1 Review In what kind of environments are green algae found 2 Apply Concepts How is water essential...
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Transcript of 1 Review In what kind of environments are green algae found 2 Apply Concepts How is water essential...
1 Review In what kind of environments are green algae found
2 Apply Concepts How is water essential to the life cycle of a bryophyte
3 Review What function do vascular tissues allow Infer The size of plants increase dramatically with
the evolution of vascular tissue. How might these two events be related
Green Algae
“Green algae” are classified with plants “Algae” applies to any photosynthetic eukaryote
other than a land plant Found in fresh and salt water Absorb moisture and nutrients directly from their
surroundings.
Life Cycle of Chlamydomonas
Unfavorable conditions uses sexual reproduction Release gametes that fuse into a diploid zygote
(sporophyte) with thick protective wall.
Zygote begins to grow once conditions become favorable
Divides by meiosis to produce four haploid cells that swim away, mature, and reproduce asexually.
Bryophytes
Mosses, hornworts, and liverworts Specialized reproductive organs enclosed by other,
non-reproductive cells.
Mosses and Other Bryophytes
Waxy, protective coating that makes it possible for them to resist drying
Rhizoids Thin filaments that anchor them
to the soil Absorb water and minerals.
Why Bryophytes Are Small
Do not make lignin, a substance that hardens cell walls
Do not contain true vascular tissue.
Alternation of Generations
Gametophyte Dominant,
recognizable stage Carries out most of
the photosynthesis.
Gametophyte
Spore sprouts and grows into gametophyte Forms rhizoids that grow into ground and shoots
that grow into the air.
Gametes are formed in reproductive structures at the tips of the gametophytes
Archegonia- where eggs are produced Antheridia- where sperm are produced
Sporophyte grows out of the gametophyte and develops a long stalk ending in a capsule called the sporangium.
Vascular Plants
Contain vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) Enables vascular plants to move fluids through
their bodies against the force of gravity.
Xylem Carries water and minerals up from the roots
Phloem Carries sugar and carbohydrates from photosynthesis.
Seedless Vascular Plants
Club mosses, horsetails, and ferns True vascular tissues Strong roots Rhizomes Large leaves called fronds.
Sperm and eggs are produced in antheridia (sperm) and archegonia (egg)
Fertilization requires water.
Diploid zygote develops into a new sporophyte plant
Dominant stage Haploid spores develop on
the undersides of the fronds in sporangia.
Keeping Ferns in Check
Ferns often crowd out tree seedlings blocking efforts to regrow trees after logging.
To understand the fern better, scientists measured the number of viable spores per square centimeter of soil at various distances from existing ferns.
They counted spores in July as the ferns were just starting to grow and in November after spores had been released.
Graph the data from the table. Be sure to plot the data from July on one line and November on a second. Be sure the graph is fully labeled and oriented correctly.
1. Calculate What percentage of the spores after dispersal are found within 4 meters of the parent plants
2. Interpret Graphs Are spore numbers higher before or after dispersal- Explain
3. Draw Conclusions Would cutting down nearby clusters of ferns prevent ferns from invading patches of the forest that have just been cut for timber- explain your reasoning based on the data