1 X-10 Beyond the Basics EH-Expo, S20, Cell #A Good Afternoon!!! Good Afternoon!!! Welcome to the...

1 X-10 Beyond the BasicsEH-Expo, S20, Cell #A

Good Afternoon!!!Good Afternoon!!!Welcome to the class.

EH-Expo 2003EH-Expo 20032-Way X-10 & 2-Way X-10 &

Intro to Intro to Extended Code!Extended Code!

Conference: February 26 - March 1, 2003– Orange County Convention Center, Orlando FLConference: February 26 - March 1, 2003– Orange County Convention Center, Orlando FL

S20S20

Feb 26, 2003 Feb 26, 2003 4:00pm-4:00pm-5:00pm5:00pm


Good Afternoon!!!Good Afternoon!!!Welcome to the class.

EH-Expo 2003EH-Expo 20032-Way X-10 & 2-Way X-10 &

Intro to Intro to Extended Code!Extended Code!

On what was to be his last day, Gus is caught asleep at the switch.


Welcome to the Class• Purpose of Class ---

– This class is mostly “Technical” (with a smattering of opinion and the ramblings of a demented mind).

– The intent is to provide a basic understanding of the X-10 “Basic” and “Extended Code” protocol as well as 2-way and maybe a little bit of troubleshooting.

• What We Will Discuss ---– We will review X-10 Basic Code, introduce “Extended”

code and show the evolution of X-10 devices.

• What You Will Gain ---– You will get practical, real-world information about PLC.


Welcome to the Class• Introductions ---

– I’m Phil Kingery from ACT in Indianapolis. My fax is 317-337-0200 or email me at [email protected].

• Handouts ?? ---– Yes, I have a few, but don’t bury you head in them.

• If You Want Copies ---– Sorry, this presentation is not for sale. You may video *

tape or audio tape the class, for your own use, of course.

* With the permission of ACT and EH-Expo, your video and/or audio tapes are for your use only, not to be duplicated, altered, edited, changed, sold or used for profit. They are not to be used in a class room

environment, and of course the content will forever remain the property of me and ACT.


If You Were Wondering...• How I Teach --

– I teach the same way I learn: Linearly– (...and I like audience participation, but not your cell phone.)

• Questions !! ---– Please hold your questions until the appropriate time

(trust me, I’ll let you know).

• Complex Examples !! ---– Time permitting, we will try to squeeze some complex

questions and examples at the end.

• Notes !! –-- Make you notes in your handouts.


12

6

11 1

7 5

10 2

9 3

8 4

What to Expect Today.....What to Expect Today.....

The X-10 Protocol: Basic Code, introduction to Extended Code &

an explanation of its advantages.

True 2-way: An explanation of “2-way” as it pertains to X-10.

(If time permits) Complex Coupling & Troubleshooting:

Examples of both (I hope).

Your questions and situations.

Introduction: What we will cover (and what we will not).


So, If you are in Home and So, If you are in Home and Building Automation....Building Automation....

……you need to understand you need to understand everything you can about how everything you can about how

“X-10” works. “X-10” works.


2-Way 2-Way Communications !!Communications !!

• The ability for every node to communicate with ever other node on the network?

• The ability for all communications to be varified with parity checks?

• An inherent design where all data packets are acknowledged by the intended receiver before the originator relinquishes the line and clears its own com buffer?

What What

“is”...“is”...


2-Way 2-Way Communications !!Communications !!

The ability for...

X-10 X-10

version version

of..of..

- every transmitter to also be a receiver. - every receiver to also be a transmitter?- receivers to be “polled” so that the

transmitter (or controller) knows the state (level) of that receiver.

- receivers to transmit their current state in the event of a manual change of state.

SoSo…What is the biggest

…What is the biggest

selling 2-way device in the


X-10 world??X-10 world??

SoSo…What is the biggest

…What is the biggest



X-10 world??X-10 world??The

TW523 !!

The TW523 !!


Which New Stuff Does Which New Stuff Does Ext’d and 2-Way?Ext’d and 2-Way?

Coupler Coupler RepeatersRepeaters



X-10 Pro’s PHC10..

…and PHC10D



The JDS StarGate


Which New Stuff Does Which New Stuff Does Ext’d and 2-Way?Ext’d and 2-Way?2-WAY 4-output receiver

2-WAY 4-output receiver

2-WAY277/480v Receiver

2-WAY277/480v Receiver

2-WAY120v Receiver

2-WAY120v Receiver



Many new Many new transmitters…transmitters…

Many new Many new transmitters…transmitters…

……and many and many new new

receivers.receivers.

……and many and many new new

receivers.receivers.


Easy 2-Way Examples:Easy 2-Way Examples:

A01-A01, AOn-AOn “ON”A01-A01, AStRq-AStRq



A01-A01, AStOn-AStOn



Push Off



A01-A01, AStOff-AStOff

New devices can also do:


1. Extended code direct


dimming,

dimming,

2. Scenes, …

2. Scenes, …

plus lots more.plus lots more.





dimming,

dimming,

2. Scenes, …

2. Scenes, …

plus lots more.plus lots more.

