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![Page 1: 1 Regional Workshop on: Agriculture-related Issues in the Preparation for Accession to the WTO Overview of Agricultural Trade Databases and Analytical.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081602/5518c7a155034638098b4c2a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Regional Workshop on: Agriculture-related Issues in the Preparation
for Accession to the WTO
Overview of Agricultural Trade Databases and Analytical Tools
Syria, 26. – 28. November 2008
United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUnited Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Ralf Peters
UNCTAD, Geneva
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Trade databasesWITS
• Gives access to 5 databases covering tariffs and trade (government’s view)
• TRAINS, IDB, CTS, Comtrade, AMAD• UNCTAD and Worldbank: wits.worldbank.org
Market Access Map• Trade and tariff data (exporter’s view)• ITC: www.macmap.org
FAOStat• Production, Consumption and wide range of data on agriculture
such as caloric intake, undernourished, …• FAO: faostat.fao.org
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Analytical toolsDatabases with simulation tools
• WITS (Smart Model) and Market Access Map ATPSM
• Partial equilibrium model to analyse trade policy changes in agriculture• UNCTAD and FAO: www.unctad.org/tab and
www.fao.org/docrep/006/Y5117E/y5117e0a.htm
GTAP• General equilibrium model covering a wide range of analytical
possibilities (e.g. tariff cuts, productivity shock, RTAs, …)• www.gtap.org
GSIM• One sector partial equilibrium model • Francois and Hall: www.intereconomics.com/handbook/Models/Index.htm
Aglink - Cosimo• FAO and OECD: Price projection model
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World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) vs Databases
WITS (UNCTAD - World Bank) is a software which is designed to integrate several trade-related databases and provide easy access
Five databases are currently accessible through WITS
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Databases of WITS
• TRAINS (UNCTAD)• COMTRADE (UN Statistics Division)• Integrated Database (IDB-WTO)• Consolidated Tariff Schedule (CTS-WTO)• AMAD (Agricultural Market Access Database)
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Data contents of TRAINS (continued)Data contents of TRAINS (continued)
• Applied tariffs at tariff line level or aggregated
• Import statistics by origin at Harmonized System (HS) 6-digit level for every country-year by constructing mirror imports where necessary
• Non-Tariff Measures classified according to UNCTAD Coding System of Trade Control Measures
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UN COMTRADE in WITS
• United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database:– International trade statistics, detailed by commodity and
partner country
– Over 130 countries
– From 1962 (not all countries) to most recent year
• Processed into a standard format with consistent coding and valuation– Converted into US dollars
– Quantities (if provided) converted into metric units
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AMAD in WITS
• Query:– Currently only raw data downloadable– Future: incorporated in advanced query
• Data availability– TRQ schedule: within-quota tariffs and quota
volume– Out-of-quota tariffs available in WITS from CTS
(normal tariff schedule)
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Access to WITS
• Software: everybody• AMAD and aggregated WTO Data: everybody• COMTRADE: Free access to International
Organizations, others against a fee• TRAINS: Access to governments and
international and regional organizations and donors to TRAINS Trust Fund
• WTO: Access to WTO member governments and selected International Organizations
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WITS Functionality
• Data retrieval and analysis
• Quick query: raw data, entire schedules• Advanced query: averages by sector/region• Tariff Change Simulations• Other options
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Quick Query
Direct access to the Database
–By country and/or by product–Export raw data–Extraction by criteria
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AMAD in WITS
• Raw
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Advanced Query
Users construct queries comprising of:
– Reporter countries – Products – Partner countries – Years
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Custom Query – Parameters
Reporter Countries– Individual countries or user-
defined groups of countriesProducts– Individual products or user-
defined aggregates of products in various product classifications (HS, SITC,ISIC, etc)
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Custom Query – Parameters
Partner Countries– Same as Reporter Countries.
“World” is treated as an individual country
Years – From 1988
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Custom Query – results
Main indicators•Simple and trade weighted tariff averages
•Value of imports–Duty free–Dutiable–Non-ad valorem rates
•Distribution of tariff rates
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• The Advanced Query is a more complex but more powerful and flexible tool for sophisticated queries :– Can retrieve trade for several years, partners and products with a
single query;
– Can retrieve aggregated trade for groups of countries or products;
• The process goes through two steps :– The user defines, saves and submits his query
– The server runs the query and notifies when results are ready.
