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WiMAX

From Wikipedia: WiMAX, Slides of APRICOT 2006

최최최최양양양양희희희희

서울대학교서울대학교서울대학교서울대학교컴퓨터공학부컴퓨터공학부컴퓨터공학부컴퓨터공학부

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22008 Yanghee Choi

WiMAX

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for MicrowaveAccess)

• A standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last

mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable

and DSL

IEEE 802.16 standard

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32008 Yanghee Choi

WiMAX Forum

A non-profit industry body• Dedicated to promoting the adoption of this technology

• Ensuring that different vendors’ products will interoperate.

By developing conformance and interoperability test

plans and certification program.

WiMAX Forum Certified™ means a service provider can buy equipment from more than one company and

be confident that everything works together.

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42008 Yanghee Choi

WiMAX Technology

To provide fixed, nomadic, portable and, eventually,mobile wireless broadband connectivity without the

need for direct line-of-sight (LOS) with a base station.

For fixed and portable access applications

• Up to 40 Mbps per channel, in a cell radius of 3 ~ 10 km

For mobile network deployments

• Up to 15 Mbps per channel, in a cell radius up to 3 km

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52008 Yanghee Choi

Interesting Points

Simultaneously support hundreds of businesses withT-1 speed connectivity and thousands of homes with

DSL speed connectivity.

Promise of potential low cost and flexibility in building

broadband networks.

Scalability, as extra channels and base stations can

be added incrementally as bandwidth demand grows.

Support for both voice and video as well as Internetdata.

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62008 Yanghee Choi

Competing Technologies

Wireless LAN

HSDPA

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72008 Yanghee Choi

Competing Technologies

Wireless LANs

2.4 GhzUp to 300 ftUp to 54 Mbps802.11g

2.4 GhzUp to 300 ftUp to 11 Mbps802.11b

Between 5

and 6 Ghz

Up to 300 ftUp to 54 Mbps802.11a

FrequencyRangeThroughputStandard

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92008 Yanghee Choi

Weaknesses of Wireless LANs

Limited level of mobility. Susceptible to interference.

Designed technically for short-range operations and

basically an indoors technology.

Security is a concern.

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102008 Yanghee Choi

Wireless LAN and WiMAX

WiMAX eliminates the constraints of Wireless LAN. Unlike Wireless LAN, WiMAX is intended to work

outdoors over long distances.

WiMAX is a more complex technology and has to

handle issues of importance such as QoS

guarantees, carrier-class reliability, NLOS.

WiMAX is not intended to replace Wireless LAN.

Instead, the two technologies complement eachother.

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112008 Yanghee Choi

WiMAX Standards

1-3 miles3-5 miles3-5 miles1-3 milesCell Radius

Up to 15 MbpsUp to 75Mbps

Up to 75Mbps

32-134 MbpsBit Rate

Non-LOS and

Mobile

Non-LOSNon-LOSLOSOperation

< 6 GHz< 11 GHz< 11 GHz10-66 GHzSpectrum

December 

2005

June 2004January

2003

December 

2001

Date

Completed

802.16e-2005802.16-

2004

802.16a802.16

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WiMAX is well suited to offer both fixed and mobile access

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132008 Yanghee Choi

How WiMAX Works

WiMAX can provide 2 forms of wireless service:

• Non-LOS, Wireless LAN sort of service, where a small antenna on

a computer connects to the tower. Uses lower frequency range (2

to 11 GHz).

• LOS, where a fixed antenna points straight at the WiMAX tower 

from a rooftop or pole. The LOS connection is stronger and morestable, so it is able to send a lot of data with fewer errors. Uses

higher frequencies, with ranges reaching a possible 66 GHz.

Through stronger LOS antennas, WiMAX transmitting stations

would send data to WiMAX enabled computers or routers set upwithin 30 (3,600 square miles of coverage) mile radius.

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152008 Yanghee Choi

WiMAX Spectrum

Broad Operating Range WiMax Forum is focusing on 3 spectrum bands for 

global deployment:• Unlicensed 5 GHz: Includes bands between 5.25 and 5.85

GHz. In the upper 5 GHz band (5.725 – 5.850 GHz) manycountries allow higher power output (4 Watts) that makes itattractive for WiMax applications.

• Licensed 3.5 GHz: Bands between 3.4 and 3.6 GHz havebeen allocated for BWA in majority of countries.

• Licensed 2.5 GHz: The bands between 2.5 and 2.6 GHzhave been allocated in the US, Mexico, Brazil and in someSEA countries. In US this spectrum is licensed for MDS andITFS.

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172008 Yanghee Choi

Scope of 802 standards

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182008 Yanghee Choi

WiMAX Evolution Path Leads toMobile Access

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802.16e-2005 Standard(Mobile Wireless MAN)

Ratified in December, 2005 It is an extension of the IEEE 802.16-2004 standard

It covers MAC and PHY layers for Combined Fixed

and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands.

It will enable a mobile user to keep their connection

while moving at vehicular speed (75-93 miles/h).

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202008 Yanghee Choi

Wireless Device Continuum

•• Highest speed processor Highest speed processor 

•• Larger displayLarger display•• Processor optimized for low power Processor optimized for low power 

consumption & small form factor consumption & small form factor 

D a t a D a t a 

  V o  i c e

  V o  i c e

NomadicNomadic SmartSmart

PhonePhoneHandheldHandheldTabletTabletPortablePortable CellCell

PhonePhone

802.11 & 802.16802.11 & 802.16 3G3G

   P  r   i  m  a  r  y   C

  a  p  a   b   i   l   i   t  y

   P  r   i  m  a  r  y   C

  a  p  a   b   i   l   i   t  y

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212008 Yanghee Choi

WiMAX Applications

According to WiMAX Forum it supports 5 classes of applications:

1. Multi-player Interactive Gaming.

2. VOIP and Video Conference

3. Streaming Media

4. Web Browsing and Instant Messaging

5. Media Content Downloads

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222008 Yanghee Choi

Application Classes

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232008 Yanghee Choi

Market Models

Need alternative last mile for uplink

Leverage existing assets to deliver broadband service

Alternative last mile to compete with ILEC broadband

services

Broadband data service to businesses

Nomadic/Mobile broadband data services competitive with

wireline

DSL fill-in. Cost effective coverage of low density areas

Lower backhaul OpEx

Lower Network CapEx

WiMAX Benefits

New Entrants (e.g. Utilities, Railroads,

Retailers)

Satellite

Large ISPs

Cable Providers

Cellular Operators

Wireline / ILECs

Hot Spot Providers

Small Wireless ISPs

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242008 Yanghee Choi

WiMAX Advantages in a Nutshell

Robust, reliable carrier class “last-mile” technologywith QoS

For many types of high-bandwidth applications

• at the same time, across long distances

Enabling new applications that improve daily life