1 Terminal Equipment Power Feed Equipment CablesRepeater CABOS SUBMARINOS INTERNACIONAIS.

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TerminalEquipment

Power FeedEquipment

Cables Repeater

CABOS SUBMARINOS INTERNACIONAIS

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INFORMAÇÕES GERAIS Historico Configuração Típica Submarine Line Terminal Equipment (SLTE) Power Feed Equipment (PFE) Repetidor Branching Unit (BU) Cabos Navios Cabeiros Robots

ARQUITETURA DE REDEINSTALAÇÃO DE UMA REDE SUBMARINAREPARO EM UMA REDE SUBMARINASISTEMAS SUBMARINOS UTILIZADOS PELA XX

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ANO Systema Pontos interligados Arquitetura de rede MultiplexaçãoCapacidade

Vias-Blocos-Tipo

Capac. Max(3 ou 4 Khz)ou 64 kbps

Banda aloc

(Mbps)1970 BRACAN (BRA-ESP) BR-ES FLAT FDM 1 X 10 GPB 160 101980 BRUS (BR-US) BR-US FLAT FDM 1 X 16 X SGB 960 611980 ATLANTIS-1 BR-Africa, Europa FLAT FDM 1 X 22 X SGB 1,320 841994 AMERICAS-I BR-Caribe, US FALT TDM 2 X 4 X 140M 15,872 1,1201994 UNISUR BR-AR-UR FLAT TDM 2 X 4 X 140M 15,872 1,1202000 ATLANTIS-2 BR-Africa, Europa Collapsed Ring WDM 2 X 8λ X 2.5G 483,840 40,0002000 AMERICAS-2 BR-Caribe, US Collapsed Ring WDM 4 X 8λ X 2.5G 967,680 80,0002001 EMERGIA Americas Ring DWDM 4 X 48λ X 10G 23,224,320 1,920,000

Hoje podemos multiplexar 105 canais de 10Gbps em 8 pares de fibras no mesmo cabo 101,606,400 8,400,000

HISTORICO

Nota: Os sistemas de cabos submarinos Internacionais, são sistemas com REPETIÇÃO

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CONFIGURAÇÃO TÍPICA

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Inteface da rede terrestre com a planta submersa Realiza as funções de WDM Proteção de rede (1+N) Inclui as funções de transmissão e recepção ótica da rede Pre-enfase automática

SLTE - Submarine Line Terminal Equipment

Tem a função de alimentar os repetidores Fonte de corrente constante, regulada em 1.3A Voltagem de saida ajustável de 0 – 10KV DC conforme seja necessário Voltagem de entrada 42-60 VDC

PFE - Power Feed Equipment

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Distância típica 40 - 80 KmProfundidade 8000 mCapacidade 1 a 105 canais por par de fibra, permitindo até 8 pares de fibra por unidade repetidora

Vida útil 25 anosSupervisão Poténcia ótica IN/OUT, corrente da laser pump, supervisão de falhas e ou quebra de fibra

REPETIDOR

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A BU é utilizada em sistemas de cabos onde é requerido conexões paramuliplos pontos

Conectividade óptica – (Fibra ou Canal WDM) Concetividade elétrica – (Passiva ou Ativa)

BRANCHING UNIT (BU)

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Depth 8000mFibres 16

LW LWP SAL SA DA RAUnit Values Values Values Values Values Values

NTTS* kN 50 50 200 250 400 250NOTS* kN 30 30 150 200 300 200NPTS* kN 20 20 100 150 200 150

UTS* kN 70 70 280 370 560 370Characteristics

Outer diameter mm 17 23 28 31 46 46Weight in air kg/m 0.5 0.75 2 2.6 7.5 7.4

Weight in water kg/m 0.27 0.33 1.4 1.8 5.7 5.6

*UTS: ultimate tensile strength

Performance

*NPTS: nominal permanent tensile strength*NOTS: nominal operating tensile strength*NTTS: nominal transient tensile strength

CABOS

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Caracteristicas tipicas de un Navio da KDD (KDD PACIFIC LINK) que executa as tarefas de instalação emanutenção de cabos submarinos da fibra ótica no oceano pacífico