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Once the Data Source has been selected, a set of folders appears on the top left side of the Query Definition window.Those folders may vary depending on the chosen data source.
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Click on the Reporters folder. A selection box appears on the right.
Selecting Reporters
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Now, click on the Products folder. The product selection panel appears.Advanced Query offers many possibilities for selecting Products.To get results, you have to use nomenclatures available for the selected reporter(s).
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Selecting Partners
Now, click on the Partner Countries folder. The selection panel appears. It is the same as the one we’ve seen for selecting Reporters.
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Custom Query – submission
Further options before submitting
• MFN rates (default) , Bound Rates and/or Effectively Applied (preferential) rates
• Latest available year for each reporter country
• Substitution of unavailable year with the nearest available year
• Breakdown of country groups
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• Question:
– Investigate the existence of tariff peaks and tariff escalation in country group A (USA, Canada, EU and Japan) on silk products originating in developing countries
• Steps:
– Create country aggregates (group A, developing countries)– Create product aggregates (raw, semi finished, finished silk)
Go to WITS Tariff peaks Tariff escalation
Hypothetical Example: Tariff peaks and escalation
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Dom
estic
pea
ks
Inte
rnat
iona
l pea
ks
Dom
estic
pea
ks
Inte
rnat
iona
l pea
ks
Dom
estic
pea
ks
Inte
rnat
iona
l pea
ks
Dom
estic
pea
ks
Inte
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iona
l pea
ks
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
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20
Nu
mb
er o
f ta
riff
pea
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Raw
Yarn
Woven
Finished
Incidence of Tariff Peaks
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1996
2000
0
1
2
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6
7
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Raw silk - PrefRaw silk - MFNSilk Yarn - PrefSilk yarn - MFNWoven silk - PrefWoven silk - MFNFinished Silk - PrefFinished Silk - MFN
Raw silk Silk yarnWoven
silk
Finished silk
Silk Tariff Escalation (Weighted Average Tariffs)
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• Part I : Trade statistics– Data extraction tools– Example: tariff peaks and escalation
•Part II: Trade liberalization simulations
– The model: assumptions, parameters, results– Example
Contents
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Tariff Change Simulation
Results of Simulation - First round effect of tariff reduction- No time horizon - No cost of structural adjustment
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How to Install WITSRegister at http://wits.worldbank.org/witsweb
Receive userid and password via e-mail
Download installation file from
http://wits.worldbank.org/install.htm
Install
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CONTACT
Trade Information Section
UNCTAD/DITC/TAB
Palais des Nations
1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
E-mail: [email protected]
Fax: +41 22 917 0247
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ITC Market Access Map What it is and Who for (1)
• Making tariffs and market access barriers transparent
• Tariffs and market access measures at the bilateral level for 170 countries
• Products are described at the national tariff line level
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ITC Market Access Map What it is and Who for (2)
• Designed to support exporters, importers, trade promoters, policy analysts and trade negotiators
• Can be used to find a tariff and to compare with competitors
• Advanced features to prepare for trade negotiations by simulating the effects of tariff reductions
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Market Access Map Features (1)
• MFN tariffs as well as multilateral, regional and bilateral preferences
• Bound tariffs • Tariff-quotas: multilateral and
bilateral • Anti-dumping duties• Rules of Origin and Certificates of
Origin
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Market Access Map Features (2)
• Trade flows • Tariffs: ad valorem, specific and ad
valorem equivalents of the specific tariffs
Analysis:• Tariff aggregation at any sectoral and
regional level• Tariff reduction simulations: using
various formulae
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Agricultural Market Access Database
Data Coverage (1)
• Market Access Commitments– WTO Tariff Schedules: bound rate
– WTO TRQ Schedules
• Market Access Implementation– TRQ Notifications
– Applied Tariffs
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Agricultural Market Access Database
Data Coverage (2)
• Analytical Tables– Comparison of In and Over Quota Tariff Rates
– Comparison of TRQ Schedule and Notification
• Supplemental Data– FAO Supply and Consumption Data
– Imports from UN Trade Data System
– World Import Unit Values