1. Site Management
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Transcript of 1. Site Management
CONSTRUCTIOCONSTRUCTION SITE N SITE
PLANNINGPLANNING
CONSTRUCTIOCONSTRUCTION SITE N SITE
PLANNINGPLANNING
The objective of this topic is to understand the importance of the site planning.
The focus of the learning is how achieve effective management through:
Effective Site Layout & Planning
Increase work productivity
Minimise conflicts and disputes
Complete the tasks on time
Avoid cost overrun
OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
All construction jobs can, from the site planning and organisation point of view, be classified into four main types:
i. Simple straightforward jobs with no complicationii. Jobs with difficult foundation problemsiii. Jobs which are complicated by the requirements of the
clients Phasing Completion dates Minimum noise level on site Working only at nights and weekends etc.
iv. Jobs with problems created by special forms or construction techniques
TYPE OF PROJECT TYPE OF PROJECT SITESSITES
How the construction site should be planned and organised depends upon:- Type of contract- Nature of the construction site- Type of building/structure to be constructed- Construction period allowed
Special attention must be given to those parts of the job which require more emphasis on more accurate analysis
TYPE OF PROJECT TYPE OF PROJECT SITESSITES
Features of the construction process:• Complex undertaking involving literally
hundreds of different operations• Each project is unique in its own way and no two
project sites are even quite alike• Subject to the influence of highly variable and
unpredictable factors• To translate the drawings and erect the
structure on specific location and within the time stipulated
• It begins from the first day of the job being awarded
NATURE OF NATURE OF CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION
PROJECTPROJECT
The main personnel in the Contractor’s site organisation: Project Manager Construction manager Site Manager
Why?.... because:
They possess the first hand information relevant for the construction management decision-making.
They operate at the sharp end of the construction process
Their awareness and understanding is crucial for the determination of the construction methods and work environment
They significantly contribute towards making the process of construction and organisation of job better
THE PARTIES INVOLVEDTHE PARTIES INVOLVED
The key questions/data (checklist) required are:
What the operations that have to be done?What facilities in the way of plant and equipment will be
required to do these operation? In what sequence must the operations be carried out?What is the time and rate at which these operations are
likely to be performed?The probable duration of each operation?What are the resources required?
SITE PLANNING SITE PLANNING AND ORGANISATIONAND ORGANISATION
Decision on utilisation of plant and machineries: Plant is an important item in the construction workHeavy plant is expensive and new plant represents a considerable capital outlayIt is important to know what plant will be required, and for how long
SITE PLANNING AND SITE PLANNING AND ORGANISATIONORGANISATION
Decision on: Human resource allocation and assignment of tasksDistribution and storage of materialsPositioning of temporary building, yards and utility services
SITE PLANNING AND SITE PLANNING AND ORGANISATIONORGANISATION
SITE SUPERVISOR’S ROLE
Check all drawings, details and specification Detailed and realistic construction program Selecting the construction method, sequence of erection,
type of plant and equipment required Setting out and leveling Evaluate the construction process Operation and maintenance of plant and equipment on site Efficient site layout to position all the temporary building/
yards and ensure smooth running of the transportation and movement
Keeping full detailed job dairy Compliance with all the safety regulation and
environmental control requirement Storage of incoming materials and control of goods
dispatch for construction
SITE ORGANISATION AND SETTING SITE ORGANISATION AND SETTING OUT FOR CONSTRUCTIONOUT FOR CONSTRUCTION
Is the process of employing surveying instruments and techniques to transfer the information from the drawings to the ground
Three elements involved to the tasks:To ensure that the new works are in the correct place - Horizontal control To ensure they are at the correct level - Vertical control To ensure that the multi-story or underground construction is plumbed - Vertical alignment
SETTING OUT FOR SETTING OUT FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKCONSTRUCTION WORK
SETTING OUT DOCUMENT AND DATA Site plans Block plans
-Indicating the required set-back from the boundary or the neighboring structures
Detailed drawings Other : specification, schedules, survey data Specification – may contain setting out information like:
- Thickness of foundation – pads, pile caps etc- Depth of slabs- Heights and invert levels of manholes etc.
