Revolucija Vraanje na prethodno stanje

Slavna revolucija u Engleskoj (1688) Politika revolucija

Amerika revolucija (1775-1783) Socijalna revolucija

Francuska revolucija (1789), Ruska Revolucija (1917)...

Definicije rapid, basic transformations of a societys state

and class structures; and they are accompanied and in part carried thru by class-based revolts from below (Theda Skocpol)

a forcible transfer of power over a state in the course of which at least 2 distinct blocs of contenders make incompatible claims to control the state, and some significant portion of the population subject to the states jurisdiction acquiesces in the claims of each bloc (Charles Tilly)

Charles Tilly European Revolutions (1992)

Revolucionarna situacija (revolutionary situation) Appearance of contenders Commitment to claims by significant population Incapacity of rulers to suppress claims

Revolucionarni ishod (revolutionary outcome) Defection of polity member Contenders gain armed forces Neutralize regimes armed forces Control of state apparatus by revolutionary forces

James DeFronzo

Social movements Reform movement Revolutionary movement (left-wing, right-

wing) Peoples war Terrorism Guerrilla warfare

5 kljunih faktora Mass frustrations and popular uprising

Relative deprivation, liberation theology, rising expectations (decreasing capabilities)

Dissident elite ideology

Unifying motivations National liberation movement

Severe political crisis paralyzing the state State of war

Permissive or tolerant world context

Marxist Annales, class conflict

Frustration-aggression theory Rising expectations (Gurr)

Systems theory State fails to deliver

Modernization theory Mobilization during periods of modernization

Structural theory Political, economic, social structures fail when

state is under pressure from other regimes (Skocpol)

Theda Skocpol States and Social Revolutions (1979)

Social revolutions occurred in France, Russia, and China during the modernization of agrarian bureaucratic societies integrated into international system dominated by more economically modern nations Collapse of central administration and military Widespread peasant rebellion Marginal elite political movements

Skocpol

Foreign pressure is too great Structural characteristics of such societies

Wars Landed upper classes seeking to preserve

privileges Revolution in Iran ideology does matter

(Islam)

Slavna revolucija (1688) William of Orange (William and Mary)

protiv Kralja James II Protestanti i Katolici Bill of Rights (1689) parlementarizam Engleski graanski rat (1642 1651),

Restoracija (1660) revolucija? the coming round of an old

system of values in a circular motion, back to its original position, as Britain's constitution was reasserted, rather than formed anew

Amerika revolucija (ili Ameriki rat za neovisnost) 1775 - 1783

Hannah Arendt On Revolution (1963) Amerika revolucija samo politika

revolucija, nije imala karakteristike socijalne revolucije sloboda

Ameriki graanski rat kao kraj revolucije 1964 Civil Rights movement? Max Weber karizmatine osobe vane

za revolucije

Francuska revolucija1789 - 1799

ProsvjetiteljstvoFrancuski predstavnici prosvjetiteljstva:

Voltaire (1694 1778)

Denis Diderot (1713-1784)

Montesquieu Podjela vlasti

Jean-Jaques Rousseau (1712-1778)Social Contract izmeu vlade i graana

Priroda

Sloboda

Razum

Ancien RgimeAbsolutizam

Poloaj Crkve i monarhije

Privilegije plemstva (parlements)

Nepravilni porezni sustav

Kralj Luj XIVVersailles

Ekonomske krizeFinansijska kriza zbog ratovanje

Glad, visoke cijene kruhaNezaposlenosti i siromatvo

3 stalea

1. stale sveanstvo

2. stale plemstvo

3. stale seljatvo i graanstvo

veljaa 1787 Kralj Luj XVI zove plemstvo da prihvate nove poreze, oni to odbiju

8. kolovoza 1788 Kralj odluci pod pritiskom sazvati Generalne stalee(Estates General)

sijeanj 1789 Opat Sieyes napie pamfletu Sto je 3. stale?5. svibnja 1789 poetak zasjedanje Generalne stalee u Versaillesu

Faze revolucije

1.Ancien Rgime2.Umjerena revolucija (1789 1792)3.Radikalizacija i vlada terora (1793 1794)

4.Direktorat (1795 1799)5.Era Napoleona (1799 1815)

Narodna skuptina

Prisega u Loptaonici Jacques Louis David20. lipnja 1789

Uzroci revolucije? Strukturalni faktori

Financijska kriza, drava ne moe dovoljno reformirati i biti konkurentna prema susjedima

Marksitika analiza Klasni sukobi (aristokracija v. buroazije,

feudalizam v. kapitalizam) Ideologija

Visoko i nisko Prosvjetiteljstvo intelektualci razvoj novinarstva i industrijalizacija tiska

Karizmatini lideri

Kralj Luj XVI Kraljica Marie-Antoinette

Simboli mo, simboli ekstravagancije

Napad na Bastille 14. srpnja 1789

Pariz: Centar revolucije

Narodna skuptina kolovoz 1789 kraj feudalizma

Veliki strah rujan 1789 Deklaracija o pravima ovjeka i

graanina 5. listopada 1789 ene mariraju na Versailles

i forsiraju kralja da se preseli u Pariz 12. srpnja 1790 Graanski ustav za

sveanstvo Lipanj 1791 kralj pokua pobjei (Varennes) rujan 1791 Francuski ustav zavren, Narodna

skuptina postane Zakonodavna skuptina

Politike grupe u skuptini Jakobinci (Jacobins) irondisti (Girondists) Fejanti (Feulliants)

Sans-culottes with Phrygian capsene mariraju na Versailles

Radikalizacija revolucije

travanj 1792 rat protiv Austrije i Pruske 10. kolovoza 1792 napad na palau

(Tuileries) u Parizu rujan 1792 Narodni konvent preuzme

vladu, monarhija abolirana, masakri 21. sijenja 1793 Luj XVI pogubljen travanj 1793 formira se Komitet javnog

spasa (Committee of Public Safety)

Vlada terora 1793-1794

Maximilien Robespierre Jean Paul Marat Georges Danton

Rat i teror Kolovoz 1793 levee en masse Rujan 1793 ope maksimiranje Listopad 1793 dekristijanizacija Kontrarevolucija Vendee 1792 1794: 40,000 rtava terora

Simbol terora (i prosvjetiteljstvo?)

Guillotine - giljotina

Kraj revolucije? Pad Robespierre-a 9 Thermidore (1794) Direktorat (1795 1799)

5 direktora Napoleon preuzima vlast 18 Brumaire

(1799) Consulate, 1804 postane car

Tradicija revolucije se nastavlja