1 Technology Department Frédérick Bordry 8 th June 2009.
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Transcript of 1 Technology Department Frédérick Bordry 8 th June 2009.
1
Technology Department
Frédérick Bordry
8th June 2009
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The Technology Department is responsible for technologies which are specific to existing particle accelerators, facilities and future projects.
The main domains of activities cover: magnets (superconducting, normal conducting, fast pulsed magnets, electrostatic and magnetic septa), their machine integration and protection, power converters, cryogenics, high & ultra-high vacuum systems, coatings and surface treatments.
The Technology Department provides support to the experimental detectors, mainly for cryogenics, vacuum, coatings, surface treatments and power converters.
The dominating part of the activities for the next few years is the operation of the LHC (LHC ring and injectors) and its upgrades (LHC injector consolidation, Linac 4, SLHC phase 1).
The Technology Department is responsible to design equipments, systems and studies where necessary for consolidations, upgrades (SPL, PS2, SLHC phase 2,…) and future CERN projects (CLIC,…)
Technology Department Mandate
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TE-ABT mandate : Accelerator Beam Transfer
The group is in charge of the design, development, construction, installation, exploitation and maintenance of injection and extraction related equipment:
• fast pulsed magnets with associated high voltage pulse generators and transmission lines; • electrostatic and magnetic septa, including high voltage power supplies for electrostatic septa; • extraction related protection devices;• associated equipment-level control systems (hard- and software).
The group is responsible for injection and extraction systems in the entire accelerator complex and for beam transfer lines between accelerators and primary beam lines up to targets, including the full commissioning of the LHC injection and beam dumping systems and their potential upgrade. This responsibility comprises the conception, layout and optics design, equipment specification, technical coordination, commissioning, performance follow-up and beam physics of underlying processes.
51 staff
TE-ABT: Fast pulsed systems (“kickers”)
LHC injection kickers
• very short pulses (from O(100 ns): strip-line kickers … Ferrite cores … up to >100 μs: steel tapes)• high voltage (up to 80 kV), high current (up to 30 kA)• high voltage assemblies and circuitry (switches (gas tubes or semiconductor), cables, connectors)• ultra high vacuum (down to 10-11 mbar), precision mechanics, brazing/welding techniques, various metals, surface coating, ceramic insulators and capacitors (in vacuum)• oil and gas systems for insulation and cooling• simulation and measurements of electric/magnetic fields, pulse forms, beam impedance
GTO basedHV switch
many different shapes/sizes
5 m long L-C network
TE-ABT: Electrostatic and magnetic septa
septum magnet
positioning system
vacuum tank
HV deflector
beam screen thin foil (or wires)
HV electrode
insulatorsfoil tensioners
• high voltage (up to 300 kV) electrostatic devices and accessories (cables, switches, resistors, …)• pulsed (ms to s), high current (up to 40 kA, 100 A/mm2), thin water-cooled septum coils• ultra high vacuum (down to 10-12 mbar), precision mechanics, precision positioning systems, brazing/welding techniques, various metals, surface coating, ceramic insulators• electromagnetic field calculations, mechanical stress analyses, thermal/cooling considerations
typically high radiation levels
many different shapes/sizes
Methodology• Design, construction, operation & maintenance of cryogenic systems for accelerators and detectors» Design, construction, commissioning, operation and
maintenance of the cryogenic systems for CERN accelerators and detectors
» Operation, maintenance and upgrade of cryogenic test facilities
» Support for low-temperature developments & tests at the Central Cryogenic Laboratory
» Supply of cryogenic fluids on the CERN site » Consultancy & support in cryogenic design & cryogenic
instrumentation.
TE-CRG Mandate : Cryogenics 65 staff
Helium Refrigerators
1.8 K refrigeration units(up to 2.4 kW @ 1.8 K)
4.5 K Refrigerators(up to18 kW @ 4.5 K)
Cryogen Storage and distribution
GHe storage LN2 storage
Cryo-magnet Distribution line (QRL) Interconnection box
Vert
ical tr
an
sfer
line
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TE-EPC (Electrical Power Converters) group is responsible for design, procurement or construction, installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance of all:
Electrical Power Converters and static VAR compensators for the present and future accelerators, including experimental areas at CERN.
TE-EPC Mandate
66 staff
[2kA, 8V]
Soft-switching modular power converters
1-quadrant converters:- [13kA,18V] : 5*[3.25kA,18V]- [8kA,8V] : 5*[2kA,8V]- [6kA,8V] : 4*[2kA,8V]- [4kA,8V] : 3*[2kA,8V]
2009-2010: Last year(s) of operation for the PS rotating machine!
