1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy,...
-
date post
22-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
1
Transcript of 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy,...
![Page 1: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Surface O3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations
Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William MungerYuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William MungerSchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard UniversitySchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University
Jiming Hao, Hong Ma, Yaosheng ChenJiming Hao, Hong Ma, Yaosheng Chen Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaTsinghua University, Beijing, China
GC 3rd Users Meeting, April 15, 2007
![Page 2: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2http://www.fallingrain.com/world/CH/22/Miyun.html
Beijing
Miyun Station
![Page 3: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Overview of Miyun Station
1.1. Established by the China Project; started Established by the China Project; started in Nov 2004, continuously to datein Nov 2004, continuously to date
2.2. Miyun (Miyun (40.3N, 116.8E40.3N, 116.8E): Location chosen to ): Location chosen to observe both clean continental air and observe both clean continental air and pollution in the Beijng plumepollution in the Beijng plume
3.3. Directly observe trace-gas covariances Directly observe trace-gas covariances near the source; near the source;
4.4. Species measured: CO, OSpecies measured: CO, O33, CO, CO2 2 ((NONOxx, , NONOyy, SO, SO22))
5.5. Data used here: 30-min averages Data used here: 30-min averages prepared by J.W. Mungerprepared by J.W. Munger
![Page 4: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Sometimes It’s Clear
Courtesy of Bill Munger
![Page 5: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Mean Flow Patterns at the surface
East Asian Monsoon
Jan July
![Page 6: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Seasonal variations of other factors
Qiu et al., Atmos. Environ., 2000
Beijing AOD (1984-1994)
AOD
Model sulfate AOD peaks in July (0.5)
Precipitation
obs
model
![Page 7: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
O3 observations: monthly statistics
• distributions of O3 skewed toward high values in summer months
• O3 peak in early summer and early fall
• Summertime ozone pollution
daytimedaytime O3
80ppbv
Legend
variations in summer
![Page 8: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Seasonality of Ozone at Lin An
Wang et al., 2002
obs: daytime mean (1999-2000)
model
![Page 9: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
CO observations : monthly statistics
• small seasonality in CO• distributions of CO close to bimodal: clean continental air clean continental air and local pollutionand local pollution
Legenddaytime CO
variations in summer
>3ppm CO!
![Page 10: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
GEOS-Chem Model Set-up
GEOS-4 global simulation; 2GEOS-4 global simulation; 2o o x 2.5x 2.5oo resolution; version 7-04-09resolution; version 7-04-09
Updated Chinese emissions of CO and Updated Chinese emissions of CO and NONOxx with monthly variability with monthly variability
Simulation period: Nov 2004 – Dec Simulation period: Nov 2004 – Dec 2006. Focus on 20062006. Focus on 2006
1-hr model outputs sampled by 1-hr model outputs sampled by observations. observations.
![Page 11: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Chinese emissions of CO and NOx
NOx (2004) CO (2001)
Zhang, Streets, et al., 2007
China total: 17.8 TgNO2 (up from 11.3 for TRACE-P)
Streets, et al., 2006
China total: 146 Tg/yr (up from 100)
![Page 12: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Monthly variations in Chinese emissions
0.040
0.060
0.080
0.100
0.120
0.140
0.160
0.180
0.200
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
All SourcesPowerIndustryHeating & Residential
NOx
(1.3: 1)
Zhang, Streets, et al., 2007
CO (1.5:1)
heating and residential
Seasonality not yet in the standard model
![Page 13: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Soil NOx emissions
Wang et al., 2007
a priori soil
a posteriori soil
• derived from 3-year GOME observations over east China • a posteriori 0.85 TgN/yr vs a priori 0.24 TgN/yr• peak in summer, significant in spring and fall
![Page 14: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Simulated Seasonal Variations (O3)
• model captures the overall seasonal patterns
• model fails to simulate the decrease of O3 in July
• model cannot reproduce very high ozone levels
Afternoon
model
model high bias in
summer
![Page 15: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Simulated Seasonal Variations (CO)
• model tends to underestimate mean CO concentrations• model captures the overall seasonal patterns
model
![Page 16: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
CO-O3 relationship
Parrish et al., 1998
Miyun
• O3/CO ratio is much lower at Miyun
• seasonal variability are generally consistent between the two sites
Sable Island
small correlation in July
![Page 17: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Average diurnal pattern of summertime ozone
obs June
obs July
Model July
very low ozone in the afternoon!
(< 20 ppb!)
not captured by model!
![Page 18: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Low Ozone Events in July
obs model
9-10
18 24-2621 28
61
rain or thunderstorm!
![Page 19: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Flow patterns between June and July
JulyJune
![Page 20: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
frequency distribution of CO
O3 levels as a function of CO
R.H. as a function of CO
June
July
June
July
June
July
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 4000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 4000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 4000
O3
RH
<200ppb
![Page 21: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
July CO-O3 Relationship
model
Sensitivity: increase cloud optical depth
Impact of precipitation and Impact of precipitation and cloudiness on local ozone cloudiness on local ozone production!production!
![Page 22: 1 Surface O 3 over Beijing: Constraints from New Surface Observations Yuxuan Wang, Mike B. McElroy, J. William Munger School of Engineering and Applied.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649d795503460f94a5d685/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Summary Observations reveal seasonal variations in OObservations reveal seasonal variations in O3, 3, CO, CO,
and their correlations in north China regionand their correlations in north China region
Model capture the general characteristics in Model capture the general characteristics in observations of CO and Oobservations of CO and O33
Major discrepancies in the modelMajor discrepancies in the model: : Underestimate CO concentrationsUnderestimate CO concentrations Not able to represent small-scale dynamics (in Not able to represent small-scale dynamics (in
transition seasons)transition seasons) Not able to capture low-ozone events in July, likely Not able to capture low-ozone events in July, likely
due to underestimate of cloudinessdue to underestimate of cloudiness still work in progress….still work in progress….
Need for a finer-resolution model -- nested-grid Need for a finer-resolution model -- nested-grid capability in GEOS-5capability in GEOS-5