1. Who were the “midnight judges”?1. Who were the “midnight judges”?Judges who received their appointments Judges who received their appointments

only hours before John Adams left office. only hours before John Adams left office. 2. What is the relationship between the 2. What is the relationship between the

Lewis and Clark expedition and St. Louis?Lewis and Clark expedition and St. Louis?St. Louis was the starting and ending point St. Louis was the starting and ending point

of the journey of the journey

3. What law did the Supreme Court use in deciding 3. What law did the Supreme Court use in deciding Marbury v. Marbury v. Madison?Madison?

Judiciary Act of 1789Judiciary Act of 1789 4. What decision did Jefferson make, even though Federalists had 4. What decision did Jefferson make, even though Federalists had

opposed it?opposed it? To decrease military spending by reducing the size of the army and To decrease military spending by reducing the size of the army and

navy. navy. 5. What motivated Thomas Jefferson to send Lewis and Clark to the 5. What motivated Thomas Jefferson to send Lewis and Clark to the

Louisiana Purchase?Louisiana Purchase? To learn about the West and find a river route to the Pacific Ocean. To learn about the West and find a river route to the Pacific Ocean. 6. What motivated Lewis and Clark to bring Sacagawea on the 6. What motivated Lewis and Clark to bring Sacagawea on the

expedition?expedition? To serve as a guide and interpreter To serve as a guide and interpreter

7. What was the result of the case of 7. What was the result of the case of Marbury vs. MadisonMarbury vs. Madison?? Marbury demanded that the Supreme Court exercise its powers Marbury demanded that the Supreme Court exercise its powers

granted by the Judiciary Act of 1789.granted by the Judiciary Act of 1789. 8. What was the importance of the Supreme Court’s decision in 8. What was the importance of the Supreme Court’s decision in

Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison?? It established the principle of judicial review.It established the principle of judicial review. 9. When the House of Representatives had to determine the winner 9. When the House of Representatives had to determine the winner

to the 1824 presidential election, how did Henry Clay influence the to the 1824 presidential election, how did Henry Clay influence the vote?vote?

by backing John Quincy Adamsby backing John Quincy Adams 10. How would you describe the power held by slave states in 10. How would you describe the power held by slave states in

Congress in 1819?Congress in 1819? Equal power in the Senate and less power in the House.Equal power in the Senate and less power in the House.

11. How would you state why Southerners opposed 11. How would you state why Southerners opposed protective tariffs?protective tariffs?

Their region had little industry and relied heavily on Their region had little industry and relied heavily on imported goods.imported goods.

12. How would you generalize the beliefs of Jackson’s 12. How would you generalize the beliefs of Jackson’s supporters in regard to his election?supporters in regard to his election?

A victory for the common people.A victory for the common people. 13. How would you describe why more poor white men 13. How would you describe why more poor white men

gained suffrage in the 1820s and 1830s?gained suffrage in the 1820s and 1830s? Because many states eliminated property ownership as Because many states eliminated property ownership as

a qualification for voting.a qualification for voting.

14. What motivated the Sauk to fight with the 14. What motivated the Sauk to fight with the U.S. government?U.S. government?

Because federal officials ordered the removal of Because federal officials ordered the removal of all American Indians from Illinois.all American Indians from Illinois.

15. What was the function of the Indian Removal 15. What was the function of the Indian Removal Act?Act?

to open land in the Southeast to American to open land in the Southeast to American farmersfarmers

16.What does the phrase “Liberty and Union, 16.What does the phrase “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!” reflect?now and forever, one and inseparable!” reflect?

Daniel Webster’s opposition to nullification.Daniel Webster’s opposition to nullification.

17. How would you generalize the beliefs of states’ rights 17. How would you generalize the beliefs of states’ rights supporters?supporters?

The power of the federal government is strictly limited by The power of the federal government is strictly limited by the Constitution.the Constitution.

18. How would you describe Henry Clay beliefs about 18. How would you describe Henry Clay beliefs about internal improvements such as roads and canals?internal improvements such as roads and canals?

that they would make trade easier and connect the that they would make trade easier and connect the regions of the countryregions of the country

19. How would you express why Jackson vetoed 19. How would you express why Jackson vetoed legislation to renew the Second Bank of the United legislation to renew the Second Bank of the United States’ charter?States’ charter?

He believed that the Bank was too powerful.He believed that the Bank was too powerful.

20. What was the motive of the First Seminole 20. What was the motive of the First Seminole War?War?

when General Jackson and his troops invaded when General Jackson and his troops invaded Florida without presidential authorizationFlorida without presidential authorization

21. How would you identify the source of funding 21. How would you identify the source of funding for the Erie Canal?for the Erie Canal?

the taxpayers of New Yorkthe taxpayers of New York 22. What influenced the works of James 22. What influenced the works of James

Fenimore Cooper and Washington Irving?Fenimore Cooper and Washington Irving? nationalism nationalism

23. Using the list below, how would you identify which of the 23. Using the list below, how would you identify which of the following are related to the issues of nullification? I. South Carolina following are related to the issues of nullification? I. South Carolina Exposition and Protest, II. Webster-Hayne debate, III. Second Exposition and Protest, II. Webster-Hayne debate, III. Second Bank of the U.S., IV. Panic of 1837Bank of the U.S., IV. Panic of 1837

I and II onlyI and II only 24. When South Carolina passed a resolution claiming nullification 24. When South Carolina passed a resolution claiming nullification

of the 1828 and the 1832 tariffs, how did President Jackson react?of the 1828 and the 1832 tariffs, how did President Jackson react? He threatened to send U.S. troops into South Carolina to enforce He threatened to send U.S. troops into South Carolina to enforce

federal laws.federal laws. 25. In 25. In Worchester v. GeorgiaWorchester v. Georgia, what did the Supreme Court declare , what did the Supreme Court declare

about the Cherokee Nation?about the Cherokee Nation? It was a distinct community in its own territory in which the laws of It was a distinct community in its own territory in which the laws of

Georgia could have no force.Georgia could have no force.

