1

Run Dry in Container HandlingRun Dry in Container Handling

2

Run DryRun Dry

• Functions of lubrication• Reduce friction• Even relatively instable containers will slide• Extended wear life of chains and components• Reduce energy consumption• Keep friction etc. at constant level• Debris is either repelled or washed down• System stayes relatively clean• Reduce the noise• No static charges are being built up

3

PET- run dryPET- run dry

• Customer asks for a dry system

• Question:

1. Do conveyors need to be dry?

or

2. Can lubrication not be tolerated?

4

1. Conveyors need to be dry1. Conveyors need to be dry

• Solution: use plastic chains with dry lubrication• Advantage:

• System is ‘dry’, some systems use as little as 10 L lubricant per line per year!!

• System is lubricated so friction is reduced with all advantages resulting from that

• Note: dry lubrication is not ‘ripe’ yet, supplier must take responsibility and give performance guarantees!!

5

1. Conveyors need to be dry1. Conveyors need to be dry

Plastic chains lubricated with silicon based spray

6

2. Lubrication cannot be tolerated2. Lubrication cannot be tolerated

• Success depends on many factors:

• Container stability

• Friction between chain and container

• Speed

• Lay-out

• Other parameters

7

Container StabilityContainer Stability

• Formula: calculate critical friction coeff.: Fc = R/HS

• R=Radius container base• HS=Height center of gravity

• Example: stella bottle

• Fc=R/H=24/100=0,24

8

Container StabilityContainer Stability

R/HS > Fw => sliding R/HS < Fw => toppling

9

Stability of Petaloid BottlesStability of Petaloid Bottles

R becomes R1

With 5 feet: R1= cos36*R = 0,81*R

10

FrictionFriction

• Friction is influenced by:• Flatness of chain surface and gaps etc.• Pollution of the surface• Wear• Humidity• Quality of PET Preforms• Temperature

• Question: what friction coefficients can be used for calculations?

11

FrictionFriction

• Friction of PET on plastic chain based on practical experience (tolerance +/- 15%):

Friction PET on:  DRY Lubricated

XLG 0,2 0,15

HP 0,18 0,14

PS 0,16 0,14

12

PS is still the best material for PETPS is still the best material for PET

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

Cans Glass Paper PET

LF

HP™

PS™

Friction of PET on several Rex Materials without lubrication

13

Lay-OutLay-Out

• Critical are areas where:

• Bottles are accellerated or slowed down

• Conveyors are at an angle

• Bottles collide unsupported

• Chains are being polluted or occasionally get wet

• Curves (and the hinge) can heat up; UHMWPE has a

low PV-Limit!

14

Other ParametersOther Parameters

• Electro-static charges• Wear Life of chain• Wear resistance of chain• Dry-in of cleaning agent• How well remain the bottles their shape?• With empty bottles: aerodynamics• Friction, shape and contact-heigth of guide rails

15

References Real Run DryReferences Real Run Dry

• Successful with Rexnord chains• Fernbrook spring (water jugs), Milton, Canada• Coca Cola Londonderry, USA• Robinsons Softdrink, Norwich, UK

16

Other referencesOther references

• Customers who had been promised run dry but found out lubrication was required

• Volvic, France• Levissima, Italy• Acqua Vera, Italy• Coca Cola Wakefield, UK• Cott Beverage, UK• Vrumona, Holland• Coca Cola Grigny, France

17

ConclusionConclusion

• Under perfect conditions the decision to run PET without lube depends on:

• Bottle stability and friction on the chain• Rule of thumb:

• If bottle stability factor Fc < 0,17: Lubrication is necessary

• If bottle stability factor Fc > 0,25: run dry is possible

• 0,17 < Fc < 0,25: run dry can only be successful under strict conditions

18

Dry LubricationDry Lubrication

19

AgendaAgenda

• What is Dry Lubrication• Features and Score of All Lubrication Systems• Products on the Market• Experiences

20

What is Dry LubricationWhat is Dry Lubrication

• An automatic lubrication system with dosing units that put very little lubricant on selected places

• Lubricant can be water or oil based, with teflon or solid silicon micro-particles

• The most critical part is how the lubricant is distributed on the chain:

• Brushes• Shoes• Spray

• It can be applied also inside the curves

21

What is Dry LubricationWhat is Dry Lubrication

Dosing unit

22

What is Dry LubricationWhat is Dry Lubrication

Brush distribution system

23

What is Dry LubricationWhat is Dry Lubrication

Wear shoe distribution

24

What is Dry LubricationWhat is Dry Lubrication

Chain surface lubrication Under the chain lubrication

25

• Dry floors: no water, foam or slime on the floors, which is unsightly & causes accidents due to slipping

• No attack on equipment, bearings, motors and floor areas

• No slime or soap scum build up, on or under the conveyors

• Difficult-to-clean drip trays can be removed. Reduced hygiene schedules, bacteria problems and the smells associated with it

• No false through-out from bottle inspector due to foam on bottom

• No soapy mess in the labellers or packers resulting in no package damage

• No (wet) lube carry-over onto trays and foils, no mould growth and more stable pallets

• No ‘bacteriostatic’ lube in waste water system

Benefits (1)Benefits (1)

26

• Environmental• Water consumption is reduced• Reduction in lube used versus wet lube. • Effluent treatment is greatly reduced• Total breakdown of lube in the waste water system• Reduced power consumption with no increase in forces during bottle build back

conditions

• Equipments• Reduces the coefficient of friction to the wet lube standards so therefore reduces

wear and greatly extends the lifetime of conveyors and wear strips• Motors, drive shaft's, sprockets etc have benefited from large reductions in load

and back pressure

• Production• With virtually no falling bottles, production will benefit from less stoppages, a

better consistency of product and higher yields leading to increased line utilization and efficiencies

