1. Where would vinegar come on the Ph scale? 2. Where would normal rain come on the Ph scale? 3....

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Using Ions in solution

Transcript of 1. Where would vinegar come on the Ph scale? 2. Where would normal rain come on the Ph scale? 3....

Page 1: 1. Where would vinegar come on the Ph scale? 2. Where would normal rain come on the Ph scale? 3. Where would Bleach come? 4. Where would Washing up liquid.

Using Ions in solution

Page 2: 1. Where would vinegar come on the Ph scale? 2. Where would normal rain come on the Ph scale? 3. Where would Bleach come? 4. Where would Washing up liquid.

Acids and Alkalis

1. Where would vinegar come on the Ph scale?

2. Where would normal rain come on the Ph scale?

3. Where would Bleach come?

4. Where would Washing up liquid come?

5. Where would pure water come?

Page 3: 1. Where would vinegar come on the Ph scale? 2. Where would normal rain come on the Ph scale? 3. Where would Bleach come? 4. Where would Washing up liquid.

Acids and Bases neutralise each other

An acid is a substance with a Ph less than 7.

A Base is an alkali that has a Ph more than 7 and dissolves in water.

The reaction between acids and bases is called neutralisation

When an acid neutralises a base (or vice versa), the products are neutral

Acid + base Salt + Water

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Acids Reacting with Metals

The more reactive the metal the faster the reaction will go.

The speed of the reaction is indicated by the rate at which the bubbles of hydrogen are given off.

How do you test for hydrogen?

The name of the salt produced depends on which metal and acid is used……

Acids + Metal Salt + Hydrogen

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Hydrochloric Acid will always produce Chloride salts…

2HCL + Mg MgCl₂ + H₂ (…………………….Chloride)

6HCl + 2Al 2AlCl₂ + 3H₂ (…………………….Chloride)

2HCl + Zn ZnCl₂ + H₂ (…………………….Chloride)

Sulfuric Acid will always Produce Sulfate salts…

H₂SO₄ + Mg MgSO₄ + H₂ (…………………….Sulfate)

3H₂SO₄ + 2Al Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂ (…………………….Sulfate)

H₂SO₄ + Zn ZnSO₄ + H₂ (…………………….Sulfate)

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

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Oxides, Hydroxides and Ammonia

Acid + Metal Oxide Salt + Water

Acid + Metal Hydroxide Salt + Water

Some metal oxides and metal hydroxides dissolve in water.

These soluble compounds are alkalis.

Even bases wont dissolve in water will still react with acids.

So, all metal oxides and metal hydroxides react with acids to form a salt and water

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Making Salts

Making soluble salts from insoluble bases:

To make a soluble salt you must pick the right acid along with metal carbonate or metal hydroxide, as long as it’s insoluble ( the reason you cannot use a soluble base is because you won’t be able to tell when the reaction has finished)

E.G. Copper Carbonate + Nitric Acid Copper Nitrate

Making insoluble salts – Precipitation Reactions

If the salt you want to make is insoluble, you must use a precipitation reaction. For this you must use an acid and a nitrate and mix them together. Once the salt is left at the bottom(precipitated) filter the solution wash it and dry it on filter paper.

E.G. Hydrochloric acid + Lead Nitrate Lead Chloride

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Making Salts by displacementWhen you put a more reactive metal (e.g. Magnesium) into

a salt solution of a less reactive metal (e.g. Copper Sulfate) the magnesium will take the place of the Copper making it magnesium sulfate.

The displaced metal then coats itself onto the more reactive metal

One the magnesium has been coated with copper the reaction stops... This isn’t the most practical way to make salts however

Activity: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa/ions/acidsbasesact.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa/ions/acidsbasesact.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa/ions/acidsbasesact.shtml

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