26. How, with the technical advances of the 19th 26. How, with the technical advances of the 19th century, could workers more easily assemble century, could workers more easily assemble products and replace defective parts?products and replace defective parts?

because of interchangeable partsbecause of interchangeable parts 27. During the 1800s, what made the growth in 27. During the 1800s, what made the growth in

communication, trade, and travel possible?communication, trade, and travel possible? steamboats, railroads, and the expansion of steamboats, railroads, and the expansion of

roads and canalsroads and canals 28. How did Samuel Slater’s occupation relate to 28. How did Samuel Slater’s occupation relate to

industrial development of the U.S.?industrial development of the U.S.? He was a skilled mechanic in BritainHe was a skilled mechanic in Britain

29. In the early 1800s, why did young, single 29. In the early 1800s, why did young, single women from New England leave their homes?women from New England leave their homes?

they came to work in the Lowell millsthey came to work in the Lowell mills 30. What laws did Parliament pass because of 30. What laws did Parliament pass because of

people like Samuel Slater?people like Samuel Slater? laws against leaving the country with mill laws against leaving the country with mill

machines or plansmachines or plans 31. What best describes the occupations of most 31. What best describes the occupations of most

people in Europe and the United States, in the people in Europe and the United States, in the early 1700s?early 1700s?

farmers farmers

32. What is significant about the textile mill in 32. What is significant about the textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island?Pawtucket, Rhode Island?

First successful millFirst successful mill 33. What increased competition for factory jobs 33. What increased competition for factory jobs

in the 1840s?in the 1840s? the Panic of 1837 and a wave of immigrationthe Panic of 1837 and a wave of immigration 34. Before the War of 1812, why were 34. Before the War of 1812, why were

Americans reluctant to build new factories and Americans reluctant to build new factories and machinery?machinery?

because British manufacturers could produce because British manufacturers could produce large amounts of goods and charge lower priceslarge amounts of goods and charge lower prices

35. How would you explain how Eli Whitney contributed 35. How would you explain how Eli Whitney contributed to the Industrial Revolution?to the Industrial Revolution?

He introduced mass production and interchangeable He introduced mass production and interchangeable partsparts

36. How would you compare the work hours of 36. How would you compare the work hours of government employees and private employees?government employees and private employees?

Private employees worked 12–14 hours, six days a weekPrivate employees worked 12–14 hours, six days a week 37. What was significant about the steam-engine?37. What was significant about the steam-engine? It was the first breakthroughs of the Transportation It was the first breakthroughs of the Transportation

Revolution.Revolution.

38. What caused Charleston, Savannah, and New 38. What caused Charleston, Savannah, and New Orleans to grow into major port cities?Orleans to grow into major port cities?

growing cotton trade with Great Britain and the Northeastgrowing cotton trade with Great Britain and the Northeast 39. Why did cities grow rapidly during the mid-1800s?39. Why did cities grow rapidly during the mid-1800s? immigration and the migration of rural inhabitants to immigration and the migration of rural inhabitants to

urban areasurban areas 40. In the early 1800’s, why couldn’t the U.S. textile 40. In the early 1800’s, why couldn’t the U.S. textile

industry compete with Britain?industry compete with Britain? The lower British prices discouraged investors from The lower British prices discouraged investors from

building new factories and machinery.building new factories and machinery.

41. How would you express the purpose of Nat Turner’s 41. How would you express the purpose of Nat Turner’s escape from slavery?escape from slavery?

to lead a violent slave revoltto lead a violent slave revolt 42. Why did enslaved parents tell folk tales to their slave 42. Why did enslaved parents tell folk tales to their slave

children?children? to teach the children how to survive under slaveryto teach the children how to survive under slavery 43. The cotton gin revived the South’s agricultural 43. The cotton gin revived the South’s agricultural

economy; when did Eli Whitney develop his cotton gin?economy; when did Eli Whitney develop his cotton gin? during a visit to a Georgia plantation where he learned during a visit to a Georgia plantation where he learned

that such a machine was neededthat such a machine was needed

44. What states were covered by “The Cotton 44. What states were covered by “The Cotton Belt”?Belt”?

South Carolina to TexasSouth Carolina to Texas 45. What caused the slave trade to increase 45. What caused the slave trade to increase

during the early 1800s?during the early 1800s? growing and harvesting cotton and other growing and harvesting cotton and other

southern crops required a large number of field southern crops required a large number of field handshands

46. What did cotton account for by 1860?46. What did cotton account for by 1860? more than half of all U.S. exportsmore than half of all U.S. exports

47/. How were yeomen farmers different from 47/. How were yeomen farmers different from planters?planters?

They generally worked side by side with slaves, They generally worked side by side with slaves, whereas planters had drivers or overseerswhereas planters had drivers or overseers

48. Why did slave traders sometimes kidnap free 48. Why did slave traders sometimes kidnap free African Americans from the North?African Americans from the North?

to sell them into slaveryto sell them into slavery 49. By 1860 what did many planters believe 49. By 1860 what did many planters believe

about the expansion of the cotton trade?about the expansion of the cotton trade? it had turned the South into a global powerit had turned the South into a global power

50. How would you classify the means by which most 50. How would you classify the means by which most southern farmers transported their cash crops to port southern farmers transported their cash crops to port cities?cities?

navigable riversnavigable rivers 51. How would you classify the occupations of free 51. How would you classify the occupations of free

African Americans who lived in southern cities?African Americans who lived in southern cities? skilled artisansskilled artisans 52. Why did southern leaders refer to cotton as “King 52. Why did southern leaders refer to cotton as “King

Cotton”?Cotton”? because of the importance of the cotton trade to the because of the importance of the cotton trade to the

South’s economySouth’s economy

53. How would you classify the economic relationship 53. How would you classify the economic relationship between Great Britain and the Antebellum South?between Great Britain and the Antebellum South?

Great Britain was the South’s main trading partnerGreat Britain was the South’s main trading partner 54. How would you classify the ironworks of Richmond?54. How would you classify the ironworks of Richmond? One of the nation’s most productiveOne of the nation’s most productive 55. Why did Nat Turner and his followers kill almost 60 55. Why did Nat Turner and his followers kill almost 60

white people in Virginia?white people in Virginia? Turner believed that God had called on him to overthrow Turner believed that God had called on him to overthrow

slavery.slavery.

