laxBu ljdkjh ,oa xSj ljdkjh nksuksa

laLFkkvksa ls leUo; djrh gS] tSls&Mh0vkj0Mh0,0] ,u0th0vks0· xzke laxBu vius lnL; lewgksa dks crkrk gS fd dkSu&dkSu ls lsok,a rduhdh ,oa

izf'k{k.k laca/h lsok,a iznku djrk gS

6- fu;e cuokus esa enn&· xzke laxBu vius lnL;¼lewg½ dks fodkl ds fy, fofHkUu fu;e cuokus esa enn

djrk gSblds ckn izf'k{kd dks pkVZ fn[kkdj mldk fooj.k djuk pkfg,&

** xzke laxBu cSyxkM+h ds ,d ifg, dh rjg gS vkSj bldh lkjh lsok,a ifg, ds cYysdh rjg gSa A vxj ,d cYys Hkh Bhd ls dke ugha djsa rks xzke laxBu vPNk dke ugha djldssxk A **

xzke laxBu&laLFkkrjhdk& foLr`r lewg ifjppkZizf'k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwNuk pkfg,&1- xjhcksa ds }kjk vius nSfud thou esa D;k&D;k phtsa [kjhnus iM+rs gSa\2- lkjs lkeku vdsys [kjhns tkrs gSa ;k lkewfgd :i ls\3- lkjs oLrqvksa dks ,d lkFk lkewfgd :i ls <sj lkjh ek=k esa [kjhnus ds D;k iQk;ns gSa]

vkSj ;s lkjs lkeku vyx&vyx O;fDr;ksa }kjk [kjhnus ds D;k gkfu;ka gSa\

O;fDrxr [kjhnnkjh ds gkfu;ka&· Åaps nkeksa ij Hkh xq.kkRed :i ls vPNh oLrq dk dz; ugha· Lkekuksa dks <ksdj ykus dk HkkM+k· Lkekuksa dks cspus ij vPNs dher ugha

Lkewfgd [kjhnnkjh ds Qk;ns&· xq.kkRed n`f"V ls vpNh oLrqvksa dk dz;· ;k=k O;; de gks tkrk gS· e/;LFk ;k nyky dh vko’;drk ugha· eki&rkSy esa csbZekuh ugha pyrh gS· lkekuksa dk laxzg fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ckn esa Åaps dher ij cspk tk ldrk gS· cktkj Hkko dk irk yxkrs gSa vkSj lkekuksa dks [kjhnus ;k cspsus dk rjhdk lh[krs gSa· lkekuksa dks vPNs dherksa ij csp ikrs gSa

var esa izf'k{kd dks lnL;ksa ls fuEufyf[kr loky iwNus pkfg,&1- xzke laxBu D;k gS\

2- xzke laxBu D;ksa vko';d gS\3- xzke laxBu xjhcksa ds fodkl esa D;k enn djrk gS\

lnL;ksa ls visf{kr mÙkj ikus ds ckn izf'k{kd dks fuEufyf[kr ckrsa tksM+dj le>kuk pkfg,&· xzke laxBu <sj lkjs Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa dk ,d laxBu gS A· ,d lewg vdsys cgqr cM+h leL;kvksa dk lek/kku ugha dj ikrk gS tcfd <sj lkjs

lewgksa dks ,d lkFk laxfBr gksus ij etcwrh vk tkus ds dkj.k lkjh leL;kvksa dklek/ku gksrk gS A

· xzke laxBu xjhcksa dks lkekftd] foÙkh;] rduhdh ,oa vU; ljdkjh ,oa xSj ljdkjhlaLFkkvksa ls tqM+ko ;k leUo; dj mlds xjhch ds lek/kku esa lgk;rk djrk gS A

1- xjhc yksx dkSu · 1-xjhc yksx dkSu \rjhdk % czsuLVkWfeaZx (Brain Storming) (fnekxh dljr) ♦...

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Transcript of 1- xjhc yksx dkSu · 1-xjhc yksx dkSu \rjhdk % czsuLVkWfeaZx (Brain Storming) (fnekxh dljr) ♦...