Owner KOKUSAI CABLE SHIP CO.,LTD.(KCS)Built 1993 by Singmarine Dock & Engineering Ltd..,Converted 1997 by Wear Dockyard Ltd. Sunderland UKPort of registry TokyoFlag JapanClassification NK NS(CL) MNS MOLength over all 109mBreadth(moulded) 20.5mDepth(moulded) 9.0mGross Tonnage 7,960tonScantling draft 7.5mDead weight 6,597ton

Cable tank capacity4,000T/2,400m3 (2 main cable tanks)500T/320m3(2 spare cable tanks)

Main generator 1,600kw x 6unitsEmergency generator 600kw x 1unitAzimuth thrusters 2,000 / 1,000kw x 2units (2speed)Side thrusters 800kw x 3unitsDynamic positioning system Triple modular redundant systemService Speed 11.5knotsEndurance 50daysCable handling equipmentDrum cable engineLinear cable engineCable plowA-frameStem sheaves

EL-HY drum type x 2units, 3.6m dia.EL-HY tire type 20pair x 1unitSMD type35T SWL1.3m width split, 3.0m dia.0.5m width, 3.0m dia.

Anti-rolling tank 1unitDeck crane(EL-HY) 1Unit, 3.5THelideck 19m diameter, Super Puma Helicopter or equivalentComplement 58personnel max.Navigation aids DGPS Duplicated

NAVIO CABEIRO TIPICO

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PLOW ROV - MARCAS-III ROV - MARCAS-SBT

ARADO E ROBOT

Arado - Rebocado pelo navio, enterra o cabo entre 1-3 metros e chega a profundidades de 1500 m

ROV - Utilizado para as operações em águas profundas, chegando até 2500 m profundidade

•Diagnóstico de problemas•Escavar•Levantar o cabo•Cortar •Enterrar o cabo em até 3 metros de profundidade sob o leito

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ARQUITETURA DE REDEINSTALAÇÃO DE UMA REDE SUBMARINAREPARO EM UMA REDE SUBMARINASISTEMAS SUBMARINOS UTILIZADOS PELA XXX

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ARQUITETURA DE REDE

Festoon Ring

Collapsed Ring Mesh Collapsed Mesh

Festoon Branched String

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1) The marine operation begins with the cable being ‘floated’ ashore to thelanding position from the cable ship. The cable is ‘floated’ ashore to preventdamage to both the seabed and the cable. Once the cable end is ashore andsecure, the floatation bags are removed s removed and the cable settles tothe seabed.

Laying a submarine network

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2) The cableship follows the pre-determinated route and the cable is buried orsurface-laid as required. Continuous adjustments are made to ‘slack’ andvessel position to ensure a good conformity of cable to the seabed.


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3) Upon arrival at the other cable end (previously installed and buoyed off) theposition of the laying vessel is adjusted until both cable ends are on board. Afinal splice cable joint is made.


4) Upon completion of the final splice joint, the cable bight is lowered overboardand deployed on the seabed.

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Repairing a submarine network

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3

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1) The fault is initially located by testing from the terminal stations. The repairship can recover the cable using a variety of grapnels. The grapnel is loweredfrom the repair vessel and traverses the cable line on the seabed. A grapnel is aspecial device that can simultaneously cut and seize cables.

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2) After the cable is found and hooked by the grapnel , it is cut in situ and oneend is raised and brought onto the ship.

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3) A buoy is attached to the end of the recovered cable, which is then replacedon the ocean floor. Recovery of the other cable end with the grapnel thenproceeds.

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4) After the other end of the cable is recovered on board and the faulty cablesection is removed, replacement cable is jointed in and the cable is deployedback to the buoy.

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5) The end of the cable attached to the buoy is brought aboard, and it is splicedto the replacement cable.

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6) After a series of tests, the cable is released and lowered/lowered onto theocean floor.