56. What was the greatest benefit offered by the rise of 56. What was the greatest benefit offered by the rise of industry and growth of cities in the Northeast?industry and growth of cities in the Northeast?

that people could own their own businesses or work in that people could own their own businesses or work in skilled occupationsskilled occupations

57. During the early 1800’s, what did abolitionists 57. During the early 1800’s, what did abolitionists disagree about?disagree about?

the degree of equality that African Americans should the degree of equality that African Americans should have in societyhave in society

58. How would you identify the abolitionist who once told 58. How would you identify the abolitionist who once told an audience that he was a thief and a robber because he an audience that he was a thief and a robber because he “stole this head, these limbs, this body from my master, “stole this head, these limbs, this body from my master, and ran off with them.”?and ran off with them.”?

Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass

59. How would you express the reason Angelina and 59. How would you express the reason Angelina and Sarah Grimké joined the antislavery movement?Sarah Grimké joined the antislavery movement?

They rejected the views of their southern, slaveholding They rejected the views of their southern, slaveholding family.family.

60. Of the following, Emily Dickinson, Margaret Fuller, 60. Of the following, Emily Dickinson, Margaret Fuller, Angelina Grimke and Ann Sophia Stephens, who wrote Angelina Grimke and Ann Sophia Stephens, who wrote Appeal to the Christian Women of the SouthAppeal to the Christian Women of the South??

Angelina Grimké.Angelina Grimké. 61. How would you describe the movement led by 61. How would you describe the movement led by

Harriet Tubman?Harriet Tubman? Underground Railroad, a network of people who Underground Railroad, a network of people who

arranged transportation and hiding places for fugitive arranged transportation and hiding places for fugitive slaves.slaves.

62. Of the following, prisoners, slaves, the disabled and 62. Of the following, prisoners, slaves, the disabled and abolitionists, who was the Underground Railroad abolitionists, who was the Underground Railroad designed to aid?designed to aid?

slaves slaves 63. Where did the common-school movement get its 63. Where did the common-school movement get its

name?name? from the effort to have all children, regardless of their from the effort to have all children, regardless of their

class or background, educated in a common placeclass or background, educated in a common place 64. How would you classify the roles of Douglass, Truth, 64. How would you classify the roles of Douglass, Truth,

and Tubman in the abolition movement in relation to their and Tubman in the abolition movement in relation to their race and former social status?race and former social status?

Key, since all were former slaves who spoke for the Key, since all were former slaves who spoke for the movementmovement

65. What is the significance of the Irish potato blight?65. What is the significance of the Irish potato blight? Irish immigrants came to America after starvation Irish immigrants came to America after starvation

threatened their existencethreatened their existence 66. What is significant about the publication of the paper 66. What is significant about the publication of the paper

the the North Star?North Star? It was published by abolitionist Frederick DouglassIt was published by abolitionist Frederick Douglass 67. What was written by the organizers of the Seneca 67. What was written by the organizers of the Seneca

Falls Convention and was it based on?Falls Convention and was it based on? Declaration of Sentiments modeled on the language of Declaration of Sentiments modeled on the language of

the Declaration of Independence.the Declaration of Independence.

68. What was white northerners’ opposition to the 68. What was white northerners’ opposition to the abolition movements based upon?abolition movements based upon?

on the belief that African Americans should not receive on the belief that African Americans should not receive equal treatment and that freed slaves would take jobs equal treatment and that freed slaves would take jobs away from white northernersaway from white northerners

69. From 1836 to 1844 in the U.S. House of 69. From 1836 to 1844 in the U.S. House of Representatives, what discussion was prevented by the Representatives, what discussion was prevented by the Gag Rule?Gag Rule?

antislavery petitionsantislavery petitions 70. What was significant about Oberlin College?70. What was significant about Oberlin College? It was the first college to accept Blacks in AmericaIt was the first college to accept Blacks in America

71. What is the main idea of transcendentalism?71. What is the main idea of transcendentalism? To encourage people to follow their personal To encourage people to follow their personal

beliefs and rise above reasobeliefs and rise above reaso 72. How would you describe the views of Horace 72. How would you describe the views of Horace

Greeley and William Lloyd Garrison relating to Greeley and William Lloyd Garrison relating to abolition?abolition?

Both were abolitionist.Both were abolitionist. 73. What did the Know-Nothings want?73. What did the Know-Nothings want? to exclude Catholics and immigrants from public to exclude Catholics and immigrants from public

officeoffice

74. What was the purpose of the American Temperance 74. What was the purpose of the American Temperance Society and the American Temperance Union?Society and the American Temperance Union?

to urge people to give up or to limit the consumption of to urge people to give up or to limit the consumption of alcoholalcohol

75. How would you classify the movement led by Harriet 75. How would you classify the movement led by Harriet Tubman?Tubman?

She led the Underground Railroad Movement, a network She led the Underground Railroad Movement, a network of people who arranged transportation and hiding places of people who arranged transportation and hiding places for fugitive slaves.for fugitive slaves.

76. Of the following, Ann Lee, Lyman Beecher, Dorthea 76. Of the following, Ann Lee, Lyman Beecher, Dorthea Dix and Susan B. Anthony, who turned the fight for Dix and Susan B. Anthony, who turned the fight for women’s right into a political movement?women’s right into a political movement?

Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony

77. How would you explain the Southern 77. How would you explain the Southern reaction to the abolition movement?reaction to the abolition movement?

Uniting in their defense of slavery.Uniting in their defense of slavery. 78/. Who was the 78/. Who was the empresarioempresario that brought that brought

settlers to the colony on the lower Colorado settlers to the colony on the lower Colorado River?River?

