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![Page 1: 1 RESAFE - Innovative fertiliser from urban waste, bio-char and farm residues as substitute of chemicals fertilisers Alice Dall’Ara – ENEA UTTMATF Sergio.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f465503460f94c68b54/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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RESAFE - Innovative fertiliser from urban waste, bio-char and farm residues as substitute of chemicals fertilisers
Alice Dall’Ara – ENEA UTTMATFSergio Sangiorgi – ENEA UTTMATF
10/06/20146 Month MeetingCEBAS-CSIC premisisMurcia (ES)
LIFE12 ENV/IT/000356
ENEA –UTTMATF Progress ReportMonths 1-6
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ACTION DATE B.1. Demonstration of proper recipes through the characterization of organic waste and final products
Jan-June’14
B.2. Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at laboratory level
Mar-Dec’14
C.1. Monitoring of organic waste and final products
Mar’14-June’15
E. Project management Continuous
ENEA activities
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Methods Source Technology
Scientific Literature and available data
UOW, FOR and biochar
Selection of the appropriate raw materials
UOW, FORComposting,
pyrolysis
Selection of proper VAP RESAFE 1
Full characterization of samples (Action C.1)
RECIPES to use in demonstration plants
3 recipes (1 for each Country)
Action B.1
Demonstration of proper recipes through the characterization of Organic waste and final products
with Beneficiaries contribution
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Materials used SOURCE
COUNTRY % Receipt
FOR, UOW, BIOCHAR and VAP
ITFOR:UOW
50:50
* FOR+UOW *FOR+UOW+VAP*FOR+UOW +VAP +BC
FOR, UOW, BIOCHAR and VAP
ESFOR:UOW
30:70 * FOR+UOW*FOR+UOW+VAP*FOR+UOW +VAP +BC
FOR, UOW and VAP
CY
FOR:UOW 30:70 20:80
* FOR+UOW*FOR+UOW+VAP
Action B.1
Recipe for HQ-ORBP production at laboratory level
Instructions for Lab tests
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• Cooperation for instructions for lab test in Italy, Spain and Cyprus
• Cooperation for lab test in Italy (initial implementation)
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Action B.2
Demonstration of HQ-ORBP production at laboratory level
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Raw material and waste characterization:
• Thermal analysis (TG and DTG)
• XRD analysis
• BET analysis
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Action C.1 Monitoring of organic waste and final products
• SEM Analysis (* specific presentation)
:
Balance and furnace in TG NETZSCH 409 C
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Action C.1
Atmosphere: Air with a flow rate of 100 mL/min (Spanish and Italian biochar: Argon). Heating rate =10 °C/min Tf=1000°C Sample Weight ≈1 g Sample carrier= 3.4 ml in volume.
Dried samples:t=15 h T=40 °C (ES-UOW, ES-FOR, IT-UOW, IT-FOR) t=15 h T=50 °C ( IT-BC,ES-BC)
The Netzsch TA window software was used for data processing of the results.
THERMAL ANALYSISSamples Name N° Wet Sample N° Dried Sample
Urban Organic Waste (Compos ES t) ES-UOW 1 1
Farm Organic Residue (HorseManure) ES-FOR 1 3
Spain Biochar ES-BC - 1
Urban Organic Waste (Compost Italy) IT-UOW 3 3
Farm Organic Residue (Poultry Manure) IT-FOR - 1
Biochar IT-BC - 1
SAMPLES
CONDITION
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Figure: TG and DTG for wet (green line) and for dried (red line) ES-UOW samples
Dried
Wet
I STEP
II STEP
IV STEP
III STEP
Sample I STEP II STEP III STEP IV STEP TOT
ES-UOW d -4.30 % -20.72 % -12.19 % -20.47 % -50.68 %
ES-UOW w -18.80 % -17.87 % -10.61 % -18.15 % -65.43 %
ES-UOW
Action C.1
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I STEP
II STEP
Figure: TG and DTG for ES-BC samples
Sample I STEP II STEP TOT
ES-BC -3.96% -8.83 % 12.79 %
ES-BC
Action C.1
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I STEP
II STEP
Dried
Wet
Sample I STEP II STEP TOT
1ES-FOR dried -7.33 % -77.30 % -84.63 %
2ES-FOR dried -7.92 % -77.26 % -85.18 %
3ES-FOR dried -7.46 % -77.71 % -85.17 %
1ES-FOR wet -45.48 % -44.49 % -89.97 %
Figure: TG and DTG for IT-FOR sample
ES-FORAction C.1
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I STEP
III STEP
TG - Dried Sample
II STEP
IV STEP
IT-UOW
Sample I STEP II STEP IV STEP TOT
IT-UOW d -4.30 % -16.65 % -21.87 % -42.82 %
IT-UOW d -4.52 % -18.20 % -23.20 % -45.92 %
IT-UOW d -4.62 % -17.26 % -22.32 % -44.20%
IT-UOW w -41.45 % -12.81 % -10.50 % -64.76 %
IT-UOW w -41.59 % -11.82 % -9.29 % -62.70 %
IT-UOW w -41.41 % -11.25 % -9.44 % -62.10%
Figure: TG and DTG for IT-UOW sample
TG - Wet
Action C.1
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I Step
II Step
III Step
Sample I STEP II STEP III STEP TOT
IT-FOR -6.77 % -62.44 % -12.98 % -82.19 %
IT-FOR
Figure: TG and DTG for IT-FOR sample
Action C.1
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I Step
III Step IV Step
I Step
II Step
Sample I STEP II STEP III STEP IV STEP TOT
IT-BC -0.54 % -0.36 % -0.93 % -1.73 % -3.56 %
Figure : TG and DTG for IT-BC sample IT-BC
Action C.1
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XRD (X-RAY DIFFRACTION) ANALYSIS
Experimental apparatus to perform diffraction measures with Bragg-Brentano geometry.
