1. What document officially ended WWI? 2. What country ... · U.S. Neutrality •Neutrality Acts...
Transcript of 1. What document officially ended WWI? 2. What country ... · U.S. Neutrality •Neutrality Acts...
March 10, 2015 Aim: How did WWII challenge the U.S.’s tradition of neutrality?
Do Now: Answer:
1. What document officially ended WWI?
2. What country failed to ratify it?
3. What country was forced to pay reparations as a result of that document?
FDR’s Foreign Policy
• Formal recognition of the Soviet Union (1933)
– Open trade
– Concern over Germany
• Reciprocal Trade Agreements (1934)
– Lowered tariffs
U.S. Neutrality
• Neutrality Acts (35, 36, 37)
• “cash and carry”
– Favored Britain
• Lend-Lease Act
– Permitted Britain to obtain U.S. arms on credit
• Atlantic Charter
– Secret U.S. & Britain plan for peace after the war
Debates over America’s role in the world
• Interventionists (WWII):
– Committee to Defend America- advocated aid to allies, especially Great Britain
• Isolationists:
– America First Committee - AGAINST US intervention in WWII
– Charles Lindbergh, Robert Taft (Ohio)
December 7, 1941 - Pearl Harbor
• Japanese surprise attack at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
• 1,100 killed, 1,200 wounded
• Congress declared war – December 8, 1941
Pearl Harbor Memorial, Hawaii USS Arizona beneath
The Decision to use the Atomic Bomb • Albert Einstein – persuaded FDR to develop an
atomic bomb before the Nazis.
• April 12, 1945 – FDR died after12 years in office.
FDR’s Funeral Procession, Washington, D.C.
The Decision to use the Atomic Bomb, cont’d
FDR’s successor, Harry Truman faced a terrible choice:
• Order a ground invasion of Japan – Estimated 1 million American casualties.
OR • Use an atomic bomb on Japan.
August 6, 1945 – Atomic Bomb exploded over Hiroshima
“Little Boy”
August 9, 1945 – Atomic Bomb exploded over Nagasaki
“Fat Man” About 100,000 were killed in each explosion. Japan surrenders shortly after the second explosion.
Legacy of WWII
• United Nations
– New peacekeeping organization
– U.S. becomes a permanent member of the security council
• Expectations
– U.S. and Soviet Union are the new world superpowers
Doc Practice – Do HIPPO
H: World War 2 I: American women P: Women can support their men fighting overseas P: Convince women they had an essential role in the war effort
Outside Info: “Rosie the Riveter” Women worked in munitions and aviation (WASPS) Paid far less than their male counterparts