1, V.H. ATODARIA2, A.P.PARMAR3, PROF. P.PANCHAL€¦ · · 2013-06-02SOLAR LED STREET-LIGHT USING...

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SOLAR LED STREET-LIGHT USING MOTION SENSOR AND SINGLE AXIS CONTROL

P.P.DESAI1, V.H. ATODARIA2, A.P.PARMAR3, PROF. P.PANCHAL4 1 Electronics Department, BVM College of Engineering, V.Vnagar, INDIA- [email protected] 2 Electronics Department, BVM College of Engineering, V.Vnagar, INDIA- [email protected] 3 Electronics Department, BVM College of Engineering, V.Vnagar, INDIA- [email protected] 4 Electronics Department, BVM College of Engineering, V.Vnagar, INDIA- [email protected] ABSTRACT People have started moving towards the non-conventional sources of energy in this global warming period. Energy generated

from these resources should be used in effective manner. As far as energy consumption of any device is one of the important

concerns, the proper utilization has also its own importance.

This paper represents the street-light structure with the sole-purpose of reducing energy-consumption. Basically, it con-

sists of three parts, first trying to comprehend the concept of energy harnessing and then attempting to utilize it in utmost pos-

sible way. After that as a part of innovative application about how to optimize the power consumed using different electronics

components like charge controller and sensor. Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor is used for the concerned project with a purpose of

activation of led-street-light only when an object is passing through the subjected peripheral of street-light thereby saving ener-

gy for further usage and will be useful to prolong the utilization time of street-light. Solar energy is consumed maximum from

sun through proper azimuth angle adjustment. The main aim of representing this paper is to deploy this project on commercial

basis in market.

Keywords : Charge controller, Energy Consumption, LED Street light, PIR sensor, Solar Panel.

1 INTRODUCTION The increasing demand of energy, the depletion of fossil fuel

reserves, the unexpected events taking place on the interna-

tional scene (local armed conflicts, natural disasters like earth-

quakes, tsunamis, floods, hurricanes, etc.) that have the poten-

tial to partially cripple the energetic systems, proves that the

energy security and diversity is a serious aspect that the man-

kind should seriously consider when deciding the short and

middle term energy policy. The general opinion shared by the

most part of the specialists supports the idea that the exclusive

dependence on the energy produced from fossil fuels (coal, oil,

nuclear, etc.) is hazardous, unsustainable and harmful for the

environment [1]. Here we think of a product which is basically

constructed for rural are and especially for a pedestrian pur-

pose. “SOLAR LED STREET-LIGHT USING MOTION SEN-

SOR AND SINGLE AXIS CONTROL “is the idea we believe to

be a design, to get implemented, which can bring a revolution

in the street-light usage-concerned fields.

In a country like India, where cost effectiveness speaks for

itself, we intend to build a design which not only provides

low-cost product as an outcome but also uses solar energy in

its utmost possible way, given the circumstances [2]. This

street light uses single axis tracker which tracks the path of the

sun , for the given elevation angle, and aims to absorb maxi-

mum as possible energy from the sun through solar panel to

the battery . Another emphasis, in this idea, is given to the

proper utilization of street-light i.e. activation of it. An imple-

mentation of lighting circuitry is done in such a way, cascaded

with PIR sensor that it will turn on lights only when someone

International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 2, Issue 5, M ay-2013 ISSN 2278-7763

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is passing through the subjected area. Hence it will save the

energy during night time as well absorb energy during day-

time. So, a dual-purpose product focuses on low energy-

consumption along with High energy utilization.

2 RESEARCH FINDINGS Much research has been carried out in the field of solar power

harnessing system using multiple techniques [3]. However, no

such product exists in market that can be manufactured for

commercial purposes of rural parts and can satisfy the needs

of street-lights with such power-usage optimization. It has

been limited to its research papers only. Use of single axis

tracker can be shifted to dual-axis tracker which can add sev-

eral costs to the product itself. This paper shows the simplified

idea which involves automated solar-energy reining system

implemented on street-light system as well as application of

PIR that can be used in a day-to-day life and can be manufac-

tured easily. The advantages of this idea include low cost, easy

to handle, low maintenance, low power consumption. Fur-

thermore, this technique can be used in other area also such as

automation of home appliances such as to switch on-off the

house-lighting system, fans, lights, etc. The cost-effectiveness

and proper return of investment due to implement of solar-

panel system gives an edge to the subjected module. The block

diagram, flow chart and photograph of the prototype of the

Solar LED Street Light using Motion Sensor and Single Axis

Control are stated below.