And now…

A fast and furious review of

X-10 Basic Code!!X-10 Basic Code!!

And now…

A fast and furious review of

X-10 Basic Code!!X-10 Basic Code!!


Immediately after a “Start Code”,a “Letter Code” is sent. (4 cycles)

1 1 0 0“P”

A = 0110B = 1110C = 0010D = 1010

E = 0001F = 1001G = 0101H = 1101

I = 0111J = 1111K= 0011L = 1011

M = 0000N = 1000O = 0100P = 1100


0 1 1 0 0

“1”Letter Code

...and immediately after the “Letter Code” comes a “Number Code”. (5 cycles)

1 = 011002 = 111003 = 001004 = 10100

5 = 000106 = 100107 = 010108 = 11010

9 = 0111010 = 1111011= 0011012 = 10110

13 = 0000014 = 1000015 = 0100016 = 11000

By the way, 1 start code + 1 letter + 1 function = 1 “frame”.


An X-10 transmitter “should” alwayssend the address data twicetwice.

An X-10 transmitter “should” alwayssend the address data twicetwice.

2 4 5

Number Code Start Code

Letter Code Letter Code

Start Code Number Code

Each eleven cycles (one start code, one letter code and one function code) is known as a “frame”.


2 4 5


Then another “Start Code”, followed by another “Letter Code”...

Then another “Start Code”, followed by another “Letter Code”...

1 1 0 0“P”

A = 0110B = 1110C = 0010D = 1010

E = 0001F = 1001G = 0101H = 1101

I = yeahJ = yeahK= blahL = blah

etc., etc.,so forthand so on...

Pulse, Pulse, Pulse, Nuthin’“Start Code”

But Then ....

But Then ....


0 0 1 0 1

“ON”Letter Code

...Then comes the the “Command Code”. (5 cycles)

...Then comes the the “Command Code”. (5 cycles)

On = 00101

Off = 00111

All Lts On = 00011

All Units Off = 00001

Bright = 01011

Dim = 01001

....and there are 9 other commands but they are either never or seldom used.


A typical “Basic Code” transmission takes placeover a duration of 47 cycles of the AC power.

A typical “Basic Code” transmission takes placeover a duration of 47 cycles of the AC power.

2 4 5 2 4 5 2 4 5 2 4 53

Number Code Start CodeLetter Code Letter Code

Start Code Command Code

Pause




What Commands are Available?What Commands are Available?• The 4 Most Often Used Commands: --

– “ON” “OFF” (pretty basic)– “DIM” “BRIGHT” (also basic stuff)

• The “Group” (or ‘Global’) Commands ---– “ALL LIGHTS ON”,“ALL UNITS OFF”– Plus the seldom used “ALL LIGHTS OFF”

• The “Status” Commands --- – “STATUS REQUEST” – “STATUS ON” & “STATUS OFF”

• The “Hail” Commands --- – “HAIL REQUEST” & “HAIL ACK”

NOW!NOW!


What Commands are Available?What Commands are Available?• The “Extended” Commands: --

– “EXTENDED CODE 1” (for Data/Control)– “EXTENDED CODE 2” (for Meter Read)– “EXTENDED CODE 3” (for Security)

• The Sixteenth Command ---– “Unused” (at least, as far as I know)

If you are wondering where the “Preset Dim” commands went, there are

“technically speaking”, no longer supported.


What Commands are Available?What Commands are Available?• The “Extended” Commands: --

– “EXTENDED CODE 1” (for Data/Control)

Since only “Extended

Code 1” is defined, (AFAIK)

that is the only one we

will talk about.

Since only “Extended

Code 1” is defined, (AFAIK)

that is the only one we

will talk about.


Binary….


= 00002= 010

Binary Decimal

= 00012= 110

= 00102= 210

= 00112= 310

= 01002= 410

= 01012= 510

= 01102= 610

= 01112= 710

= 10002= 810

= 10012= 910

= 10102= 1010

= 10112= 1110

= 11002= 1210

= 11012= 1310

= 11102= 1410

= 11112= 1510


Binary

00002 = 001010

00012 = 111010

00102 = 221010

00112 = 331010

01002 = 441010

01012 = 551010

01102 = 661010

01112 = 771010

10002 = 881010

10012 = 991010

10102 = 10101010

10112 = 11111010

11002 = 12121010

11012 = 13131010

11102 = 14141010

11112 = 15151010

= 016

= 116

= 216

= 316

= 416

= 516

= 616

= 716

= 816

= 916

= A16

= B16

= C16

= D16

= E16

= F16

to Decimal to Hexadecimal

Since most programming is done is ASCII, how do you know that a character is meant to be

hex?

It will (often) have 0x in front of it.

Therefore: 0xA = A16 = ten (in

decimal)

Since most programming is done is ASCII, how do you know that a character is meant to be

hex?

It will (often) have 0x in front of it.

Therefore: 0xA = A16 = ten (in

decimal)


So, what so great about Hexadecimal…at least, as far as X-10 notation is concerned?

