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The Rwandan Mining Sector

February 2014

I. Geologic context

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The Kibaran belt

Simplified geology map of Rwanda

Key minerals mined in Rwanda

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Minerals mined in the past

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Beryl (radiation windows for X-ray tubes, military

applications)

Spodumene (source of lithium for use in ceramics, mobile

phone)

Monazite (source of lanthanum, and cerium for use in batteries for hybrid

automobiles)

Amblygonite (source of lithium for use

in ceramics, mobile phone)

III. Current status (Exports)

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YearEarnings (M US$) Volume (Tons)

1999 6.9 9432000 12.6 1,0122001 42.6 2,1022002 15.9 2,0832003 11.1 2,5992004 29.3 5,0822005 37.3 6,4652006 37.0 6,1872007 70.6 8,2832008 94.0 7,3642009 54.6 7,9602010 71.0 8,4062011 158.0 9,6972012 136.3 75882013 228.3 8,188

1998200020022004200620082010201220140

50

100

150

200

250

Exports earningsLinear (Exports earnings)

YearsEx

port

s in

Mln

$

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1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

50

100

150

200

250

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Export earnings (99-2013) in Million U$D

Export volumes (99-2013) in tons Target 14/15:-$285M

-10,000tons

In 2013: Minerals contributed 67 % of principal export; The sector directly employed at least 28,000 people

Currently there are over 548 mining sites in the country, operated by 231 mining companies and cooperatives;

23 companies are dealing in mineral trading and exporting;

Some figures

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V. Reforms and programs (14 to 17/18)

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Pillars ObjectivesStrengthen the legal and regulatory

-Mining Law of 2008 being amended; -Improvement of the mineral fiscal regime;-Setting up a modern mining cadastre-Improving Environment and OHS in mines

Raise knowledge on national mineral potential

-Acquisition of new primary geology data;- Develop mineral research projects by private & public sector;

Develop skills -Capacity building (Long & Short time course, TVET diploma, SCBI)-Training of mine workers

Raise productivity -Conducive competitive investment environment;-Improving the mineral recovery rate;

Diversification and value addition

-Increase varieties of minerals mined in the country;-Support and encourage establishment of value addition centers

Important aspect of the new Mining Code

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• Exploration license (4 years renewable once)• Mining license (from 5 to 25 years depending on

the size of operations and nature of deposit; all renewable)

Mining Licenses

• 4% base metals• 6% precious stones and metalsRoyalties

• Exploration: 400 ha each bloc, unlimited number• Mining license: bloc can be 50, 100 or 400 ha,

unlimited number. Depends on size of deposit and investment

Size of blocs

The new Mining Cadastre and Gridding system

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Current situation (Rutsiro Ngororero)

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Zoom in

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Way forward

Mineral certification mechanism

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Regional Initiative on the fight against Illegal Exploitation of Natural

Resources

Export Certificate

VI. New discoveries

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11 New delineated prospective areas

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Discovered gold resources of more than

775,000 ounces (22tons)

Discoveries from recent GoR funded survey

Proposed activities:- geological mapping,- geochemical soil grid,- TDEM/IP geophysics,- 6 deep drillings in anomalous zones.

Copper

Assumed mineralisation type: Polymetallic and Gold-Quartz veins

Exploration Target N2N3-8 (85.1 km²)

Gossan material

Zinc

Cobalt

Mn

Barium

Silver

Gold

Discoveries from recent GoR funded survey

Proposed activities:- geochemical soil grid,- 5 pits / shallow drillings in anomalous

zones.

Ta-Nb-Sn-W

Important indications:- Ta, Sn, As, Li, Nb, W in stream sediments,- rock samples indicate Ta, Sn, Be, Cs, Li,

Nb, Rb, Y in pegmatites.

Assumed mineralisation type:- Pegmatites (Ta-Nb-Sn) and Quartz veins

with Sn-W

Exploration Target N2N3-2 (77.6 km²)

Pegmatite mining in Remera

MURAKOZE