Fully static power converter Exchange of energy between capacitor banks and the magnets
First power test: Dec. 2009
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New PS 60 MW power system
PULSETRANSFORMER
(OIL TANK)
Main solid stateswitches
A1
C
KF
1:10
Ca
pa
cit
or
ba
nk
ch
arg
er
po
we
r c
on
ve
rte
r, P
S1
Anode powerconverter, PS3
A - Anode;C - Collector;K - Cathode;F - Filament
Filament powerconverter, PS4
Vout
Droop compensation powerconverter or “bouncer”, PS2
0.1mF
Capacitordischarge
system
VPS1
VPS2
12 kV max
-12
0 k
Vm
ax
KLYSTRON(OIL TANK)
DC
Hign FrequencyISOLATION
TRANSFORMER
DC
K1
PS1, PS3, PS4 - CommercialPS2 - CERN made
120 kV High voltage cables
120 kV High voltage connectors
DIODERECTIFIER
A
DRIVER DRIVER
Pulsed Klystron modulators for LINAC’s (ex. Linac 4)
• Characteristics :- output voltage : 100 kV- output current : 20 A- pulse length : 700 s- flat top stability : better than 1%- 2 Hz repetition rate
Load Voltage
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0.E+00 2.E-04 4.E-04 6.E-04 8.E-04 1.E-03 1.E-03
time (s)
Vk
(k
V)
Load Current
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
0.E+00 2.E-04 4.E-04 6.E-04 8.E-04 1.E-03 1.E-03
time (s)
Vk
(k
V) 700 µs
Beam passage
Peak power : 2 MW
- Total of SVC’s / filter inst.: 12- Rated voltage: 18 kV- Total surface: 14’000 m2
- Total value (prices 2007): 45 MCHF
- Total capacitive power: 550 Mvar (=17.6 kA @ 18 kV)
- For comparison:
CERN consumption 2008: 380 MVA peak
(=12.2 kA peak @ 18 kV)
SVC’s and harmonic filters at CERN (status 2009)
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• Design, construction and measurements of Superconducting and Normal conducting Magnets for the CERN accelerator complex.
• Design and construction of cryostats for magnets, SCRF cryomodules and other accelerator equipments.
• Support to operation of the accelerators for magnets, current leads, operation of the magnet and cryostat facilities.
• Development of associated technologies, namely superconductors, insulation and polymers, superconducting electrical devices and magnetic measurements for present and future accelerators.
TE- MSC Mandate: Magnets, Superconductors, Cryostats
94 staff
Superconductivity
T = 4.2 KLHC 400 tonnes of high quality NbTi (47%);Used in 1200 tonnes - 7000 km of Cu/NbTi cable; more than 20,000 measurements at 1.9 K
HTS applications
Present LHC application: Ag/Bi-2223Current : > 15 kA @ 50 KAssembly of short strips (< 50 cm)Rigid conductorSuperconductor expensive
New studies: LHC upgr. new application: MgB2Current : > 15 kA @ 20 KLength : > 60 mFlexible cableCheap SuperconductorFuture : development of >150 m cable 15 kA @ 60-80 K with Ybco
Electromagnetic and thermo-mechanical modeling
Magnet technology: high field in - so far – moderate size
Power test of magnets (1.9K – 13 kA)electronics and device for precise meas.
• Support LHC operation and maintain state-of-the art technology for magnet circuit protection and interlock systems for the present and future accelerators, magnet test facilities and CERN hosted experiments.– Responsibility for the electrical integrity of magnet circuits. – Coordination of the commissioning of the LHC magnet system (“Hardware Commissioning”) and magnet
circuit performance evaluation.– Coordination of the LHC machine protection systems and responsibility for its coherence and overall
performance. – Specific studies related to machine protection for topics that go across different systems.– Responsibility for the functional operation of DFBs, DSLs and their auxiliary equipment. – Responsibility for the electrical quality assurance (ELQA) during magnet interconnections and hardware
commissioning as well as for electrical diagnostics and interventions during operation.
– Responsibility for the magnet protection system and machine interlocks for the CERN accelerator complex, including design, construction and exploitation.
– To guarantee permanence of expertise, follow the state-of-the-art and to develop knowledge for design, construction and operation of failsafe and reliable electronics.
TE- MPE Mandate
Machine Protection and Electrical integrity27 staff
High current, radiation tolerant cold by-pass diodes for LHC main magnets.
High reliability cost effective 600 A energy extraction system.
