1 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Eco Tugs with DF Engines...

1 © Wärtsilä 19 April 2023 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID:

Eco Tugs with DF Engines

Ibrahim BehairyDirector Middle East

Ship Power / Wärtsilä UAE

IMOC 2014 Saudi ArabiaJubail 3-4 Sept. 2014


Contents

– Introduction.

– Challenges and main Market Drivers.

– Design background.

– Terminal Tug and DF engine type.

– Fuel Selection.

– What is LNG and how safe?

– Conclusion.

– Q & A.

Saudi Arabia to Go Green...

• KSA Strategic Geographical Location in the M.E:

• Central Trade Hub with modern ports.• Strong National Fleet. ( Off Shore + Merchant).

• Oil & Gas in KSA:• 2nd Largest Country in Oil production.• 6th Largest Country in Natural Gas Reserve.• This supports the trend of using LNG as new source of power.• (Availability+Price+Environment)

19 April 2023

DF Vs SG 3 © Wärtsilä

Factor trends: Environment

LOCAL

GLOBAL

LOCAL

LOCAL

Acid rainsTier II (2011)Tier III (2016)NOx

Greenhouse effectUnder evaluation by IMO

CO2

Acid rainsSulphur content in fuelSOx

Direct impact on humansLocally regulated

Particulatematter

4 © Wärtsilä 2sDF Engine


Development drivers for tug boats

• Environment– Emission reduction

• NOX emissions

• SOX emissions

– GHG “climate change” and human health• CO2

• Particles

• Fuel cost– Increasing oil prices


Design target

“Develop a machinery system producing the lowest possible emissions, whilst supporting the highest possible functionality for tug operations”


Terminal Tug Concept

Concept:– Terminal tug– LNG as primary fuel– Main machinery

• Electric propulsion• 2 x dual fuel generating sets

– Azimuthing stern drive (ASD)

Main particulars– Length, overall 35,6 m– Length, waterline 32 m– Beam 13,8 m– Bollard pull 100

tonnes– Installed power 6300 kW


Considerations for fuel selection

• Emissions potential• Quality standard• Cost• Safety• Availability• Storage


– Natural gas is mostly methane (CH4)

– Methane contains the highest amount of hydrogen per unit of energy of any fossil fuel

• Carbon to hydrogen ratio 1 / 4 (gasoline: 1 / 2,25)

• Lower CO2 emissions

– Natural gas is:• Non-toxic

• Colourless

• Odourless

• Lighter than air

What is Natural Gas?

Methane (CH4)

H

H

H HC Ethane (C2H6)


Why bunker has to be in liquid form (LNG)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

NG 1 bar LNG 10bar CNG 200bar

600

Fuel relative volume, energy content equal


LNG tank – space demand

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

DIESEL LNG (10 bar)

Rel

ativ

e V

olum

e

Tank room

Tank

Fuel

Energy content equal

Storage volume (Relative to MDO above double bottom)


DF Engines - Operating modes

* ** ** * **

******

** **

***

**

Intake ofair and gas

Compression ofair and gas

Ignition bypilot diesel fuel

Otto principle

Low-pressure gas admission

Pilot diesel injection

Gas mode: Ex. In. Ex. In.Ex. In.

Intake ofair

Compression ofair

Injection ofdiesel fuel

Diesel principle

Diesel injection

Diesel mode:Ex. In. Ex. In.Ex. In.

Otto or Diesel cycles: effects on NOX

Big temperature difference

NOx formation!

Otto, max flame temp.

Diesel, max flame temp.

1858-1913

1831-1891

2sDF Engine / May 2013April 19, 2023

DF Engines - Emissions

CO2

NOx

SOx

ParticulatesDieselengine

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Emissionvalues [%]

-25%

-85%

-99%

-99%

19 April 2023

14 © Wärtsilä

DF Vs SG

Dual-Fuel enginein gas mode

IMO Tier III compliant

SOx compliant

EPA compliant


Cleaner Exhaust Emissions

• 25-30% lower CO2

– Thanks to low carbon to hydrogen ratio of fuel

• 85% lower NOX

– Lean burn concept (high air-fuel ratio)

• No SOX emissions

– Sulphur is removed from fuel when liquefied

• Very low particulate emissions

• No visible smoke

• No sludge deposits

What about Methane slip and THC?