• Cleaner, safer and more efficient environment

Benefits (2)Benefits (2)

27

Features and Score of Lubrication SystemsFeatures and Score of Lubrication Systems

Run Dry Just Water Water&Soap Dry Lubricantreduces chain wear 0 1 3 4inhances product stability 0 1 3 4reduces energy consumption 0 1 3 3acts as a cleaner 0 1 4 2prevents bacteria growth 3 0 4 4is not sensitive to water hardness 4 0 2 4does not leave deposits 4 0 4 3does not need drip trays 4 0 0 4does not need distribution end dosing system 4 1 0 0is preventing static electricity build-up 0 4 4 3prevents powder build-up 0 4 4 3

19 13 31 34

28

Products on the MarketProducts on the Market

• CHP• They claim to be the inventor• Good installed base in EU• Use wear shoes to distribute lubricant• They use XLG chains as reference

• Interflon• Lubricant based on Teflon micro-particles• They were the first lubricant supplier of CHP• Use brushes to distribute lubricant

• Ecolab DryExx• Lubricant based on Silicone micro-particles• They have a contract with CCE in USA• Use spray to distribute lubricant• They show XLG chains as reference

• DryLube• Lubricant not based on Teflon, They sell the full service• They are based in UK, main customer base is there• They are certificated by CCE (UK)• Use brushes to distribute lubricant

• Diversey DryTech• Use spray to distribute lubricant

29

ExperiencesExperiences

• CHP in CC Antwerpen and SPA gave great results• DryExx is giving good results in CCE USA• DryLube gave good results in CCE UK• Diversey DryTech gave good results in Nestlè

Waters and CCE in France• All report excellent results with XLG acetal chains,

some reported bad results with NG

30

Water LubricationWater Lubrication

Recommendations and Troubleshooting

„Hard Water“

31

What is hard water?What is hard water?

• Hard water is a term for water which has high mineral content

• Mainly calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) carbonates and other metal ions

• All fresh water resources contain these minerals

• The quantities of the minerals vary – depending on the geographical region and the geological formation the water went through

32

Problems caused by hard waterProblems caused by hard water

• Hard water causes scaling

• Scale is caused by water evaporating and leaving behind the mineral deposits

• These deposits are also known as limescale

• Decreases the life of chain, sprockets, wearstrips etc.

• Deposit build up around the link and the pin – sandpaper effect

33

Problems caused by hard waterProblems caused by hard water

Scaling on pin and hinge

34

Levels of hard waterLevels of hard water

• Several different scales with different units

• Most common units are:• mg/l CaCO3 Eq. (Calcium carbonate equivalent)• Parts per million weight/volume (ppm w/v or ppm m/v)• °f (french degrees) >> 1 °f = 10 mg/l CaCO3 = 10 ppm

• Others:• mmol/l• 1 gr/U.S gal

35

Levels of hard waterLevels of hard water

• Description of hardness correspond roughly with ranges of mineral concentrations:• Soft: 0 - 20 mg/L CaCO3 Eq.• Moderately soft: 20 - 40 mg/L CaCO3 Eq. • Slightly hard: 40 - 60 mg/L CaCO3 Eq. • Moderately hard: 60 - 80 mg/L CaCO3 Eq. • Hard: 80 - 120 mg/L CaCO3 Eq. • Very Hard: >120 mg/L CaCO3 Eq.

• Behaviour of the hardness is also affected by • the precise mixture of minerals dissolved in the water• the water's acidity or alkalinity (pH)• temperature

• Accelerated wear problems are expected due to hard water when• the CaCO3 present is more than 250ppm (or higher than 20 French degrees)• and the pH is higher than 7. • >> elevated temperatures will also increase the crystal size

36

Prevent scaling on chain and conveyorPrevent scaling on chain and conveyor

1) Water softening

• Through so called „ion exchange units“

• Physical-chemical process which filters the water through

exchange media (e.g. resin with positevely charged sodium

ions)

• Relatively cheap, but the unit itself needs occasional

maintenance

37

Prevent scaling on chain and conveyorPrevent scaling on chain and conveyor

2) Water treatment

• Chemical process

• Additives (Chelating agents) mixed up to the lubricant water to

prevent mineral deposits

• Basically EDTA (Ethylene Diamene Tetracetic Acid) -

concentration based on hardness condition of the water

• Increases lubrication

• Consult Lubricant Supplier

• Longer chain life due to reduced friction, but can be costly

because of constantly need of chemical additive

38

Prevent scaling on chain and conveyorPrevent scaling on chain and conveyor

3) Soap lubricant

• Soap lubricant helps to keep the mineral deposits in

suspension

• Can be very efficient

• Depending on the water hardness

39

Running only with water?Running only with water?

+ Seems to be a good idea >> no lubricants means less process costs

+ Debris or spilled products are flushed away continously

- Very limited reduction of friction

- No reduction of bacterial growth

- Needs constant monitoring of mineral concentration

40

Running dry?Running dry?

+ Reduced / no lubrication – lower costs+ No slippery floors, no trouble with tough water pollution

regulations

• Rexnord has more than 20 years of experience in succesfully dry running applications with LF, HP and PS chains

• Specially formulated PS material• Higher PV Limit allows 50% higher speed• Optimized for PET – lowest friction available• Various combinations of factors affect each conveyor’s

ability to be run economically without lubrication or with reduced lubrication (see Run Dry section for details)

41

ConclusionConclusion

• Every plant is different as to the water used in their processes.

• Resolutions must be determined by contacting the water softener, lubricant supplier, or a specialized water treatment company.

• The final selection is generally based on cost, water quality, and owner or operator preference.