Compact assembly of 13 kA circuit breakers and dump resistors capable of dissipating 700 MJ.
Electrical systems
Magnet
Power Converter
(Magnet +1)
Status info
Thermo-switches Water Flow meter,Red button…
Thermo-switches
@ 60°C
Power Permit
Warm magnet Interlock Controller
Beam Permit BIS interface
Technical network
Controls Config. DB
PVSS Operator Console
Warm Magnet Interlock system Protects resistive magnets overheating:collects inputs from thermo-switches, flow meters,…and gives the Power Permit,.
In addition: removes beam permit in case of powering failure.
Based on Safety PLC (F series from Siemens)
for fast dump request (few μS):
associated with
Fast Boolean processor
(FM 352 from Siemens)
Beam InterlocksProtects LHC from beam Operation: collects User Permit frominvolved systems (VAC, BLM, RF, Powering Interlocks, Experiments, etc… )
and therefore gives the Beam Permit, or triggers beam dump in case of failure.
Highly reliable (SIL3), Fast (few μS) and “monitorable”
User Interfaces
UserPermit
Beam Interlock Controllerembedded in VME chassis
copper cableUser System #1
Up to 14 User Systems
Beam Permit Loops (F.O.)
Technical network
Controls Config. DB
Operator Console(Java Application) Fibre Optics links between Controllers
~200 connections to User Systems
<< Home made design >> in using Programmable Logic devices from Xilinx: from “small” 288 macro-cells CPLD for the safety part to large* Spartan 3 FPGA for the monitoring part
(*) say 1,000,000 gates + all the built in RAM ,etc.
Optical board
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TE- VSC Mandate: Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings
Design, construction, operation, maintenance and upgrade of high & ultra-high vacuum systems for Accelerators and Detectors.• Expertise and support on thin-walled vacuum chambers, windows and
bellows compensation systems• Expertise in vacuum sealing and leak-tightness technology• Management of the industrial support contract for vacuum work in
accelerators• Expertise in vacuum control systems, vacuum interlocks and monitoring tools
Surfaces treatments, Coatings, surface and chemical analysis for Accelerators & Detectors. Expertise and support in the fields of:• Coatings, electroplating and surface cleaning techniques• UHV characterization and of material and surfaces• Degassing analysis and treatments
67 staff
Domains of ExpertiseVacuum Engineering for Accelerators
• Vacuum Engineering for Accelerators– Finite element calculations for thin-walled and cantilever structures in
Experimental Areas– Vacuum interconnection design optimized for High Order Modes (HOM) and
beam impedance for RT and cryogenic beam pipes– Advanced material for Detector’s beam pipes– Special supporting structures for Detectors (wires, low-Z supports, etc.)– Design of vacuum systems to prevent beam-induced high voltage breakdowns:
flanges, surface treatments and coatings
Domains of Expertise Coatings and Plasma Processing
• CERN-wide support and expertise to accelerators and detectors in the domain of thin film coatings– Thin film coating facilities with a special focus on physical deposition techniques:
evaporation, diode and magnetron sputtering• Complex shape and all types of materials including a-C and NEG coatings
– Specific techniques for plasma processing of surfaces, including plasma cleaning and glow discharge
• Removal of hydrocarbon contamination on Beryllium beam pipes using an oxygen discharge
– Expertise for numerical simulations of special cases of coatings, vacuum and plasmas
TPB deposition for WArP
Gold deposition for CAST
Domains of Expertise Chemical and Surface Analysis
• CERN-wide support and expertise to accelerators and detectors in the domains of:– Surface and chemical analysis– Expertise in radiation damage of polymeric materials– Outgassing analysis (metals and polymers) and degassing treatments– Permeation in polymers and metals– Gas analysis by chromatographic techniques
Outgassing of amorphous carbon films
Surface analysis: XPS-SIMS-AES
Radiation induced ageing
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Conclusion
TE-ABT: Electronics + controls (for kickers, septa, protection eqpt)
fast kicker timing and interlocks
application program for machine operators
“beam energy meter” card
• high precision fast pulsed timing, high-reliability triggering systems• analogue waveform acquisition and analysis, servo positioning systems, industrial slow controls• power electronics, power supplies for HV charging purposes, thyratron heating, electrostatic septa• equipment-level software, diagnostic tools, interface to main control system, spec. application SW
software for kicker waveform surveillance
energy tracking system for LHC dump
Cold turbo-machines
Cold Compressorsand Pumps
Turbo-expanders
Iref(RB_5TeV) = Iref(RQF_5TeV) = Iref(RQD_5TeV)
Global PM Event
Global PM Event
LHC tracking : Ramp of RB, QF, QD (RB function is copied to QF and QD)
High precision measurement system for large scale online diagnostics and protection of electrical interconnections.