Stephen F. AustinStephen F. Austin 79. Who was the commander of the Texas army 79. Who was the commander of the Texas army

at San Jacinto?at San Jacinto? Sam HoustonSam Houston

80. During the Texas Revolution, who led the Mexican 80. During the Texas Revolution, who led the Mexican army?army?

Antonio López de Santa AnnaAntonio López de Santa Anna 81.Why was Stephen F. Austin jailed for a year and a 81.Why was Stephen F. Austin jailed for a year and a

half?half? for requesting more self-government for Texasfor requesting more self-government for Texas 82. How would you explain why the Mexican government 82. How would you explain why the Mexican government

restricted American immigration and tried to enforce the restricted American immigration and tried to enforce the ban on slavery in Texas?ban on slavery in Texas?

because Tejanos were outnumbered by American because Tejanos were outnumbered by American settlers, some of whom were slaveholderssettlers, some of whom were slaveholders

83. What was the first capital of the Republic of 83. What was the first capital of the Republic of Texas?Texas?

Houston Houston 84. Who did Santa Anna’s 1,800 Mexican 84. Who did Santa Anna’s 1,800 Mexican

soldiers attack in March soldiers attack in March 189 defenders of the Alamo189 defenders of the Alamo 85. Where was the location of the Santa Fe 85. Where was the location of the Santa Fe

Trail?Trail? from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New

MexicoMexico

86. How are the Texas Constitution and the U.S. 86. How are the Texas Constitution and the U.S. Constitution different?Constitution different?

Texas legalized slavery and the U.S. did notTexas legalized slavery and the U.S. did not 87. How would you explain why Presidents Andrew 87. How would you explain why Presidents Andrew

Jackson and Martin Van Buren declined to annex Jackson and Martin Van Buren declined to annex Texas?Texas?

because Texas would have entered the Union as a slave because Texas would have entered the Union as a slave statestate

88. What was received in exchange for recruiting settlers 88. What was received in exchange for recruiting settlers for Texas?for Texas?

Empresarios received as much as 67,000 acres of land Empresarios received as much as 67,000 acres of land for every 200 families.for every 200 families.

89. What motivated anti-slavery activists to oppose the 89. What motivated anti-slavery activists to oppose the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

They feared more slave states entering the UnionThey feared more slave states entering the Union 90. How would you explain why Mexican soldiers 90. How would you explain why Mexican soldiers

launched an assault on U.S. troops in 1846?launched an assault on U.S. troops in 1846? because General Taylor refused to remove his troops because General Taylor refused to remove his troops

from the border regionfrom the border region 91. Some politicians believed that the Oregon Country 91. Some politicians believed that the Oregon Country

was needed to secure the growing U.S. trade with which was needed to secure the growing U.S. trade with which country?country?

ChinaChina

92.. Forty-niners who arrived in California after traveling 92.. Forty-niners who arrived in California after traveling around the Cape of Good Hope or across the Isthmus of around the Cape of Good Hope or across the Isthmus of Panama were usually from which area?Panama were usually from which area?

Mexico or South AmericaMexico or South America 93. Who were Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo 93. Who were Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo

Emerson?Emerson? transcendentalist writers who opposed the Mexican Wartranscendentalist writers who opposed the Mexican War 94. How would you explain Henry Clay’s position 94. How would you explain Henry Clay’s position

regarding Texas in the 1844 electionregarding Texas in the 1844 election He initially opposed annexation of Texas and then He initially opposed annexation of Texas and then

halfheartedly supported it.halfheartedly supported it.

95. Texas became a state in 1845; how would you 95. Texas became a state in 1845; how would you describe why the Mexican government was angered by describe why the Mexican government was angered by this act?this act?

Because it considered Texas a “stolen province.”Because it considered Texas a “stolen province.” 96. How would you describe the people who traveled on 96. How would you describe the people who traveled on

the Mormon Trail?the Mormon Trail? American Mormons fleeing persecution and Mormon American Mormons fleeing persecution and Mormon

converts from Great Britain and Scandinaviaconverts from Great Britain and Scandinavia 97. While northern abolitionists opposed the Mexican 97. While northern abolitionists opposed the Mexican

War because of the potential slave states that might War because of the potential slave states that might develop in the Southwest, some pro-slavery southerners develop in the Southwest, some pro-slavery southerners worried about which of the following issues?worried about which of the following issues?

New territories might ban slavery.New territories might ban slavery.

98. How did German immigrant Levi Strauss 98. How did German immigrant Levi Strauss earn his fortune in California?earn his fortune in California?

by making durable denim work pants to sell to by making durable denim work pants to sell to minersminers

99. When did General Taylor first march his 99. When did General Taylor first march his troops to the Rio Grande?troops to the Rio Grande?

before Congress declared war on Mexico on before Congress declared war on Mexico on May 13, 1846May 13, 1846

100. What treaty that ended the Mexican War?100. What treaty that ended the Mexican War? The Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoThe Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

101. What was the disputed border region over 101. What was the disputed border region over which the United States and Mexico fought?which the United States and Mexico fought?

The Nueces River and the Rio GrandeThe Nueces River and the Rio Grande 102. The Gadsden Purchase required the U.S. 102. The Gadsden Purchase required the U.S.

government to pay Mexico $10 million for a strip government to pay Mexico $10 million for a strip of land that included the southern parts of what of land that included the southern parts of what are now which states?are now which states?

Arizona and New MexicoArizona and New Mexico 103. Whatever their method of travel, where did 103. Whatever their method of travel, where did

most forty-niners arrive in California?most forty-niners arrive in California? San FranciscoSan Francisco

104. What did “Fifty-four forty or fight!” refer to104. What did “Fifty-four forty or fight!” refer to he United States and Great Britain’s contest over the he United States and Great Britain’s contest over the

northern boundary of Oregon Countrynorthern boundary of Oregon Country 105. Why Why did most members of the Free-Soil Party 105. Why Why did most members of the Free-Soil Party

oppose the spread of slavery?oppose the spread of slavery? Because they believed allowing slavery to expand would Because they believed allowing slavery to expand would

make it difficult for free men to find work.make it difficult for free men to find work. 106. How would you describe the people John Brown 106. How would you describe the people John Brown

intended to arm as a result of his raid on Harper’s Ferry?intended to arm as a result of his raid on Harper’s Ferry? Enslaved people and begin an insurrection against Enslaved people and begin an insurrection against

slaveholders.slaveholders.

107. How would you describe the purpose of 107. How would you describe the purpose of “personal liberty laws” passed in the North?“personal liberty laws” passed in the North?

to restrict slave recapture.to restrict slave recapture. 108. What was the purpose of the Wilmot 108. What was the purpose of the Wilmot

Proviso?Proviso? the abolition of slavery in territories won from the abolition of slavery in territories won from

MexicoMexico 109. How would you identify the major issue 109. How would you identify the major issue

dividing the parties in the election of 1860?dividing the parties in the election of 1860? as slavery.as slavery.