SETTING OUT FOR SETTING OUT FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKCONSTRUCTION WORK
SEQUENCE OF SETTING OUT
Examine and inspect the document/ survey plan/ drawings
Conduct an inspection on the site condition Check the temporary bench marks Check the proposed structure if it fits on the site as
shown on the drawings All the individual measurements should be totaled and
check against the overall measurement Check the gradients against actual levels shown Compute all the calculations before physical works
commence. E.G. Determination of reduced levels Once the plan’s dimensions are verified, check the
height by transfer from temporary or permanent bench marks
The profiles being set up must be outside and parallel to the proposed structure
SETTING OUT FOR SETTING OUT FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKCONSTRUCTION WORK
For efficient setting out:
AccuracyTimelinessClarity
SETTING OUT FOR SETTING OUT FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKCONSTRUCTION WORK
Clause 5.1 of the PAM CONTRACT 2006 Forms, Architect’s responsibility are:
To determine any level of the site required for the execution of the works
To provide the contractor with information necessary to enable him to set the works out at ground level
The information thus given must be in the form of accurately dimensioned drawings
SETTING OUT FOR SETTING OUT FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKCONSTRUCTION WORK
Clause 12.1 in CIDB Standard Form Of Contract For Building Works:
‘The SO shall be responsible to provide the original reference points, lines and levels necessary for the Contractor to set out the Works at ground level’
( Clause 12.1(a))
SETTING OUT FOR SETTING OUT FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKCONSTRUCTION WORK
INACCURATE SETTING OUT
• The contractor shall be responsible for any error arising from his own inaccurate setting out
• The contractor shall entirely at his own cost to amend the error made
• Architect/ S.O. may at his discretion to accept the errors without amendment subject to such reduction in the contract sum or no major effects on the scope of works
• This must take into consideration of any loss of value suffered by the employer
SETTING OUT FOR SETTING OUT FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKCONSTRUCTION WORK
1. Working space
2. Storage areas
3. Access and circulation space
4. Surrounding environment
FACTORS AFFECTING FACTORS AFFECTING SITE PREPARATION SITE PREPARATION
Storage areas:
Providing of storage space is the responsibility of the main contractor
FACTORS AFFECTING FACTORS AFFECTING SITE PREPARATION SITE PREPARATION
Categories of storage: Tools and equipment Spare parts for mechanical plant Raw materials –
Cement Aggregate Steel bars etc.
Manufactured items- Joinery Sanitary wares ironmongery
FACTORS AFFECTING FACTORS AFFECTING SITE PREPARATION SITE PREPARATION
Various factors affecting storage: Location of materials in relation to
position of jobs Completed building Timbers and steel bars – how to stack
them?
FACTORS AFFECTING FACTORS AFFECTING SITE PREPARATION SITE PREPARATION
Construction site access and traffic control
Remove surplus excavated materials from site Housing scheme
Excavation to formation level Excavation to form building platform
Bring in materials throughout most of the period of construction
FACTORS AFFECTING FACTORS AFFECTING SITE PREPARATION SITE PREPARATION
Problem: constant flow of traffic at different points on site
Solution: forward planning by:› Study site plan – nature and volume of
excavation› Methods to excavate and cart away› How to bring in equipment› Examine if other operations would be
affected by your decision
FACTORS AFFECTING FACTORS AFFECTING SITE PREPARATION SITE PREPARATION
Decision on:Traffic routes on and off site
No danger to others and traffic
Deep excavation Bridges, ramp required or not and type
FACTORS AFFECTING SITE FACTORS AFFECTING SITE PLANNINGPLANNING
Laying of sub-base of roadsWhether at start of the project or after the
building is completed This is for contract with roads
Contract without roads Whether to build temporary road or not
Depend on type and nature of ground Types of materials used: crusher run, aggregates,
mining ballast, planking
SITE PREPATION AND SITE PREPATION AND CONTROLCONTROL
Control over all vehicles:Provides sign postingProvides checking points
SITE PREPATION AND SITE PREPATION AND CONTROLCONTROL
Storage areas:Avoid wastage:-
Minimum double handling of materials Protect from weather No carelessness Stacking all the materials at the specified
areas Avoid theft Vandalism Accidental damages
EFFECT OF LAYOUT TO EFFECT OF LAYOUT TO PROJECT PROFITABILITY PROJECT PROFITABILITY
Allocation of plant and machineries:Avoid being left idle on site and non-
productive work:-Maximise the usage of the plant and
equipment available on site for:Excavation purposesLifting materials purposesTransportation purposes etc.
