Stake out building line

3. Fix Stake – out building lines

Module Title Preparing Building LinesNominal Duration : 4 hrs

LEANING OUTCOMES:

UPON THE COMPLETION OF THIS MODULE , THE PARTICIPANTS WILL BE ABLE TO:

1. Prepare Materials for Stake – out building lines

2. Set Batter boards

2”x 2” x 12’ lumber, ¼ kg. 2 ½ CW nails ,

2 kgs . 4” CW nails

SESSION-1

PREPARE MATERIALS FOR STAKE –OUT BUILDING LINES

Time : 4 hours

OBJECTIVE:

At the end of the session , the participants will be able to erect batter board based on plans and properly level.

Hose level , Spirit level, Saw , Sledge hammer, Claw hammer, Steel tape , Plot plan, Framing square

Materials Supplies :

Tools and Equipment :

1. Carefully study the plot plan

2. Measure approximate position of the structure based on and

established reference Point or property line.

NOTE : Mark property lines with string line after locating surveyor’s pins.

3. Prepare needs stakes, braces, ledger boards

by cutting to size.

4. Establish reference point or reference line.

5. Mark approximate location of the structure

with making stake and string lines.

6. Begin staking for batter boards.

7. Establish the elevation or reference level of the batter boards.

8. Fasten batter boards to stakes.

9. Secure stakes from movements by bracing.

10. Have your work checked before doing the next task.

STEPS

 

1. Site Plan – building orientation, north arrow , development plan.

 

2. Architectural- floor plan , elevations perspective, sections, schedule of doors and window

 

3. Structural - foundation plan , footing details and sections, column and beam details ,

trusses or roof details.

 

4. Electrical – electrical plan , riser or schematic diagram, schedule of loads, computations, Symbols and notes.

 

5. Plumbing – plumbing plan , isometric lay – out septic tank detail, symbols and notes

CONTENTS:

A . Plot plan

 

1. Location, dimensions, and elevation

of structure on site

 

2. Finished and existing grade contours

Tree

3. Property lines and dimensions

 

4. Location of utilities

 

5. Location of exiting conditions

Examples : Trees, utility building ,

other structures

 

6. Location and dimensions of driveways

and walks

Information Found on Types of Drawing in a Set of plans

 1. Location and dimensions of footing,

grade beams, foundation walls, stem wall, piers, equipment footing s, foundation

2. Location of anchor ( in detail view)

B. Foundation plan

1. Outside walls, including location and dimensions of all exterior opening2. Types of construction materials 3. Location of interior walls and partitions 4. Location and swing of doors 5. Stairways 6. Location of cabinets, electrical and mechanical equipment, fixtures 7.Location of cutting plane line  

C. Floor plan

1. Grade lines

2. Floor height

3. Window and door types

4. Roof lines and Slope, roofing material,

vents, gravel stops, projection of eaves

5. Exteriors finish materials and trim

6. Exterior dimensions

D. Elevation

OBJECTIVES:  At the end of this session the participants shall have to acquire the basic knowledge on: 1. Erecting batter boards 2. Locating building lines 3. Locating Foundation lines Time : 4 hours

SESSION 2 -Set batter boards

 Standard : Batter boards must be erected based on plans and secured with tolerances for dimensions at ± 5mm, and levelness of ± 3 mm

Tools and Equipment

2”x 2” x 12’ lumber, ¼ kg. 2 ½ CW nails ,

2 kgs . 4” CW nails

Hose level , Spirit level, Saw , Sledge hammer, Claw hammer, Steel tape , Plot plan, Framing square

Materials Supplies :

Tools and Equipment :

1. Carefully study the plot plan.

2. Measure approximate position of the structure

based on an established reference point or

property line.

Note : Mark property lines with string line after locating

surveyor’s pins.

3. Prepare needed stakes, braces, ledger boards

by cutting to size.

4. Establish reference point or reference line.

5. Mark approximate location of structure with

making stake and string lines

B. Foundation plan

6. Begin Staking for boards

7. Establish the elevation or reference level of the batter boards.

8. Fasten batter boards to stakes.

9. Secure Stakes from movements by bracing.

10. Have your work checked before doing the next task.

 

I. Set batter boards at one corner as at right

2. Fill with water until water level is at top of batter board

3. Mark water level at opposite end and set board mark.

SET BATTER BOARDS AT SAME ELEVATION

1. Put up batter boards at corners 2. Outside edges of building 3. Carpenter’s square may be

used in laying out approximate corners

4. Make length of wall to fit concrete masonry until I block and I Vertical Joint equal

5.When length a equal is length B the corners are square when Opposite sides are equal.

