1 Research and Development for the International Linear Collider presented by Marc Ross - for the...

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Research and Development for the International Linear Collider

presented by Marc Ross - for the ILC Project Managers:

Marc Ross - (Fermilab),

Nick Walker - (DESY),

Akira Yamamoto – (KEK)

Presentation for CSIC-CIEMAT 20 January 2009

Marc Ross, Fermilab 2

ILC – Background:

• traced back to:• e+/e- collider labs –

– where the linear collider was born:– BINP, SLAC, KEK, Cornell, DESY, …

• where cold SRF linac technology started

• Technology Reviewed (TRC); • Recommendation made (ITRP):

– 1995, 2002 and 2004– 0.5-1 TeV ILC: Superconducting Linacs

Look back: 2004 • International Technology Recommendation Panel

(ITRP) Report:– (released during LINAC 2004 Conference, Lubeck)

The superconducting technology has features, some of which follow from the low rf frequency, that the Panel considered attractive and that will facilitate the future design:

The large cavity aperture and long bunch interval simplify operations, reduce the sensitivity to ground motion, permit inter-bunch feedback, and may enable increased beam current.

The main linac and rf systems, the single largest technical cost elements, are of

comparatively lower risk.

The construction of the superconducting XFEL free electron laser will provide prototypes and test many aspects of the linac.

The industrialization of most major components of the linac is underway.

The use of superconducting cavities significantly reduces power consumption.

Basis of the ITRP decision; basis of our progress since then rests in large part on EU – XFEL project



International Linear Collider R & D

OUTLINE:

• Reference Design – a global effort• Critical R & D for Accelerator systems

(non SRF)• Critical R & D for Main Linac Technology• Project Preparation• Conclusion



ILC – Reference Design:

• six subsystems

Beam Delivery and Interaction Region

• ~3000 bunches; ~ each 3 nC e+ / e-; ~20 MW avg.



ILC R & D – Global effort

• ILC Reference Design (RD)– based on R & D in support of: TESLA, SBLC, JLC/NLC,

VLEPP, CLIC

• RD Report authored by 325 institutions (including physics/detectors)

• EU-XFEL a large scale demonstration



SRF Test Facilities

7

KEK, Japan

DESY

FNAL

TTF/FLASH~1 GeVILC-like beamILC RF unit(* lower gradient)

NML facilityUnder constructionfirst beam 2010ILC RF unit test

STF (phase I & II)Under constructionfirst beam 2011ILC RF unit test



(Non-SRF) Beam Test Facilities

8

KEK, Japan

Cornell

INFN Frascati

CesrTA (Cornell)electron cloudlow emittance DANE (INFN Frascati)

kicker developmentelectron cloud

ATF & ATF2 (KEK)ultra-low emittanceFinal Focus optics



GDE ILC Timeline and Mission

Reference Design Report (RDR)GDE process

TDP 2

LHC physics

2005 2006 2007 2008 20122009 2010 2011 2013

Ready for Project Submission

Tech. Design Phase (TDP) 1

9

Prepare a design and a plan that is completely ready to go - 2012.The request from the HEP community is clear (Brian Foster).Since the timeline is uncertain: focus on R & D for cost and risk reduction develop ties within the accelerator community to facilitate a global project



Resources:Basis: institutional and regional support for science ILC will

provide.Also: Support for science complements strong interest in

emerging technologies

ILC development effort utilizes:1. ILC project preparation-specific funding

• support for design and cost/risk reduction studies for the TDR

2. other project-specific funding (XFEL etc)3. generic R&D

• support for the development of specific technologies

4. combinations of the above• beam test facility support



‘In-Kind’ R&D

• provides return for regions/institutions investing resources for technical development

• To ILC:– Beam Studies– Infrastructure usage– Engineering and Testing

• To contributing Institute / Region:– Technology transfer between partner ILC institutions– Infrastructure development and qualification– Community connection mechanisms



The role of R&D: • in support of a mature, low risk design• take advantage the ongoing, increasing global investment in SRF

and related technology– the big impact of the ITRP decision– Improve performance, reduce cost, challenge limitations, develop inter-regional ties,

develop regional technical centers• Both a ‘project-based’ and a ‘generic’ focus

The ILC has:• A Baseline Design; to be extended and used for comparison (RDR)

– But ready for deployment• Research and Development activities on Alternates to the Baseline

– Engages the community venue for cost-saving / risk-reduction actvities• Plug – compatibility / modularity policy flexibility between the

above– The critical role of associated projects – XFEL, Project X, SNS, JLab12, ERLs, …

• Models of ‘project implementation’– The transition from R&D to a real project– The link between Technical Phase R&D and the project political process



ILC – Reference Design:

• Positron Source, Damping Ring, Beam Delivery

Beam Delivery and Interaction RegionExamples:



Critical R & D – Accelerator Systems – Positron Source

• Positron Source Design –– Each ILC pulse high energy electrons pass through a helical

undulator that generates ~ 20 MeV gamma rays– These gamma rays are directed on a high power rotating

titanium target– Generated positrons are collected through a very short

focus, close proximity lens (OMD) and captured in a normal-conducting RF accelerator

– The positrons are injected into the positron damping ring to be used for collisions on the next machine pulse

RDR Positron Source Layout

R & D Priorities – Undulator (UK – RAL, Cornell – Mikailichenko) Target (KEK, BINP – Logachev) Optical Matching Device (OMD)- replacement for

‘Flux Concentrator’ Liquid Lithium Lens (KEK, BINP – Logachev)

Capture RF – normal conducting accelerator (Paramonov –INR, SLAC)



Lithium Lens with feeding cables.(Courtesy of Yu. Shatunov, BINP)

Lithium Lens CAD model section view.(Courtesy of Alexander Mikhailichenko,

Cornell)

Li In

=>

<=

Li O

ut

Linear Collider – Positron Source



BINP – Positron System R & D

• Liquid Lead target development for KEK-B– (years of operational experience at BINP)

– Initial activity for SLAC - NLC

– Alternate to baseline rotating target (also tested at BINP)

– To be installed at KEK-B Linac 2009

• Boron Nitride window / brazing tests underway – Used in liquid target

– Also applicable to Lithium Lens applications

• Liquid Lithium Lens – ~ factor 2 improved capture compared to pulsed electromagnet

– design study in 2009 – support from BINP and KEK

– High pressure Li is main issue



Positron source: First Ever Full Length Undulator Cryomodule

Vac vessel closed

Ln2 precooling

KEK ATF Beam Test planning

Vertical magnet tests successful – design field exceeded in both 1.75m undulators

But, vacuum leak when cold – now being repaired – should be complete by Jan 09

Constructed by Rutherford Appleton Lab.

First cooldown of complete system early Sept 08.



Critical R & D – Accelerator Systems – Damping Ring

• Damping Ring Design– Two 6 km circumference 5GeV damping rings (e+ / e-) – Each pulse inject ~ 3000 bunches and ‘damp’ to very low

emittance in 200 ms– Bunch spacing 6 ns– Extract one – by – one with very fast pulse magnet kicker a

bunch every 300 ns

• Component testing with beam at test facilities:– Cornell (CESR TA)– Dafne (Frascati)– ATF (KEK)



Damping Rings Critical R&D

• Electron cloud.– Goal is to demonstrate effective mitigation methods.– Studies are in progress at CesrTA, DANE, KEKB.

• Fast injection/extraction kickers.– Goal is to demonstrate fast, high-power pulsers meeting ILC

damping rings specifications.– Studies are in progress at ATF, DANE, SLAC.

• Low-emittance tuning.– Goal is to demonstrate reliable operation with 2 pm vertical

emittance. • Typical beam size ~ few microns

– Swiss Light Source has recently achieved 3 pm.– Studies are in progress at ATF and CesrTA.

21



Electron Cloud Studies in CesrTA

Installation of wigglers in former location of CLEO (above).

Retarding field analyzers in wiggler vacuum chambers, and first data (right).

22



Fast Kicker R&D

• The goal is to develop and demonstrate a high-reliability fast kicker that meets the ILC specifications for damping ring injection and extraction.

• R&D program includes activities at SLAC, INFN/LNF and KEK. Drift Step Recovery Diodes – Anatoly Krasnykh, SLAC and – A. Kardo-Sysoev, Ioffe Institute of Physics (RAS)

23

Pulse amplitude 10 kV

Bunch spacing 3 ns

Pulse repetition rate 6.6 MHz

Pulse stability ~ 0.1%

Proposed for smaller 3 km circumference damping rings



Fast Injection/Extraction Kickers: SLAC

• Researchers at SLAC are investigating two possible technologies: MOSFET array, and DSRD fast switch.

• Both technologies provide attractive characteristics.

• A hybrid pulser may be the best solution.