3 BLOCK DIAGRAM

FIG 1: Block Diagram

4 DESCRIPTION OF THE BLOCK DIAGRAM

Due to “photovoltaic effect”, solar panel functions to absorb

energy through the sun throughout the day-time. Here the

storage- path of the energy to battery passes through the

charge-controller. Charge-controller, basically, supervises the

flow of current and amount of charging through the solar-

panel. If this amount exceeds the battery’s capacity, it attempts

to protect it from further damage. It has a relay-switching

mechanism which switches the path of charging to low cur-

rent-high resistance path hence the prevention from over-

charging is done. Here Dusk-To-Dawn sensor monitors the

operation of the circuitry of assembled system. Depending on

the light-intensity incident on it, it activates the day-time cir-

cuitry i.e. tracking system or night-time circuitry i.e. PIR sen-

sor system .During day-time, the LDR (Light Dependent Sen-

sor) of the Dusk-To-Dawn sensor is exposed to the light.

Hence it connects the panel with tracker circuitry. The tracker

circuitry basically consists of H-bridge circuit which rotates

the motor according to the voltage-distribution across the two

sides of H-bridge. Now, with the help of two LDRs mounted

on solar-panel such a way that one faces the East direction and


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the other one faces the West. In accordance with the amount of

light-intensity incident on each of these two LDRs, the track-

ing circuitry automates motor’s motion. Hence, in accordance

with sun’s motion, tracker circuitry moves solar panel’s posi-

tion by changing the azimuth angle for the given elevation-

angle continuously, thereby yielding maximum energy-

harnessing. For the given unequal amount of energy incident

on each of the LDRs, motor rotates the panel in clockwise or

anti-clockwise id est East or West direction respectively.

Hence, the given system functions as an automated system,

once proper setup is done. For this operation, it should be not-

ed that the power is provided by the same battery and it con-

sumes so lesser amount of it with respect to the amount which

it is able to obtain.

During the dusk time, the panel faces the west direction. De-

pending upon the amount of light-intensity, the dusk-to-down

sensor activates the night time circuitry. Here the sensitivity of

this sensor can be adjusted depending upon the season .For

example, for the winter-time we can keep sensitivity low as

night time is early and the opposite for the summer. During

night-time the PIR (passive infrared) sensor monitors the sub-

jected arena. Appropriate placement of the sensor itself mat-

ters the most for the proper operation. The aim behind the

implementation of such equipment is the logic of frequency of

pedestrians passing by the area subjected during different

times of the whole night-time. So, activation of LED circuitry

for the lighting-purpose is done only when someone walks

through the area cross the subjected street light. If nobody

passes by the concerned arena, it remains off thereby saving

the storage of energy in the battery. Again, during the dawn,

depending on light-intensity incident on Dusk-To-Dawn sen-

sor, it activates tracker circuitry and de-activates the lighting

circuitry. Tracker tracks the sun and adjusts panel’s position in

the East direction, all by itself automatically and the whole

operation mentioned above repeats itself continuously every

day.

4 5 FLOW CHART OF THE SYSTEM

FIG 2: Flow Chart of the System

6 PHOTOGRAPH OF THE PROTOTYPE SYSTEM

FIG 3: Photograph of the Prototype System

The above figure shows the prototype of the idea presented in

this paper. If such construction and idea is implemented on

commercial basis then it will be a great success and can bring a

new revolution in solar energy generation and its utilization.


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7 CONCLUSION

Solar energy as one of the important and major renewable

source of energy also proves itself useful in functioning of

constructions like street-lights. In order to achieve safety and

to increase the capacity of battery, charge controller is neces-

sary module. To harness as maximum as possible energy from

sun, solar tracker becomes important component. PIR sensor

proves itself a quintessential division of given module in order

to achieve the aim of minimum consumption of energy as pos-

sible.

8 REFERENCES

1.] Tiberiu TUDORACHE1, Constantin Daniel OANCEA2,

Liviu KREINDLER3 published paper on “Performance Evalu-

ation of a Solar Tracking PV Panel” in U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series

C, Vol. 74, Iss. 1, 2012.

2.] “Non conventional energy source” by G.D.RAI, Khanna

Publishers, 4th Edition, 2000.

3.] LED Street Light Research Project, Remaking Cities Insti-

tute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, September 2011.

4.] http://ecopia.com.au/solar-chargers

5.] http://www.supernovatechnologies.net


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1, V.H. ATODARIA2, A.P.PARMAR3, PROF. P.PANCHAL€¦ · · 2013-06-02SOLAR LED STREET-LIGHT USING...

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