110. Of the following, Whigs, Republicans, Democrats, 110. Of the following, Whigs, Republicans, Democrats, and Know-Nothings, which party was united by its and Know-Nothings, which party was united by its followers’ opposition to the expansion of slavery?followers’ opposition to the expansion of slavery?

Republican PartyRepublican Party 111. How would you describe the issue which led to the 111. How would you describe the issue which led to the

Civil War and resulted in the Compromise of 1850?Civil War and resulted in the Compromise of 1850? Maintaining the balance of power of slave and free Maintaining the balance of power of slave and free

states in the Senate.states in the Senate. 112. How would you generalize the Dred Scott Decision?112. How would you generalize the Dred Scott Decision? Slaves are property and property could be taken to any Slaves are property and property could be taken to any

territory.territory.

113. Why did they call Henry Clay the “Great 113. Why did they call Henry Clay the “Great Compromiser”?Compromiser”?

He mediated disputes in CongressHe mediated disputes in Congress 114. On what major factor did the Supreme Court rule 114. On what major factor did the Supreme Court rule

that Dred Scott was not free?that Dred Scott was not free? Because his status, as free or slave, depended on the Because his status, as free or slave, depended on the

laws of Missouri, where his owner lived.laws of Missouri, where his owner lived. 115. The question of whether California would be 115. The question of whether California would be

admitted to the Union as a free state or a slave state was admitted to the Union as a free state or a slave state was decided by which issue?decided by which issue?

By Henry Clay offering a series of proposals to address By Henry Clay offering a series of proposals to address all of the current issues of sectional disagreement.all of the current issues of sectional disagreement.

116. When Stephen Douglas introduced the Kansas-116. When Stephen Douglas introduced the Kansas-Nebraska bill, how did southern senators react?Nebraska bill, how did southern senators react?

They agreed to abandon their plan for a southern They agreed to abandon their plan for a southern railroad route if the new territory west of Missouri was railroad route if the new territory west of Missouri was opened to slavery.opened to slavery.

117. Of the following states, Mississippi, Alabama, South 117. Of the following states, Mississippi, Alabama, South Carolina and Texas, which was the first to secede from Carolina and Texas, which was the first to secede from the Union?the Union?

South Carolina.South Carolina. 118. How would you describe the Fugitive Slave Act?118. How would you describe the Fugitive Slave Act? A part of the Compromise of 1850.A part of the Compromise of 1850.

119. What happened after John Brown seized the federal arsenal in 119. What happened after John Brown seized the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry?Harpers Ferry?

He hoped slaves in the region would join him, but none did.He hoped slaves in the region would join him, but none did. 120. How did California enter the Union?120. How did California enter the Union? As a free state.As a free state. 121. On what basis did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that Congress 121. On what basis did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that Congress

could not prohibit someone from taking slaves into a federal could not prohibit someone from taking slaves into a federal territory?territory?

Slaves were considered property.Slaves were considered property. 122. In 1854 Stephen Douglas introduced a bill in Congress that 122. In 1854 Stephen Douglas introduced a bill in Congress that

would organize which of the following territories?would organize which of the following territories? The remainder of the Louisiana Purchase into two territories, each The remainder of the Louisiana Purchase into two territories, each

to determine the slavery question by popular sovereignty.to determine the slavery question by popular sovereignty.

123. What was the reaction of many southerners 123. What was the reaction of many southerners to Lincoln’s election?to Lincoln’s election?

They believed that Lincoln, if elected president, They believed that Lincoln, if elected president, would move to abolish slavery.would move to abolish slavery.

124. What happened after Preston Brooks beat 124. What happened after Preston Brooks beat Charles Sumner on the Senate floor?Charles Sumner on the Senate floor?

Many southerners sent Brooks new canesMany southerners sent Brooks new canes 125. Which presidential candidate opposed the 125. Which presidential candidate opposed the

spread of slavery but promised not to support spread of slavery but promised not to support abolishing it where it already existed?abolishing it where it already existed?

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

126. What was Taney’s ruling after hearing Dred Scott’s 126. What was Taney’s ruling after hearing Dred Scott’s petition for freedom?petition for freedom?

As a non-citizen, Scott did not have the right to file suit in As a non-citizen, Scott did not have the right to file suit in federal court.federal court.

127. Of the following, Mobile, AL; Montgomery, AL; 127. Of the following, Mobile, AL; Montgomery, AL; Richmond, VA; and Vicksburg, MS, identify which was Richmond, VA; and Vicksburg, MS, identify which was the location of the first capital of the Confederacy?the location of the first capital of the Confederacy?

Montgomery, AlabamaMontgomery, Alabama 128. Of the following, Washington, Winston, Jefferson, 128. Of the following, Washington, Winston, Jefferson,

Mobile, which Northern Alabama county disagreed with Mobile, which Northern Alabama county disagreed with Alabama’s decision to secede from the Union?Alabama’s decision to secede from the Union?

Winston CountyWinston County

129. Why did a 700 member pro-slavery posse sack 129. Why did a 700 member pro-slavery posse sack Lawrence, Kansas in 1856?Lawrence, Kansas in 1856?

after a grand jury charged antislavery government after a grand jury charged antislavery government leaders with treasonleaders with treason

130. Why did Harriet Beecher Stowe write her powerful 130. Why did Harriet Beecher Stowe write her powerful antislavery novel?antislavery novel?

after reading slave narratives and meeting fugitive slaves after reading slave narratives and meeting fugitive slaves in Ohio, where she livedin Ohio, where she lived

131. To aid the abolitionist cause, what did John Brown 131. To aid the abolitionist cause, what did John Brown decide in 1858?decide in 1858?

to raid a federal arsenal in Virginia, arm local slaves, to raid a federal arsenal in Virginia, arm local slaves, lead them to freedom, and kill or capture any white lead them to freedom, and kill or capture any white southerner who stood in the way of his plansoutherner who stood in the way of his plan

132. In 1846, what was true about the Wilmot Proviso?132. In 1846, what was true about the Wilmot Proviso? It stated that neither slavery nor involuntary servitude It stated that neither slavery nor involuntary servitude

should ever exist in any part of the Mexican cession.should ever exist in any part of the Mexican cession. 133. What was Lincoln’s campaign promise regarding 133. What was Lincoln’s campaign promise regarding

the South?the South? not attack the South or try to abolish slavery in the Southnot attack the South or try to abolish slavery in the South 134. What did Winston County, Alabama, and the 134. What did Winston County, Alabama, and the

western counties of Virginia have in common?western counties of Virginia have in common? They withdrew from their home state when their state left They withdrew from their home state when their state left

the Union.the Union.