Sample and sample holder
Action C.1
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XRD (X-RAY DIFFRACTION) ANALYSISSamples Name
Spain Urban Organic Waste (Compost) ES-UOW
Spain Farm Organic Residue (HorseManure)
ES-FOR
Spain Biochar ES-BC
Compost Italy IT-UOW
Farm Organic Residue (Poultry Manure)- Italy
IT-FOR
Italian biochar IT-BC
SAMPLES
Angular range Step Time for step Anode (wavelength)
10-80 0.02 1 sec Copper (1.54 nm)
In order to obtained XRD patterns, samples was ground in mortar and pressed in sample holder. Instrument parameters was generally set following the scheme reported below:Regarding biochar samples the range of angular positions used is 10-90 2theta(°)The phase analysis were carried out with the X’Pert High Score software Version 2.2° (PANalytical B.V., Almelo, The Netherlands) equipped with ICDD PDF2 database release 1996 (sets 1-50 plus 77-88).
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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Inte
nsi
ty (
a.u
.)
2theta(°)
ES-FOR
XRD for ES-SAMPLES
XRD pattern for ES-BC. It is noticeable the presence of calcite (chard n° 01- 086-234)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Quartz
Calcite
Inte
nsi
ty
2theta(°)
ES-UOW
XRD pattern for ES-UOW. It is noticeable the presence of calcite (chard n° 01- 086-2334) and quartz (chard n° 01-085-0457)
20 40 60 800
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600 Calcite
Inte
nsi
ty (
a.u
.)
2theta(°)
ES-BC
Action C.1
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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Quartz
Calcite
Inte
nsi
ty (
a.u
.)
2theta (°)
IT-UOW
XRD pattern for IT-UOW. Also in this case, It is noticeable the presence of calcite (chard n° 01- 086-2334) and quartz (chard n° 01-085-0457)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Struvite
Calcite
Inte
nsi
ty (
a.u
.)
2theta(°)
IT-FOR
XRD for IT-FOR. The main inorganic crystalline phases detected are calcite (chard n° 01-085-0849) and struvite (chard n° 015-0762).
Action C.1
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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Inte
nsi
ty (
a.u
.)
2theta(°)
IT-BC
XRD for IT-BC. From xrd analysis it is noticeable four main phases: quartz (03-065-0466), Ca(OH)2 (044-1481), cristobalite (01-082-1403), calcite (01-072-1652). XRD pattern suggests also the presence of sulphates, even though the exact nature of these compounds must be subject of further investigations
Action C.1
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Surface area determination
This method involves the determination of the amount of N2 adsorbed on sample’s surface by measuring the pressure change in a static system at constant volume and temperature.
Sample: Biochar
Code Surface Area (m2/g)
IT-BC 6.6
ES-BC 127.1
The Brunauer, Emmett e Teller (BET) theory assume the formation of N2 monolayer of adsorbate to cover the external and the accessible internal pore surfaces of a solid.
The specific surface area was determined by means single point BET method.
Action C.1
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ACTION DATE
B.2. Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at laboratory level
Mar-Dec’14
B.3. Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at (pilot) semi-industrial scale
Sept ’14- June ’15
C.1. Monitoring of organic waste and final products
Mar’14-June’15
C.3,4,5 Monitoring of environmental benefit of Agriculture Application in Italy,
Dec’14-Dec’15
D. Communication and Dissemination (fairs, press releases, contribution to website, etc.) Continuous
E. Project management Continuous
ENEA next step
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Thanks for your attention
ENEA UTTMATFVia Ravegnana, 186 48018 - Faenza (RA) Tel. 0546 678540Fax. 0546 678501 e-mail: [email protected]