19 April 2023


• Total un-burnt Hydrocarbons (THC) is currently not regulated by IMO

• THC are part of exhaust gases, where Methane (CH4) is one part of THC

• 60-90% of THC is consisting of Methane, depending on the gas quality

• Methane is 25 times more harmful than CO2 and listed as a greenhouse gas (GHG)

Total Greenhouse Gases

19 April 2023

DF Vs SG 17

Based on the ISO defined operating profileCH4 in THC is 60-90% depending on gas composition

Approx ~20% reduction*

* Based on 32 / 34 bore comparison

CH4 as CO2 equivalent when CH4 part of THC is max 60%

CO2


Design focus - expanded

• Lowest emissions– Fuel selection – Engine technology

• Highest functionality– Thrust response– Required bollard pull

DF Engine

DUAL-FUEL (DF)

GAS-DIESEL (GD)

Gas burning technologies

19 April 2023


SPARK-IGNITION GAS (SG)

1987 1992 1995

DE

SIG

N P

HIL

OS

OP

HY


Wärtsilä Dual-fuel engine characteristics

– High efficiency– Low gas pressure– Low emissions, due to:

• High efficiency

• Clean fuel

• Lean burn combustion

– Fuel flexibility• Gas mode

• Diesel mode

– Two engine models• Wärtsilä 34DF

• Wärtsilä 50DF Wärtsilä 6L50DF


Technical data W34 (DF) Engine

Engine speed rpm 720 750

Bore mm 340 340

Stroke mm 400 400

Mean piston speed m/s 9.6 10

Mean eff. pressure bar 20 19.8

Max output/ cyl. kW 435 450

L

L

3

2

1

4

5

6

7

LNG Pac for DF Engine

5. Dual-Fuel Main engine

1. Fueling Station

2. Gas Storage

6. Dual-Fuel Aux engines

3. Evaporators

4. Gas valve unit enclosure

7. Integrated control system

Leading into the Gas age complete system supply

22 © Wärtsilä

2sDF Engine


LNG tank

• Cylindrical pressure vessel– C-type acc. to ICG code

• Vacuum insulated

• Approved for passenger vessels


LNG storage location

Gas storage below deck

Min. B/15 or 2 m (the lesser)

Never less than 760 mm

Never less than 760 mm

Min. B/5 or 11,5 m (the lesser)

LNG tank

LNG tank

Glycol-water skid

2013

25

Wärtsilä LNGPac™ ISO / Jonatan Byggmästar

The glycol-water (GW) skid extracts heat from the engine LT-water circuit for evaporating and heating of the LNG

• A mixture of glycol and water is used as heating media and supplied to the evaporator skid

• The GW skid shall preferably be installed in the engine room

Flange connections• GW to/from evaporator skid• LT- water in & out

Equipment• Redundant GW pumps• GW/LT heat exchangers• Process valves• Instrumentation

Gas Valve Unit in enclosure benefits

Main features• Can be located in the same

engine room, dedicated compartment not needed

• Compact design and easy installation (plug-and-play concept)

• Integrated ventilation system when combined with LNGPac

• Lower total investment cost compared to existing GVU

• Optimal for retrofit installation, due to compact size

26 © Wärtsilä

2sDF Engine


Bunkering

– LNG Terminal

– Tanker truck

– Tanker ship / barge

– Land based storage tankSuorce:www.knutsenoas.com


Operational modes


LNG fuelled terminal tug

30 © Wärtsilä

Engine characteristics - Operating mode changes (3/3)

SpeedLoad

Receiver pressureGas pressure

Pilot fuel pressure

Diesel actuator

Transfer from gas modeto diesel mode

at 100% load

Test result 18V50DF

Speed

Gas pressureLoad

Receiver pressure

Pilot fuel pressure

Diesel actuator

Transfer from diesel modeto gas modeat 80% load

Test result 18V50DF


Fuel prices

USD/ton EUR/ton USD/MBtu

MDO 980 ---- ----

MGO Abt.1000 ---- -----

LNG 465 ---- ------


Source: www.bunkerworld.com (Rotterdam February 2008), LNG price estimated

1 EUR = 1.47 USD

http://www.bunkerworld.com/

LNG Properties (Is it Safe.!)

19 April 2023


Conclusions

• LNG for low emissions

• DF Engines for lower fuel consumption, and emissions

• Electronics instantaneous load response

• Dual Fuel flexibility

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

00:00 00:20 00:40 01:00 01:20 01:40 02:00 02:20 02:40 03:00 03:20 03:40 04:00


Thank You..!

WärtsiläWärtsiläLeading Gas Applications in Off Shore MarketLeading Gas Applications in Off Shore Market

e-mail: [email protected]: [email protected]

1 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Eco Tugs with DF Engines...

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Transcript of 1 © Wärtsilä 03 July 2015 Presentation name / Author, DocumentID: Eco Tugs with DF Engines...