Digital FPGA based radiation tolerant protection system for superconducting magnets.
Heater firing circuitsCB
L77 L78 L79 R79 L153 L15475 mΩ
PC
FWDCB
75 m ΩI
L1 L2 L76
Heater firing circuits
Design of protection systems for large superconducting magnet circuits.
Simplified scheme with individual by-pass diodes for one LHC-Sector.
Digital and analog electronics, design of protection systems
SVC BEQ2 (2002) for SPS
Insulation for cryogenic environment
Development of insulation very fine and capable of 20 kV with strong mechanical robustness;Covered 50 km of LHC cold bore tube
HV Tests on cylindrical geometriesIn addition to standard HV tests (DC and impulse test up to 140 kV) on materials and components, we perform HV tests on cylindrical geometries, as insulated tubes, with specifically designed electrodes.Used for testing the dielectric strength of ITER feeders and as a CERN wide service for example for HV testing ceramic coatings .
Development of new insulation with enhanced porosity for LHC upgrade
SMI2 180
SMA18
SM18
Pit in 181 bldg : prepared for MQ (vertical line)
MQs in 904, waiting to be repaired
Magnet Rescue
Dipoles from 3-4 in bldg 181
Normal Conducting Magnets : LINAC 4 projectType Installation Number
LE Solenoid LEBT 2
LE Corrector LEBT/MEBT 4
Quadrupole Linac 36
Corrector Linac / TL 14 + 5
TL Quadrupole TL 18
TL Bending (V + H) TL 4
BI Bending (V) Booster Inj. 1
LBS Bending Spectrometer Line 1
Transfer Line QuadrupoleCombined Corrector
In total 95 magnets of 8 types•Magnet work package defined•Design work started•First contracts beginning 2009
SSS: integrates key items
Vacuum barrier
Magnet helium
enclosure
LHC SHORT STRAI GHT SECTI ON
(technical service module side)
I nstrumentation connections outlet
Diode
Beam tubes
He phase separator
Thermal shield
Connection to cryogenic
distribution line
Cryogenic tubes &
pressure gauge connection
Vacuum vessel
• BPM and instrumentation feed-throughs• Resistive current leads for orbit corrector dipoles• Link to cryo distribution line• Cryogenic ancillaries and diagnostics (He phase separator, He level gauges, P transducers, ... ) • Vacuum Barriers• ...
SSS: complex in variants and assembly
Vaccum vessel components
Thermal shield components
Cold mass components
Jumper lines
Jumper elbowVacuum barrier
QQS Vac. Vessel
C' line
DCF
Bottom tray
Phase separator
Testing circuit
IFS
IFS cover flange
Connection tube
Line N
Vac. Vessel
Cold mass
Jumper thermal shield
QQS thermal shield
Standard section thermal shield
(main components only)
No.units
CM variants SSS variants
Arcs 360 40 61
DS 64 20 34
MS 50 27 41
Total 474 87 136
LHC, the push for energy: a gigantic magnet system
1500 tonnes of top quality SC cables
Bdip 8.3 T Rdip 3 kmLdip 15 m 1232Ltunnel = 27 km
15’000 MJ of magnetic energy
Type Number Function
MB 1232 Main dipolesMQ 392 Arc quadrupolesMBX/MBR 16 Separation & recombination dipolesMSCB 376 Combined chromaticity & closed orbit correctorsMCS 2464 Sextupole correctors for persistent currents at injectionMCDO 1232 Octupole/decapole correctors for persistent currents at
injectionMO 336 Landau damping octupolesMQT/MQTL 248 Tuning quadrupolesMCB 190 Orbit correction dipolesMQM 86 Dispersion suppressor & matching section quadrupolesMQY 24 Enlarged-aperture quadrupoles in insertionsMQX 32 Low-beta insertion quadrupoles
Domains of Expertise Vacuum Controls and Interlocks
• Vacuum Controls and Interlocks for Accelerators– Design and implementation of PLC based front-end electronics for pressure
and temperature acquisition and machine protection interlocks– Design and implementation of database (ORACLE) driven PVSS vacuum
supervision interfaces for accelerators– Validation of the vacuum electronic equipment installed in the accelerator
tunnel, which will be subjected to neutron, fast-particle and gamma radiation
Multiple beam shots
Hydrogen oscillation