1111 1111 1111 1111

1 byte 1 byteNibble Nibble Nibble Nibble



1111 1111 1111 111100002 = 001616

00012 = 111616

00102 = 221616

00112 = 331616

10002 = 881616

10012 = 991616

10102 = AA1616

10112 = BB1616

01002 = 441616

01012 = 551616

01102 = 661616

01112 = 771616

11002 = CC1616

11012 = DD1616

11102 = EE1616

11112 = FF1616



0001 1100 0011 0001

11



0001 1100 0011 0001

11 CC



0001 1100 0011 0001

11 CC 33



0001 1100 0011 0001

11 CC 33 11



0001 1100 0011 0001

11 CC 33 11Hex notation reduces 16 numerals to only 4

characters.

Before we diagram an

“Extended Code 1” data

frame, let’s review the

older “Basic Code” data

frame structure.

Before we diagram an

“Extended Code 1” data

frame, let’s review the

older “Basic Code” data

frame structure.


StandardStandard Code Code vs.vs. ExtendedExtended Code Code

One Basic Code data frame can be either an address or a command,

but not both.

BasicBasic

A01 A01 -or- AOn AOn

One “Frame” One “Frame” of dataof data


BasicBasic Code Code vs.vs. ExtendedExtended Code Code

Standard Code always takes 11

cycles of the sine wave.

Extended Code 1 Extended Code 1 always takes 31 always takes 31

cycles of the sine cycles of the sine wave.wave.


vs.vs. ExtendedExtended Code Code

Since data frames are always duplicated….

Extended code takes 62 cycles (or 1.017 seconds).Extended code takes 62

cycles (or 1.017 seconds).

Standard code Standard code usuallyusually takes takes 47 cycles (or 0.7833 seconds)47 cycles (or 0.7833 seconds)Standard code Standard code usuallyusually takes takes

47 cycles (or 0.7833 seconds)47 cycles (or 0.7833 seconds)

BasicBasic Code Code


Old Codes - New CodesOld Codes - New Codes

• Ext Code 0111Ext Code 0111- Now designated as "Ext Code 1", for data and control.

• Preset Dim (1) 1010Preset Dim (1) 1010- Now designated as "Ext Code 3", for security messages

• Preset Dim (2) 1011Preset Dim (2) 1011- Now designated as "Unused"

• Ext Data 1100 Ext Data 1100 - Now designated as "Ext Code 2", for meter read and DSM.



• Start CodeStart Code = 4 bits (non-complementary), • Letter CodeLetter Code = 4 bits, • Extended Code 1Extended Code 1 = 5 bits (01111), • Unit CodeUnit Code (device code) = 4 bits, • DataData = 8 bits, • CommandCommand = 8 bits..

AFAIK "Extended Code 1" is the only one in general use and has a defined frame length of 31 cycles (62 bits).


vs.vs. ExtendedExtended Code Code

If these 5 bits are “01111”, for Ext’d Code 1, then…

If these 5 bits are “01111”, for Ext’d Code 1, then…

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Unit Code Data Code Command Code

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Unit Code Data Code Command Code

BasicBasic Code Code


Extended Code 1 NotationExtended Code 1 Notation

A01AOn

Letter Code X10

notationCommand Code X10

notation

A[1]01

Number Code X10 notation

FF

FF

Command Byte Hex

notationData Byte Hex notation

Ext’d Code 1 ACT notation



A[1]011C31

Address A-- X10 notation

Ext’d Code 1 ACT notation

Address -01 X10 notation

Type 3 = Control Modules

(Hex)Data Byte = 2810 Hex notation

Dimmer =Go To value in data

byte



A[1]011C31 11100 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1

SC LC ExtCode1 Unit Data Byte Type Cmnd

11100 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1

SC LC ExtCode1 Unit Data Byte Type Cmnd



Data Byte 0-255 (0016 – FF16)

Letter Code A-P

Function (Command) 15 possible and 1 unused

Number (Unit) Code 01-16

Type 0-15

(016 – F16)

Command 0-15 (016 – F16)

A[1]011C31



• ““Extended Code 2Extended Code 2 is variable in length, depending on the type of message. It has its own separate ‘attention’ marker to separate it from all other formats.”

• ““Extended Code 3Extended Code 3 has been "assigned" for security but doesn't actually exist yet so its format has not yet been defined.”

• (Refer to X-10’s own XTC797 document, which can be downloaded from http://www.X10.com, for more info.)

AFAIK "Extended Code 1" is the only one in general use and has a defined frame length of 31 cycles (62 bits).


Extended Code Capabilities!Extended Code Capabilities!• More Features –More Features – Having “Ext’d Code” capability

allows for new products with advanced features like “scenes”, and “direct dimming” with 64 levels.

• More AddressesMore Addresses – Even though “Ext’d Code” does not automatically allow for more addresses, it does allow for expansion of the 256 address set.

• Increased ReliabilityIncreased Reliability – More polling options beyond that of “std code” but to take advantage of this, the new devices also need to be capable of “true 2-way”.

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