1 Strategies to Change the Nature of Scholarly Communication University of Hawaii 16 December 2003...
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Transcript of 1 Strategies to Change the Nature of Scholarly Communication University of Hawaii 16 December 2003...
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Nature of Scholarly Communication
University of Hawaii • 16 December 2003 • Honolulu, HI
Julia C. Blixrud • SPARC Assistant Director, Public Programs and ARL Assistant Executive Director, External Relations
SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING & ACADEMIC RESOURCES COALITION
An initiative of the Association of Research Libraries
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Drive to Acquire More Content
1998 2000 2002/03Blackwell Blackwell BlackwellChurchill Livingston Elsevier Candover & Cinven*Elsevier Harcourt Kluwer AcademicHarcourt Churchill Livingston SpringerKarger Mosby Elsevier Mosby Karger HarcourtPlenum Springer Churchill
LivingstonSpringer Taylor & Francis MosbyTaylor & Francis Wiley KargerThomson Wolters Kluwer Taylor &
FrancisWaverly Waverly WileyWiley Thomson Science Wolters KluwerWolters Kluwer PlenumTOTAL: 13 8 7
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Commercialization
Includes Primary & Secondary STM publishing.
Aggregators represent an additional $1.6 billion (Total: $9.5 billion.)
Source: Outsell Inc., "Industry Trends, Size and Players in the Scientific, Technical & Medical (STM) Market (Aug. 2000).
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SPARC Strategies (1)
1. Expanded non-profit publishing capacity
Alternative journals New digital platforms
2. New business models Open access journals
3. Disaggregated system Disciplinary repositories Institutional repositories
$300 $800
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Alternative Journals
Savings Oppty
Title Price Title PriceTopology & Its Applications
$2,645 Algebraic and Geometric Topology
Free $2,645
Journal of Crystal Growth
$9,911 Crystal Growth & Design
$1,853 $8,058
Evolutionary Ecology (price reduced in 2001)
$504 Evolutionary Ecology Research
$350 $154
Topology $1,400 Geometry & Topology
Free $1,400
Organic Geochemistry
$2,701 Geochemical Transactions
$100 $2,601
Sensors & Actuators, A&B (now separate)
$6,427 IEEE Sensors Journal
$425 $6,002
Machine Learning $1,093 Jnl of Machine Learning Research
Free $1,093
Plant Ecology (formerly Vegetatio)
$2,618 Jnl of Vegetation Science
$291 $2,327
Tetrahedron Letters $10,345 Organic Letters $2,850 $7,495 Chemical Physics Letters
$11,033 PhysChemComm $100 $10,933
Jnl of Logic & Algebraic Programming
$803 Theory & Practice of Logic Programming
$300 $503
$49,480 $6,269 $43,211
Established Title
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New Digital Platforms
Online information community for bioscience journals
Unique collaborative organization governed by scientific societies and libraries
Online information community for independent and society journals in mathematics and statistics
Created by Cornell University Libraries
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SPARC Strategies (2)
1. Expanded non-profit publishing capacity
Alternative journals New digital platforms
2. New business models Open-access journals
3. Disaggregated system Disciplinary repositories Institutional repositories
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Open Access
No-fee access on the public internet to works and data that are currently given away to publishers by researchers and scholars with no expectation of financial payment
Two complementary strategies Open access journals Self-archiving (institutional/disciplinary repositories)
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Open Access Offers
Expanded access to research
Expanded impact of research
Reduced systemic cost
Lawrence, Steve (2001). “Free online availability substantially increases a paper's impact.” Nature, Vol. 411, No. 6837, p. 521 <www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/lawrence.html>
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Open Access Statements
Budapest Open Access Initiative
www.soros.org/openaccess/
Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing
www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/bethesda.htm
The Wellcome Trust
www.wellcome.ac.uk/en/1/awtvispolpub.html
Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities
www.zim.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/ berlindeclaration.html
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Open Access Journals
Pay for publication, not access
Successful conversions will be pulled by community, not pushed by others.
Less impetus to go open access for moderate, empathetic publishers.
Will require experimentation
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Open Access Journals
Article publication fees Institution submission
charge Institutional contributions
& subsidies Grants Named gifts Off-print sales to authors
Advertising Sponsorships Partnerships Convenience format
licenses Differentiated printed
version Premium online version
Some options for paying the cost of publication:
No single model -- hybrids required to generate sufficient revenue.
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Open Access Resources
ARL Open Access Web Sitewww.arl.org/scomm/open_access/index.html
Guide to Business Planning for Converting a Subscription-based Journal to Open Accesswww.soros.org/openaccess/oajguides/html/business_converting.htm
Guide to Business Planning for Launching a New Open Access Journalwww.soros.org/openaccess/oajguides/html/business_planning.htm
Directory of Open Access Journalswww.doaj.org/
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SPARC Strategies (3)
1. Expanded non-profit publishing capacity
Alternative journals New digital platforms
2. New business models Open-access journals
3. Disaggregated system Disciplinary repositories Institutional repositories
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J O U R N A L
Aggregated System
Scholarly publishing comprises four functions:*
Current model: integrates these functions in journals
ARCHIVINGPreserving research
for future use
AWARENESSAssuring
accessibility of research
CERTIFICATIONCertifying the quality/validity of the research
REGISTRATIONEstablishing intellectual
priority
*Roosendaal, Hans E. and Peter A. Th. M. Geurts (1998). “Forces and functions in scientific communication: an analysis of their interplay.” CRISP 97.
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Disaggregated System
Scholarly publishing comprises four functions:
Disaggregated model: Allow functions to be fulfilled
independently
ARCHIVINGPreserving research
for future use
AWARENESSAssuring
accessibility of research
CERTIFICATIONCertifying the quality/validity of the research
REGISTRATIONEstablishing intellectual
priority
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How the Pieces Work Together
Author
Content Services
Reader
Institutional Repositories
Disciplinary Repositories
Peer-to-peerRepositories In
tero
per
abil
ity
Sta
nd
ard
s
Registration
Certification
Awareness
Archiving
JOURNALJOURNAL
Open repositories lessen or eliminate the content monopoly of
journals.
Societies, publishers, institutions, new entrants are
service providers.
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Issues Surrounding Open Access
The importance of reward structures The fear of absence of peer review The influence of funding organizations The power of authors self-archiving their
research papers in OAI-compliant repositories
The development of new business models The adjustments to accessing scholarly information
disseminated differently The concern that copyright and intellectual
property will be ignored
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To Be Part of the Open Access Movement Publish in open access journals when
possible (XML, pdf, HTML, TeX) If not possible, self-archive in OAI-
compliant repositories in a machine-readable format (such as XML)
Should that not be possible either, self-archive in other formats (such as pdf) However, in *any* case, make sure your articles are freely and publicly available!
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arc Julia C. Blixrud
Assistant Director, Public Programs
SPARC
21 Dupont Circle, Ste 800
Washington, DC 20036
202-296-2296 ext. 133
202-872-0884 (fax)
202-251-4678 (mobile)
SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING & ACADEMIC RESOURCES COALITION
An initiative of the Association of Research Libraries