24

1 ns / division



Critical R & D – Accelerator Systems – Beam Delivery

• Beam Delivery (BDS) Design –– BDS delivers the beam from the high power linac to the

users detector– The BDS provides high power collimation and precision

focusing of the beams – There will be two detectors arranged to they can be

‘exchanged’ using a ‘push-pull’ mechanism– Critical BDS components ‘live’ within the detector

• BDS relies on precision instrumentation systems and optics correction algorithms– Collimation of high density, high power beams is a key

technology– Beam testing is required: ATF2 at KEK



Beam Delivery System R & D• ATF2

– constructed, hardware mostly commissioned

– Next: beam commissioning– Developing long-terms plans for AFT2

• SC FD • squeezed beta* tests, etc

• IR integration (MDI)– have a new version of “IR Interface

Document”– the document is focused on functional

requirements– MDI and DDI (Detector-Detector

Interface)– Also a lot of progress on detailed

Detector and MDI design

26

Andrei Seryi, SLAC, BDS Group Leader



Travelling focus

Travelling focus idea proposed by Vladimir Balakin at the "Beam-Beam and Beam-Radiation Interactions, High Intensity and Nonlinear Effects", the 7th ICFA Workshop on Beam Dynamics, UCLA, USA, 13-16 May 1991, and also at the Linear Collider Workshop LC91, Protvino, 1991



Critical R & D – Main Linac Technology

• Main Linac Design– Each pulse a ~3 MHz bunch ‘train’ of e- and e+ is

accelerated from 5 to 250 GeV using two 11 km linacs– Each linac has ~ 8000 9 cell superconducting standing wave

RF cavities operating at 1.3 GHz– Gradient: 31.5 MV/m– RF Power for each linac is provided through rectangular

waveguide from ~ 300 10 MW peak power ‘multi-beam’ klystrons

• The main linac is a ‘cost driver’ – R & D is underway to:– Improve gradient performance– Produce and transport high power RF more efficiently– Test components and systems in each region– EU-XFEL (17 GeV) uses almost identical technology


Marc Ross, FermilabILC Global Design Effort

3030

Superconducting Cavity R&D

Niobium Sheet metal cavity Fabrication:

Forming and welding (EBW)

Surface Process: Chemical etching and polishing Cleaning

Inspection/Tests: Optical Inspection (warm) Thermometry (cold)



One Vendor Yield(A6, A7, A8, A11, A12, A15, AC115, AC117, AC122, 125, 126)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

>15 >20 >25 >30 >35 >40

Gradient (MV/m)

Fra

cti

on

Combined Yield of Jlab and DESY Tests

23 tests, 11 cavitiesOne Vendor

All Vendor Yield(A6, A7, A8, A11, A12, A15, AES 1- 4, Ichiro5, J2,AC115, AC117, AC122,

125, 126, Z139, 143)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

>15 >20 >25 >30 >35 >40

Gradient (MV/m)

Fra

cti

on

48 Tests, 19 cavities ACCEL, AES, Zanon, Ichiro, Jlab

50%

Yield 45 % at 35 MV/m being achieved by cavities with a qualified vendor !!

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• Russian Design team; fabricated in Japan

• Most successful 10 MW multi-beam klystron BASELINE

Klystron RF Power Source

Also: Distributed RF Source Concept(KEK)

Surface Klystron Cluster(SLAC; KEK)

Both options aimed at single-tunnel solutionsBoth options aimed at single-tunnel solutions

Basis: 2 tunnels

Cost Reduced RF Concepts



Civil Engineering

• 30% of the estimated cost• Three sample sites studied – Japan, CERN,

Illinois– Quite similar configurations; deep rock dual tunnel

• JINR suggested a 4th sample site near Dubna– Studied ~ 20 years ago

• This site has several contrasting features that provide a comparison basis– Single tunnel with near surface building

– Soft tunneling material

• Siting process is political – but it is useful to have studied and reported sample sites

Deep & Shallow Site Configurations

35





(non SRF)• Critical R & D for Main Linac Technology• Project Preparation

– Collaboration with CERN– Making the transition from broad-based R & D to a practical

Project

• Conclusion



Collaboration with CLIC / CERN

• Formulated (Barish/Aymar) 11.2007– Established in 02.2008; initially 5 working groups

• ‘Exclusive’ strategy: – pick and choose efforts with strong commonality; optimize use of

resources– startup philosophy: choose tasks more likely to succeed

• Promoting communication / links between the two groups– will facilitate discussion and consensus building between teams– improving the credibility of both

• Common costing methodology / basis is a collaboration priority



ILC R & D Resources

• (summarized in R & D Plan; published 2008.06)• 2007-2010 4 years

Technical Area: Effort (years * people)

Funds (M$)

Superconducting RF Tech

615 90

CFS / Global (Controls) 112 4

Accelerator Systems 415 27

Total 1142 121



Conclusion

• ILC Global Design Effort has 3 goals:– Developing the community– Doing R & D– Designing the ILC and preparing a practical Project– Until end 2012

• ILC GDE is launching the first *truly global large scale international science project*– Based roughly equally in each of three regions: Americas,

Europe and Asia

• We invite and strongly encourage your continued and increased participation!

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