1. What is genetics

The study of heredity2. Gregor Mendel used pea

plants to study what?

inheritance

3. What was Gregor Mendel’s conclusion about traits

Parents pass traits on to their offspring

4. Why did Mendel remove the male parts of the flower?

To control the crosses

5. What is the principle of dominance

That some alleles are dominant and others are

recessive

6. What is probability?Probability of getting tails when you flip a coin once?

• Chances that something occurs • 50%

7. What is the principle of segregation

Alleles will separate or segregate during gamete formation

8. What is the difference between heterozygous and homozygous

Hybrid and Purebred?• Two alleles that are the same

are purebred or homozygous• Two alleles that are different

are heterozygous or hybrid

9. What organisms does the principle of genetics apply to?

ALL ORGANISMS

10. What are genes? Alleles?

Genes are chemical factors that determine traits and

alleles are the different forms of genes represented to us by

letters (A or a)

11. What are phenotypes and genotypes

Phenotypes are the physical characteristics (blonde hair, blue eyes) and Genotype is the genetic make-

up of an organism (the letters AaLl)12. 12. Show a Punnett square that crosses a person who is homozygous tall TT with someone who is heterozygous tall Tt. List the possible genotypes

and phenotypes.Genotypes: TT, TtPhenotypes: Tall

13. What is the difference between a dominant allele and a recessive allele?

Dominant is the capital letter..A.. and recessive is

the little letter…a..

14. Define the principle of independent assortment?

) Traits will be assorted separately when gametes are produced. (just because your mom gives you her blonde hair alleles this does not

mean she has to give you her blue eye allele. Hair color and eye color

are not linked together)

15. What information do we get from a Punnett square? • ) We get probability that

something could happen.

16. Define incomplete dominance, co-dominance,

multiple alleles and polygenic traits and give

examples of each.

Incomplete dominance: Neither is dominant inbetween, BW= gray chicken

Co-Dominance: Both alleles are dominant, BW= Black and White chicken

Polygenic inheritance: Many genes contribute to the phenotype, Like skin

color

17. How many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes

produced by two pea plants whose genotype was BbGG

22 gametes are BG, 2 gametes

are bG

18. How would you determine if an organism is heterozygous or

homozygousIf both alleles are the same

then it is homozygous or if both alleles are different then it is

heterozygous

20. If you crossed a plant that is homozygous tall and a plant that is homozygous short, what allele would the f1 generation inherit from the tall plant? Short plant?

F1 generation would inherit only one big T from the tall plants (dominant trait for TALL) and one little “t” from each small plant

(recessive trait for SHORT)

P generation is the parents and F1 is their children. F2 is created by crossing two people from f1.

19. What is P generation? F1 Generation? F2 Generation?

21. When I crossed a purebred tall plant with a purebred short plant, my f1 generation was all tall. Why?

Figure it out!