1 Welcome to Biol 178 Principles of Biology Course goals Course information Text Grading Syllabus...
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Welcome to
Biol 178
Principles of Biology
• Course goals• Course information• Text• Grading• Syllabus• Lab• Chapter
Organization
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What is Biology?Study of life
Search for order in the natural world
Discovery of new relationships
Learn working rules that allow life to exist
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•Concept Outline
•Text
•Interim Summaries
•Summary Tables
•Concept Review
•Self Test Questions
•Challenge Questions
Chapter Organization & Aids to Promote Learning
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Lecture Outline
• A view of Life Characteristics of living organisms• Organization of life:
Levels of organization How to do Science
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Lecture Outline 1Reading Assignment: Chapter 1
• A view of Life:• Characteristics of living organisms• A. Cellular organization• B. Metabolism• C. Homeostasis• D. Reproduction• E. Heredity• F. Adaptability• G. Growth• H. Response• I. Other
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Levels of Organization
• Cellular Organization• cells• organelles• molecules• atoms
• The cell is the • basic unit of life.
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Levels of Organization
• Organismal Level•
organism• organ systems• organs• tissues
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Levels of Organization
• Population Level•
ecosystem•
community• species• population
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LifeLevels of Organization
1.Among organisms
2.Within Organisms
3.Within Cells
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Consequences of Hierarchical organization
• Emergent properties• New properties arise at each
higher level
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Unifying Themes of Biology
• 1. Cells• 2. Molecular basis of inheritance -
DNA• 3. Structure & function are
interrelated• 4. Evolution produces diversity• 5. Evolutionary conservation• 6. Life has emergent properties
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How is science done?
• Science aims to understand the natural world through observation and reasoning.
• Science begins with observations, therefore, much of science is purely descriptive.
• Science uses both deductive and inductive reasoning.
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The Nature of Science
• Deductive reasoning uses general principles to make specific predictions.
• Inductive reasoning uses specific observations to develop general conclusions.
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The Nature of Science
• Scientists use a systematic approach to gain understanding of the natural world.
• -Observation• -Hypothesis formation• -Prediction• -Experimentation• -Conclusion
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The Nature of Science
• A hypothesis is a possible explanation for an observation.
• Hypothesis leads to a prediction.
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The Nature of Science
• The experiment
• -tests the hypothesis by testing prediction
• -must be carefully designed to test only one variable at a time
• -consists of a test experiment and a control experiment
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The Nature of Science
Prediction True Conditionally Accept Hypothesis
False Reject Hypothesis
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Limitations of Science
• Hypothesis can NOT be proven true
• Truth Table• Hypothesis Prediction• True True• False
False or True
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Limitations of Science
Science does not prove hypotheses are true.
Science proves that some hypotheses are not true.
Hypotheses not proven false are conditionally accepted.
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Hypotheses, Theories & LawsHypothesis
• a tentative explanation.
Scientific Theory• Accepted explanation.• Supported by experimental evidence.• Solid ground of science.• A well-supported hypothesis.
Scientific Law• Scientific knowledge accepted as true.• An extremely well-supported hypothesis.
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