EFFECT OF LAYOUT TO EFFECT OF LAYOUT TO PROJECT PROFITABILITY PROJECT PROFITABILITY
Benefits:It provides for utilisation of labour, plant and
materials, resulting in a faster programme of operations at reduced cost
Management is able to relate what has been done what should have been done Examine the reasons for correcting any
shortfalls
Idle and non-productive time is eliminated
EFFECTIVE SITE LAYOUT AND EFFECTIVE SITE LAYOUT AND PLANNINGPLANNING
The movement of labour force, plant, components and materials
Accommodation for personnel - both welfare and working accommodation, the storage areas
Work activities such as steel/ formwork fabrication yard, concrete patching plant
Site access for various sizes of vehicles The control of work activity The location of the heavy plant such as tower
crane, hoist
EFFECT OF SITE LAYOUT TO WORK EFFECT OF SITE LAYOUT TO WORK OPERATON EFFICIENCY – DEVELOP OPERATON EFFICIENCY – DEVELOP
AROUND AROUND
CRITERIA FOR GOOD LAYOUT
Must facilitate supervision Minimum handling Minimum distance travel Maximum accessibility Maximum flexibility Minimum coordination Visible routes Good condition for working Maximum visibility
After reviewing the lists of considerations, the layout of these facilities should be drawn into a site plot plan and analysed for potential problems.
SITE LAYOUTSITE LAYOUT
IN PLANNING FOR SITE LAYOUT, TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION OF PUBLIC NUISANCE
Excessive noise Excessive dust in the atmosphere Dirt on the public roads Silting to the public drains Obstruction on the public roads
ACTION Put up screens Wet the area Labourer to clean the dirt immediately Locate the noisy plant away from the building
(where a hospital is nearby)
SITE LAYOUTSITE LAYOUT
Material stack wrongly locatedPlant and equipment wrongly locatedInadequate space allowedSite huts wrongly located in relation to their
effective use and convenience
COMMON PROBLEMS IN POOR COMMON PROBLEMS IN POOR SITE LAYOUTSITE LAYOUT
A badly organised construction site could easily allow:Accident to occurexposure to building materials which would
cause health hazard
EFFECTS OF SITE LAYOUT TO EFFECTS OF SITE LAYOUT TO SITE SAFETY & HEALTHSITE SAFETY & HEALTH
Careful planning on the erection of the hoarding and fencing in necessaryTo achieve the required service from
them at minimum cost
Hoarding have to be erected in the position as stated in the application for approval
EFFECTS OF SITE LAYOUT TO EFFECTS OF SITE LAYOUT TO SITE SECURITYSITE SECURITY
In selecting the method and materials for the fencing for the site, factors to be considered:The duration of the need for a hoardingThe need to present a good image on cityThe risk to the publicThe restriction on site production
EFFECTS OF SITE LAYOUT TO EFFECTS OF SITE LAYOUT TO SITE SECURITYSITE SECURITY
To avoid theft and accidents, sufficient provision to be considered in the followings when planning the site layout:Location of the watchman checking pointsPositioning of the site lighting Proper storage and lock-up system for all the
goods on siteLocation of dump site – stolen goods hidden
under the spoil
EFFECTS OF SITE LAYOUT TO EFFECTS OF SITE LAYOUT TO SITE SECURITYSITE SECURITY
1. Poor coordination of work operationAd-hoc basis in site operation arrangementWork operations assigned were not followed up
2. Inexperience in site planning and organisation skillsNot be able to identify the likely problems appear
on site3. Lack of knowledge on construction techniques and
management skills
COMMON PROBLEMS IN COMMON PROBLEMS IN MANAGING AND MAINTAINING MANAGING AND MAINTAINING
CONSTRUCTION SITESCONSTRUCTION SITES
(exercise)(exercise)
4. Insensitive and misinterpretation of the work programme and the contract as a whole
5. Work attitude – passive manner in managing the sitePoor leadershipDo not know how to delegate the duties and
tasksDare not make decisionsPushing away responsibilities - Good in finding
faults of othersNot committed to the job assigned
COMMON PROBLEMS IN COMMON PROBLEMS IN MANAGING AND MAINTAINING MANAGING AND MAINTAINING
CONSTRUCTION SITESCONSTRUCTION SITES
6. Lack of problems solving skills and knowledgeCould not be able to provide remedial action to
be taken in the case of urgency
7. Short fall on communication and net-working skill with piers, subordinates and others personnel on site
COMMON PROBLEMS IN COMMON PROBLEMS IN MANAGING AND MAINTAINING MANAGING AND MAINTAINING
CONSTRUCTION SITESCONSTRUCTION SITES
PROCEDURES PROCEDURES
TO BE TAKEN TO BE TAKEN
AT THE BEGINNING AT THE BEGINNING
OF CONSTRUCTION WORKSOF CONSTRUCTION WORKS
PROCEDURES PROCEDURES
TO BE TAKEN TO BE TAKEN
AT THE BEGINNING AT THE BEGINNING
OF CONSTRUCTION WORKSOF CONSTRUCTION WORKS
Check boundary peg, building block peg and orientation of building
Check temporary bench markCheck existing earthwork levelCheck proposed building platform levelStudy the Tender document thoroughly especially
on items in preliminaries, specifications and bills of quantities against construction drawings - to list out all changes and discrepancies