135. What was the main effect of the Emancipation 135. What was the main effect of the Emancipation Proclamation?Proclamation?

It made the Civil War a war against slavery, and the It made the Civil War a war against slavery, and the British did not intervene on the side of the Confederacy.British did not intervene on the side of the Confederacy.

136. What was the main result of Lincoln suspending 136. What was the main result of Lincoln suspending writs of habeas corpus?writs of habeas corpus?

A person could be imprisoned indefinitely without trial.A person could be imprisoned indefinitely without trial. 137. What can be said about the food shortage suffered 137. What can be said about the food shortage suffered

by the South during the Civil War?by the South during the Civil War? The South’s transportation system had collapsed and The South’s transportation system had collapsed and

Union troops occupied several important agricultural Union troops occupied several important agricultural regions.regions.

138. What was the main idea of Lincoln’s 138. What was the main idea of Lincoln’s inaugural speech?inaugural speech?

It repeated his commitment not to interfere with It repeated his commitment not to interfere with slavery where it already existed.slavery where it already existed.

139. Why did Lincoln want to prevent Maryland 139. Why did Lincoln want to prevent Maryland from seceding?from seceding?

Washington, D.C., would be surrounded by Washington, D.C., would be surrounded by Confederate territory.Confederate territory.

140. After Lincoln fired McClellan, who 140. After Lincoln fired McClellan, who commanded the Army of the Potomac?commanded the Army of the Potomac?

Burnside, Hooker, Meade, and GrantBurnside, Hooker, Meade, and Grant

141. Robert E. Lee did not accept command of 141. Robert E. Lee did not accept command of the Union troops because he could not fight the Union troops because he could not fight against Virginia.against Virginia.

142. What was the purpose of General William 142. What was the purpose of General William Tecumseh Sherman's "March to the Sea" Tecumseh Sherman's "March to the Sea" through Georgia?through Georgia?

to destroy everything that might be of use to the to destroy everything that might be of use to the enemyenemy

143. How was the South negatively affected at 143. How was the South negatively affected at the Battle of Chancellorsville?the Battle of Chancellorsville?

The southern victory was marred by the loss of The southern victory was marred by the loss of Stonewall Jackson.Stonewall Jackson.

144. What ideas showed how Abraham Lincoln 144. What ideas showed how Abraham Lincoln expanded the powers of the presidency during the Civil expanded the powers of the presidency during the Civil War?War?

suspending the writ of habeas corpus in Marylandsuspending the writ of habeas corpus in Maryland 145. How would you summarize the importance of the 145. How would you summarize the importance of the

capture of Chattanooga by Union forces during the Civil capture of Chattanooga by Union forces during the Civil War?War?

They would then control a major railroad running south They would then control a major railroad running south to Atlanta.to Atlanta.

146. What can be said about the significance of the 146. What can be said about the significance of the Union capture of the city of Vicksburg?Union capture of the city of Vicksburg?

The Union would have achieved one of its basic military The Union would have achieved one of its basic military goals, control of the entire Mississippi River.goals, control of the entire Mississippi River.

147. What can you say about the importance of 147. What can you say about the importance of Farragut’s victory at Mobile Bay?Farragut’s victory at Mobile Bay?

Blockade runners could no longer use any port Blockade runners could no longer use any port on the Gulf of Mexico east of the Mississippi on the Gulf of Mexico east of the Mississippi River.River.

148. How can "Copperheads" best be classified?148. How can "Copperheads" best be classified? northern antiwar Democratsnorthern antiwar Democrats 149. What was the most important transportation 149. What was the most important transportation

advantage held by the North during the Civil advantage held by the North during the Civil War?War?

more miles of railroad tracksmore miles of railroad tracks

150. How would you classify the military leadership of 150. How would you classify the military leadership of the Southern army?the Southern army?

The South had more skilled military leaders than the The South had more skilled military leaders than the North.North.

151. How were southern ties to the land an advantage 151. How were southern ties to the land an advantage during the Civil War?during the Civil War?

Southerners were familiar with the land upon which they Southerners were familiar with the land upon which they fought, and they were defending their homes.fought, and they were defending their homes.

152. How would you classify the southern belief that the 152. How would you classify the southern belief that the cotton trade would win them foreign support during the cotton trade would win them foreign support during the Civil War?Civil War?

Cotton DiplomacyCotton Diplomacy

153. Of the following, Antietam, Bull Run, Shiloh, 153. Of the following, Antietam, Bull Run, Shiloh, Chicahominy, which was the location of the first major Chicahominy, which was the location of the first major clash of Union and Confederate armies?clash of Union and Confederate armies?

Bull Run, near Manassas Junction, Virginia.Bull Run, near Manassas Junction, Virginia. 154. Of the following, Fort Sumter, Fort Henry, Fort 154. Of the following, Fort Sumter, Fort Henry, Fort

Donelson, Fort Defiance, which was the fort that Donelson, Fort Defiance, which was the fort that controlled the entrance to Charleston Harbor?controlled the entrance to Charleston Harbor?

Fort Sumter.Fort Sumter. 155. What was ordered by the Emancipation 155. What was ordered by the Emancipation

Proclamation?Proclamation? It called for all slaves in areas rebelling against the Union It called for all slaves in areas rebelling against the Union

to be freed.to be freed.

156. During the Civil War, approximately how 156. During the Civil War, approximately how many American lives were lost?many American lives were lost?

620,000620,000 157. How did suspending 157. How did suspending habeas corpushabeas corpus allow allow

President Lincoln to silence the Copperheads?President Lincoln to silence the Copperheads? By withdrawing constitutional protection against By withdrawing constitutional protection against

unlawful imprisonment.unlawful imprisonment. 158. What best describes the role of African 158. What best describes the role of African

Americans in the Union army?Americans in the Union army? They worked as Laborers.They worked as Laborers.