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Americas -2Familly Repeatered

Bit rate/fibre pairs: 2500/4 WDMLength (km): 9000

Number of repeaters: 99Status Installed

Service date: 2000Landing countries: Brazil, Guyana, Trinidad, Curaçao,

Venezuela, US Virgin Islands, Martinique,Puerto Rico, USA

Purchasers: ANTELECOM, AT&T, MCII, Sprint,Embratel, CANTV, Telintar, FranceTelecom, Telecom Italia, Telefónica,Trescom Int, TSTT, Telesur

Total cost: 362 MU$

AMERICAS-II

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Atlantis-2Familly Repeatered



Service date: 2000Landing countries: Argentina, Brazil, Senegal, Cape Verde

Islands, Canary Islands, PortugalPurchasers: Telintar, Embratel, Sonatel, Cabo Verde

Telecom, Telefónica, Marconi, TelecomItalia, France Telecom, Deutsche Telekom

Total cost: 262 MU$

ATLANTIS 2

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Columbus IIIFamilly Repeatered

Bit rate/fibre pairs: 2500/2 WDMLength (km): -


Service date: 1999Landing countries: Italy, Portugal, Spain, USA

Purchasers: Over 30 carriers including: AT&T, CPRM,Telefónica, Telecom Italia

Total cost: -

COLUMBUS-III

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SEA-ME-WE 3Familly Repeatered

Bitrate/fibre

pairs:

2500/2 WDM

Length(km):

27000

Numberof

repeaters:

up to 300

Status InstalledService

date:1998

Landingcountries:

Germany, Belgium,England, France,Portugal, Morocco,Italy, Greece, Turkey,Cyprus, Egypt, SaudiArabia, Djibouti, UAE,Oman, Pakistan,India, Sri Lanka,Myanmar, Thailand,Malaysia, Indonesia

Purchasers 90telecommunicationscarriers including:Telstra, Belgium PTT,Cyprus PTT, OPT,ARENTO, FranceTelecom, FCR,DTAG, OTE, VSNL,INDOSAT, TelecomItalia SPA,

Totalcost:

1,372 MU$

SMW-3

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Familly Repeatered

Bit rate/fibrepairs:

2500/2

Length (km): 2800

Number ofrepeaters:

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Status Installed

Service date: 1998

Landingcountries:

St. Croix, Aruba, Venezuela,Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile

Purchasers: Telefónica, Telefónica Peru, CTCMundo, MCI, AT&T, Telintar,CANTV, ENTEL Chile, TelecomItalia, Sprint, Setar, Emetel

PAN-AMERICAN

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TPC-5Familly Repeatered


Number of repeaters: -Status Installed

Service date: 1996Landing countries: Japan, Guam, Hawaii, USA

Purchasers: KDD, AT&T, ..Total cost: 1,120 UM$

TPC-5

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GEMINI

Gemini (South/North)Familly Repeatered

Bit rate/fibre pairs: 2500/2 WDMLength (km): 6,260/5855

Number of repeaters: 104/82Status Installed

Service date: 1998Landing countries: GBR, USA

Purchasers: Gemini Submarine Cable System Limited (aJV between Cable & Wireless plc andWorldCom Inc)

Total cost: MU$

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SACFamilly Repeatered

Bit rate/fibre pairs: 10000x32/4 DWDMLength (km): 16,000

Number of repeaters: 288Status Under Implementation

Service date: 2000/1Landing countries: USA, Brasil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Colombia,

PanamaPurchasers: Global Crossing

Total cost: 700 MU$

SAC

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Fortaleza/BRA

Rio de Janeiro/BRA

Las Toninas/ARGValparaiso/CHL

Arica/CHL

Lurin/PRU

Salvador/BRA

Buenaventura/COL

Santos/BRA

Puerto San JoseGUATEMALA

Puerto BarrosGUATEMALA

San Juan/PRO

Florida/USA

EMERGIAEMERGIA

Familly RepeateredBit rate/fibre pairs: 10000/49/4 DWDM

Length (km): 25,000Number of repeaters:

Status OngoingService date: 2001

Landing countries: USA, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile,Peru, Colombia, Guatemala

Purchasers: Telefonica SAMTotal cost: 1,600 MU$

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1

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Tuckerton/NJ

Boca Raton/FL

Punta Gorda/VEN

Fortaleza/BRA

St. David’s/Bermuda

Rio de Janeiro/BRA

SPO

Las Toninas/ARG

360AMERICAS360AMERICAS

Familly RepeateredBit rate/fibre pairs: 10000x32/4 DWDM

Length (km): 28500Number of repeaters: 303

Status Under ImplementationService date: 2000/1

Landing countries: USA, BER,VEN,BRA,ARGPurchasers: Atlantica Network, Subsidiary of 360networks

Total cost: 940 MU$

Under ConstructionUnder DevelopmentNorth Ring Segments: 1,2,3,4,5Central Ring Segments: 6,7South Ring Segments: 8,9

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