SITE POSSESSIONSITE POSSESSION
Plan for Site LayoutLocation of site officeLocation of workers quarterLocation of store for materials & equipmentBar-bending areaCarpentry areaStacking area for sand, aggregates etc.Location of plant & machineryLocation of temporary toiletLocation of project sign board & safety signLocation of dumping ground
SITE POSSESSIONSITE POSSESSION
Plan for Site OrganisationPrepare the Project Quality Plan (inclusive of
works programme, project details, list of Consultants/sub-contractors), procedures, standard forms and checklists
Organise the Project Management teamAppointment of sub-contractors/ suppliersPrepare plant deployment schedule with the
sub-contractor
SITE POSSESSIONSITE POSSESSION
List out the materials and tools to be purchased for construction. Check with sub-contractor whenever necessary
Check for source of water & electricityApply for:-
temporary water supplytemporary electricity supplytelephone/ fax line
Request for:-approved layout planconsultant’s letter
SITE POSSESSIONSITE POSSESSION
Apply permit for:-temporary building24 hours work (if any)removal earth or Import earth to sitestoring building materialsheavy plant
vertical hoist, tower crane etcany permit required for ingress/ exgress of site
Prepare complete set of earthwork/ engineering/ architecture/ M&E drawings for:-site office 1 sethead office 1 setbuilding sub-contractor 2 setservices/ specialist sub-contractor 1 set
SITE POSSESSIONSITE POSSESSION
To displace signboards at prominent areas for:-No trespasserSafety precautionSite officeOther signboards deemed necessary
Fence up the compound or construct hoardings as required
Construction of temporary buildings:-site officeworkers’ quarterstoretemporary toilet
Organise and get the site staff, sub-contractors, machinery/ equipment and site office ready
WORK COMMENCEMENTWORK COMMENCEMENT
Arrange ‘Kick-Off’ meeting with the full project management team and sub-contractors
Agenda included:-scope of workworks programmeappointment of sub-contractorsissuance of drawings to sub-contractorsbriefing on procedures & submission of reportsdefine the duties & responsibility of each party/
personmission statement
Confirm site meeting schedule with sub-contractors
WORK COMMENCEMENTWORK COMMENCEMENT
Confirm the procedures for purchase of materials, issuance of site instructions, communication system and construction process
Confirm rubbish dumping areaEngage security guard and provide him with a torch
light an other facilities requiredProvide complete set of First Aid in the site officeArrange for maintenance of the access road. If
needed
WORK COMMENCEMENTWORK COMMENCEMENT
Get ready all relevant forms/ reports:
daily reportsummary weekly reportsfortnightly planning reportsweekly site meeting reportsother special forms for recording of piling,
load testing etc.
WORK COMMENCEMENTWORK COMMENCEMENT
“Do the right thing at the start when the job was awarded”
Select a team of experienced site personnel in their respective work competency who are committed to the task
Delegate the task to someone to work on the operations programme as well as monitoring the progress, report immediately to the superior for decision
COMMON PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES COMMON PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES IN MANAGING AND MAINTAINING IN MANAGING AND MAINTAINING
CONSTRUCTION SITE CONSTRUCTION SITE
Take the task on site organisation and planning seriously:
All the sub-contractors’ personnel should be briefed on the site requirements and the expectation from them during the construction duration
Always maintain efficient flow for site traffic, keep tidiness and pre-planning on storing items delivered to site
COMMON PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES COMMON PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES IN MANAGING AND MAINTAINING IN MANAGING AND MAINTAINING
CONSTRUCTION SITE CONSTRUCTION SITE
Meeting at regular basis to discuss issues relating to:Task – problems, job delay, materials
selection etc.Information and decision requirement with
The sub-contractorsMonitoring the progress of works
The traders/ suppliersMonitoring the materials supply and
delivery schedule
COMMON PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES COMMON PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES IN MANAGING AND MAINTAINING IN MANAGING AND MAINTAINING
CONSTRUCTION SITE CONSTRUCTION SITE
Design an effective communication networkInformation and data must be transparent to all
levels at the site to enable the works being carried out accurately
Any error made due to withholding the information definitely will lead to delay of works and incurring extra cost
Training for the site personnelChange of working attitudeImprove communication and management skillsProjecting Corporate culture
COMMON PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES COMMON PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES IN MANAGING AND MAINTAINING IN MANAGING AND MAINTAINING
CONSTRUCTION SITE CONSTRUCTION SITE