159. Why did Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and 159. Why did Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas join the Confederacy?Arkansas join the Confederacy?

After Lincoln called for 75,000 militia members to fight After Lincoln called for 75,000 militia members to fight the Confederate forces.the Confederate forces.

160. What best identifies where Lee’s attempt to launch 160. What best identifies where Lee’s attempt to launch an offensive into Union territory ended in defeat?an offensive into Union territory ended in defeat?

Gettysburg.Gettysburg. 161. What did Confederate leaders hope to accomplish 161. What did Confederate leaders hope to accomplish

by a victory on Union soil?by a victory on Union soil? To persuade European powers to offer aid to the South.To persuade European powers to offer aid to the South.

162. How would you describe the targeting of 162. How would you describe the targeting of military as well as civilian economic resources to military as well as civilian economic resources to destroy an opponent’s ability and will to fight?destroy an opponent’s ability and will to fight?

Total war.Total war. 163. At the beginning of the war, what was a 163. At the beginning of the war, what was a

Northern advantage?Northern advantage? A greater number of factories.A greater number of factories. 164. Through cotton diplomacy, what did the 164. Through cotton diplomacy, what did the

South tried to accomplish?South tried to accomplish? To win foreign support, particularly from Great To win foreign support, particularly from Great

Britain.Britain.

165. Why did the Union navy want to blockade 165. Why did the Union navy want to blockade the South?the South?

To cut off southern trade and hurt the economy.To cut off southern trade and hurt the economy. 166. Why did the 1861 Confederate draft lead to 166. Why did the 1861 Confederate draft lead to

resentment among poor southerners?resentment among poor southerners? Because the draft excluded those who held a Because the draft excluded those who held a

large number of slaves.large number of slaves. 167. What could best be described as a 167. What could best be described as a

Southern advantage at the beginning of the war?Southern advantage at the beginning of the war? Skilled military leaders.Skilled military leaders.

168. How would you describe the Copperheads?168. How would you describe the Copperheads? Northerners and Midwesterners who sympathized with Northerners and Midwesterners who sympathized with

the South and opposed abolition.the South and opposed abolition. 169. When did the Union gain control of the Mississippi 169. When did the Union gain control of the Mississippi

River?River? After surrender of Pemberton’s forces to General Grant After surrender of Pemberton’s forces to General Grant

at Vicksburg.at Vicksburg. 170. For most of the war, which of the following is true 170. For most of the war, which of the following is true

for the 180,000 African American soldiers who fought for the 180,000 African American soldiers who fought with the Union?with the Union?

They received less pay than their white counterparts.They received less pay than their white counterparts.

171. In 1861 Lincoln offered command of the Union 171. In 1861 Lincoln offered command of the Union forces to which U.S. Army officer?forces to which U.S. Army officer?

Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee 172. How would your summarize the 172. How would your summarize the TrentTrent Affair? Affair? It brought the Union close to war with Britain.173During It brought the Union close to war with Britain.173During

the Civil War, who was promised by General Sherman the Civil War, who was promised by General Sherman “40 acres and a mule”?“40 acres and a mule”?

freed slave families in the Southfreed slave families in the South 174. How is Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction related to 174. How is Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction related to

an oath of loyalty and a promise to accept that slaves an oath of loyalty and a promise to accept that slaves are now free?are now free?

Southerners would be pardoned.Southerners would be pardoned.

175. What was the Southern motive for ratifying the 175. What was the Southern motive for ratifying the Fourteenth Amendment under the Republicans’ Fourteenth Amendment under the Republicans’ Reconstruction plan?Reconstruction plan?

Former Confederates states would be allowed to elect Former Confederates states would be allowed to elect people to Congress.people to Congress.

176. What was the theme of Lincoln’s plan for 176. What was the theme of Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction?Reconstruction?

To reconcile with the South rather than punishing it.To reconcile with the South rather than punishing it. 177. How would you describe the attitude of the Radical 177. How would you describe the attitude of the Radical

Republicans toward the citizenship of former slaves?Republicans toward the citizenship of former slaves? They should be granted citizenship, including the right to They should be granted citizenship, including the right to

vote.vote.

178. Under Johnson’s Reconstruction plan, what 178. Under Johnson’s Reconstruction plan, what was the motivation of many members of was the motivation of many members of Congress voting to reject the representatives Congress voting to reject the representatives that Southern voters elected?that Southern voters elected?

Because they were former Confederate leaders.Because they were former Confederate leaders. 179. How would you identify the action that 179. How would you identify the action that

signaled the end of Reconstruction?signaled the end of Reconstruction? the passage of the Compromise of 1877the passage of the Compromise of 1877 180. What is the main idea of the Jim Crow 180. What is the main idea of the Jim Crow

Laws?Laws? to segregate blacks and whites.to segregate blacks and whites.

181. What was the theme of the Ku Klux 181. What was the theme of the Ku Klux Klan’s organized resistance against Klan’s organized resistance against Reconstruction?Reconstruction?

to reverse Reconstruction in the Southto reverse Reconstruction in the South182. What abolished slavery in the North?182. What abolished slavery in the North? the adoption of the Thirteenth Amendmentthe adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment183. What laws was the Fourteenth 183. What laws was the Fourteenth

Amendment designed to protect?Amendment designed to protect?Civil Rights Act of 1866Civil Rights Act of 1866

184. What Amendment protects the suffrage of 184. What Amendment protects the suffrage of African American men?African American men?

15th Amendment15th Amendment 185. What did former Confederate states have to 185. What did former Confederate states have to

accomplish before they could elect accomplish before they could elect representatives to Congress?representatives to Congress?

ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. 186. Which of the following abolished slavery in 186. Which of the following abolished slavery in

the North?the North? the adoption of the Thirteenth Amendmentthe adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment

187. Which post-Civil War Amendment gives African 187. Which post-Civil War Amendment gives African Americans full rights of citizenship?Americans full rights of citizenship?

