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The Torino history The Torino history and in the historyand in the history

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first newsfirst news It is known, from Greek an

Latin historians, that our land was populated by “Taurini” since VI-III century BC

the name come from Taur or Thor, i.e. mountain in celtic language, not from taurus = bull (the symbol of Torino)

taurini means populations of the mountains, migrating from a Drava region in VI-III century a.C. in our region, already populated by Ligurians, the autochthonal populations

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about the town about the town of Taurasiaof Taurasia

a town located at the confluence of Dora and Po river was cited by Appiano da Alessandria (ca 95 – 161 AC) in the “Storia Annibalica” as “Taurasia”

during the II punic war, 218-201 BC, Hannibal cross the alps with 37 elephants and took Taurasia after three days of siege

the romans were very grateful to taurini because they leave time to reorganize

but just for short time ....

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romans brings theromans brings the“roman pax”“roman pax”

when Rome decide the invasion of the Gallia, our region become a military region, crossed by an important road between Rome and the Gallia

Julius Caesar founded a roman castrum on year 27 AC

the castrum was called “Augusta Taurinorum” in honour of emperor Ottaviano Augusto

the structure of the castrum, with the road crossing at 90 degree, is still a typical characteristic of Torino

Roman theater and Porte Palatine

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the two main road of the camp arestill there: the “decumana maximus”is the Via Garibaldi and the“Porta Pretoria” is on theback of Palazzo Madama.The “cardo maximus” isthe present Via S. Tommaso

the medium age was a black period forour region, just the border between Francs and Longobards kingdoms.

Piedmont was a land of battles whith a consequent great economical depression

romans expansion romans expansion and the medium ageand the medium age

Augusta Taurinorum map

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The Savoia dukes The Savoia dukes and kingsand kings

the influence of Savoia familywas very big in Piedmont andin Italy

the first citation of a Savoia member in the history was the Count Oddone Moriana-Savoia, husband of Adelaide, marquess of Piemont in 1046

The Savoia was a fighting dynasty, for 900 years they try to expand in every directions but the France directions was very hard, the Italy direction was much more easy!

The Savoia dukedom upgrade to kingdom of Sardinia in 1713 (Utrecht treaty) and kings of Italy in 1861 with the king Vittorio Emanuele II

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Torino, the capital Torino, the capital of Italian kingdomof Italian kingdom

the Kingdom of Italy was declared by the first Italian Parlamant in Torino on March 17, 1861

Torino was the capital of kingdom from 1861 to 1864, when the capital was moved to Florence and Rome, consequence of agreement between France and Piedmont

great change and shock in the economy of the town. Thousands of working positions in the administration of the kingdom was lost. Popular inssurections with hundreds of people dead.

to compensate the economical crack of Torino, a new “Science town”, including our Physics Institute, was created on 1884

Palazzo Carignano

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Torino and the Torino and the sciencescience

the first italian public Universitywas created in Bologna on 1088,

the knowledge before was appanage ofChurch, the teaching was done on monastery and bishop's palaces

the second University was created in Padua on 1222 from rebels students and professors coming from Bologna

the third University was created in Vercelli on 1228 from Padua, with 3 faculties (theology, jurisprudence and medicine) and 14 professors (1 theologist, 3 jurist, 4 decretisti (???), 2 physicians, 2 dialectics, 2 literacy), payed by the students and a contribution by the commune for 500 lodging places

the word laurea come from laurel wreath (coronad’alloro), dressed by the students at the end studies

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more on more on sciencescience

the Vercelli University was closedon 1361 and moved to Pavia

a new University was open on 1404 in Torino the “società scientifica”, created on 1757 by

Angelo Saluzzo di Monesiglio, Giovanni Cigna e Luigi De La Grangia became Accademia delle Scienze on 1783

a new scientific city created on 1884. Investement on Research. The base for the beginning of industrialization in Piemont (Fiat …)

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outstanding people outstanding people of Torinoof Torino

Joseph-Louis Lagrange, author ofMecanique Analytique, born in Torino on 1736

Erasmus of Rotterdam, got the laureain Torino on 1506

Amedeo Avogadro di Quaregna founderof atomic theory, born in Torino on 1776

Ascanio Sobrero, discovery of nitroclycerine, trasformed in dynamith by Alfred Nobel

Galileo Ferraris, discovery of the rotating magnetic field, the base of electrical motor

three Nobel prize in medicine: Salvatore Lauria (1969), Renato Dulbecco (1975), Rita Levi-Montalcini (1986)

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innovations and innovations and innovators of Torinoinnovators of Torino

first electronic calculator, the perottina (1964)

Giovanni Agnelli, FIAT cars

Italian movies Studios, since end of 1800

first TV trasmission in Italy

first machine for industrial chocolate production(Doret-Caffarel 1778)

Carpano, Martini and Cinzano Vermouth (P.zza Castello, 1786)

first “Magnum like ice-cream”, ice cream on a stickcovered by chocolate (Gelati Pepino, Via Po, 1928)

first “Sprite”, lemonade with CO2 gas, called “gassosa”

(Caffè Guelpa, C.so Vittorio 58, 1833)

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Torino, science and moreTorino, science and more conclusion

Torino is an old town with many hystorical places, important museum and a nice and pleasant center

suggestions take your time to walk around try to drink capuccino and marocchino (everywhere),

bicerin (caffè della Consolata) enjoy the aperitivo in any of the hystorical coffee shop

downtown (Baratti & MIlano, Mulassano, Caffè Torino) PAY THE MAXIMUM ATTENTION OF

PICKPOKET AND TAKE CARE OF YOUR WALLET ON THE BUS AND TRAM

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finally, in the remainig time, enjoy our workshop!