 

Lay out building first

A. Batter board – Temporary framework on which to stretch a line to assist in locating corners and building lines when laying out a building.

B. Building permit – Agreement between builder and city that specifies the types ,Quality, and extent of construction on structure to be erected .

C . Easement – A vested or acquired right to use land , other than as a tenant , for a Specific purpose ; such right being held by someone other than the owner who Holds the title to the land.

Lay-out is sometimes called: Staking Out” which means the process of relocating the point of boundaries and property line of the site where the building is to be constructed . it include clearing , staking, batter boards and establishing the exact location of the building foundation and wall line on the ground . for short others define layout as the process of transferring the building plan measurements to the ground of site.

SESSION 3 -Fix stake – out building

A. Batter board – Temporary framework on which to stretch a line to assist in locating corners and building lines when laying out a building.

B. Building permit – Agreement between builder and city that specifies the types ,Quality, and extent of construction on structure to be erected.

C. Easement – A vested or acquired right to use land , other than as a tenant, for a Specific purpose ; such right being held by someone other than the owner who Holds the title to the land.

D. Excavating – Removing soil for footing or establishing a uniform grade

E. Kerfs – Slight indentation made with a saw ; used to hold line in place

F. Ledger board – Top Horizontal board on batter –board framework

G. Plot plan - Drawing used to show location and size of structure ( S ), driveways, Side walk, patios, property lines, utilities, and existing conditions.

H. Plumb bob - Tool or device attached to a string; used to set or check plumb or Perpendicular of a surface.

I. Plumb down- to plumb from a given point down to point below.

J. Property lines- Boundaries of a lot or plot of ground

K. Setback line - Line established by law, fixing exterior face of structure a minimum Distance from right –of way or property line.

L. Surveying–Art or science or determining the area and configuration of portions of The earth’s surface.

A. Benchmark (BM)- Permanent point of know or assumed elevation

(NOTE: A specific point on a curb, culvert, or other Permanent object is Sometimes used.)

B. Elevation- Given grade

C . Grade line- Proposed or future level of the ground around structure.

 D. Grade stake - Stake driven into ground, usually with top

establishing finished Level of the ground or concrete at that point.

(NOTE: Grade for the stake is read from the benchmark.) 

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS PERTAINING TO GRADES

AND LEVELING INSTRUMENTS

A. Local regulations and covenants (zoning and restrictions)

Examples: Setback line; proximity to side property elevation , size, Shape , and proximity to surrounding building and areas.

 

B. Location of utilities

Examples : Electricity Sewers, gas, phone

 

C. Presence of existing trees and shrubs

D. Contour or shape of site

Examples : Flat , rolling , sloping

 

E. Characteristics of soil

 

F. Orientation of site

Examples : Relationship to other sites ; north,

east, south , and west boundaries; Wind direction; solar-utilization possibilities

A. Dimensions of property

 

B. Setback from curb

C. Setback from sidewalk

 

D. Setback from Property lines

 

E. Distance from side boundaries

 

F. Distance from rear property line

G. Location and dimensions of easement (s)

 

H. Dimensions ( length and width )

of building

 

I. Orientation of building on lot

(square or diagonal)

 

J. Location of benchmark and grade

 

INFORMATION USED TO LAY OUT BUILDING LINES

To provide a place for stretching a line a lines used to establish building lines for excavation and construction.

(NOTE: Steel stakes are sometimes used in place of batter boards.) Common methods used to

square building lines A. 3-4-5 rule – Forming a right triangle using largest multiple of 3-4-5 possible for Length

of lines being squared, and ensuring that longest side of triangle is exact Appropriate multiple of 5

( NOTE: Any multiple of 3-4-5 may be used (i.e., 6-8-10, 12-16-20, 24-32-40depending on the size being checked.)

B . Diagonal method - measuring diagonally from inside corners of layout and Ensuring that diagonal lines are equal in length.

 

 

 

Purpose of batter boards