14th 14th 188. Why did the American Anti-Slavery Society split in 188. Why did the American Anti-Slavery Society split in

1840?1840? over the role of women in the abolition movementover the role of women in the abolition movement 189. What was the response of some poor immigrants in 189. What was the response of some poor immigrants in

the North who feared losing their jobs to African the North who feared losing their jobs to African Americans?Americans?

They participated in riots in New York City in 1863They participated in riots in New York City in 1863

190. How190. How would you classify people known as would you classify people known as carpetbaggers?carpetbaggers?

Northern born Republicans who came South after the Northern born Republicans who came South after the warwar

191. How would you classify people known as 191. How would you classify people known as scalawags?scalawags?

Small farmers who had supported the Union during the Small farmers who had supported the Union during the warwar

.192. What best describes the sharecropping system?.192. What best describes the sharecropping system? Sharecroppers provided landowners with their labor in Sharecroppers provided landowners with their labor in

exchange for part of the cropexchange for part of the crop

193. What were the features of Lincoln’s Plan for 193. What were the features of Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction?Reconstruction?

Lenient and fair treatment for the SouthLenient and fair treatment for the South 194. Who proposed the Fourteenth 194. Who proposed the Fourteenth

Amendment?Amendment? Radical RepublicansRadical Republicans 195. What motivated African Americans to vote 195. What motivated African Americans to vote

Republican in 1868?Republican in 1868? To help Ulysses S. Grant and the “party of To help Ulysses S. Grant and the “party of

Lincoln” win a narrow victory.Lincoln” win a narrow victory.

196. When did the Thirteenth Amendment outlaw 196. When did the Thirteenth Amendment outlaw slavery?slavery?

January 1865January 1865 197. How were Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner 197. How were Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner

related to the Republican Party?related to the Republican Party? They led the Radical Republicans, who wanted the They led the Radical Republicans, who wanted the

federal government to be much more involved in federal government to be much more involved in Reconstruction.Reconstruction.

198. What were the features of Johnson’s Plan for 198. What were the features of Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction?Reconstruction?

The states that had set up their governments under The states that had set up their governments under Lincoln’s plan were allowed to keep their governments in Lincoln’s plan were allowed to keep their governments in place.place.

199. What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau?199. What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau? To aid poor whites and former slaves in the SouthTo aid poor whites and former slaves in the South 200. Who was not guaranteed citizenship and equal 200. Who was not guaranteed citizenship and equal

protection under the law as a result of the Fourteenth protection under the law as a result of the Fourteenth Amendment?Amendment?

American Indians.American Indians. 201. After Reconstruction ended, what was 201. After Reconstruction ended, what was

accomplished by Democrats known as Redeemers?accomplished by Democrats known as Redeemers? They cut budgets and taxes, eliminated social programs, They cut budgets and taxes, eliminated social programs,

and limited civil rights for African Americans.and limited civil rights for African Americans.

202. What happened when many farmers planted cotton 202. What happened when many farmers planted cotton after the war?after the war?

The supply became too great and the price of cotton The supply became too great and the price of cotton dropped.dropped.

203. In the mid-1870s,why did support for 203. In the mid-1870s,why did support for Reconstruction fade in the Republican Party?Reconstruction fade in the Republican Party?

Because people were growing concerned about Because people were growing concerned about economic problems and government corruption.economic problems and government corruption.

204. What was the Republican motive for choosing 204. What was the Republican motive for choosing Ulysses S. Grant as their presidential candidate?Ulysses S. Grant as their presidential candidate?

He was a war hero who supported the congressional He was a war hero who supported the congressional plan for Reconstruction.plan for Reconstruction.

205. What ideas reflect the views of southern voters 205. What ideas reflect the views of southern voters during Reconstruction?during Reconstruction?

More than 600 African American representatives to state More than 600 African American representatives to state legislatures and 16 to Congress.legislatures and 16 to Congress.

206. When did many women’s rights activists object to 206. When did many women’s rights activists object to the wording of the Fifteenth Amendment?the wording of the Fifteenth Amendment?

When the amendment did not extend the right to vote to When the amendment did not extend the right to vote to all Americans.all Americans.

207. Of the following, Black Codes, the Compromise of 207. Of the following, Black Codes, the Compromise of 1877, Jim Crow laws and the Civil Rights Act, which 1877, Jim Crow laws and the Civil Rights Act, which were laws passed after Reconstruction ended enforcing were laws passed after Reconstruction ended enforcing segregation?segregation?

Jim Crow laws.Jim Crow laws.

208. How would you describe African-American 208. How would you describe African-American voters during Reconstruction?voters during Reconstruction?

RepublicansRepublicans 209. How would you describe the purpose of the 209. How would you describe the purpose of the

Freedmen’s Bureau?Freedmen’s Bureau? To provide relief to all poor people in the South.To provide relief to all poor people in the South. 210/ How would you describe when 210/ How would you describe when

Reconstruction ended?Reconstruction ended? 1877 when President Hayes removed the last 1877 when President Hayes removed the last

federal troops from the South.federal troops from the South.

211. What best describes the main purpose of the Ku 211. What best describes the main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan?Klux Klan?

to oppose civil rights for African Americansto oppose civil rights for African Americans 212. Why did the Republican party control most southern 212. Why did the Republican party control most southern

governments during Reconstruction?governments during Reconstruction? because the Fourteenth Amendment banned many because the Fourteenth Amendment banned many

former Confederates from holding office.former Confederates from holding office. 213. In 1865 how were newly elected representatives 213. In 1865 how were newly elected representatives

from reconstructed southern states received by from reconstructed southern states received by Congress?Congress?

They were not allowed to take their seats in the House They were not allowed to take their seats in the House and Senate.and Senate.

214. What happened when Congress proposed 214. What happened when Congress proposed increasing the powers of the Freedmen’s Bureau increasing the powers of the Freedmen’s Bureau in 1866?in 1866?

President Johnson vetoed the bill.President Johnson vetoed the bill. 215. What was the main idea of The Morrill Act 215. What was the main idea of The Morrill Act

of 1862?of 1862? the grant of public lands to states for land-grant the grant of public lands to states for land-grant

collegescolleges 216. What university was established as a result 216. What university was established as a result

of the Morrill Land Grant Act in Alabama?of the Morrill Land Grant Act in Alabama? Tuskegee UniversityTuskegee University