1 Regional Data Review : What have we learned in eight years? Lester McKee Sources Pathways and...

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Regional Data Review : Regional Data Review :

What have we learned in eight years?What have we learned in eight years?

Lester McKeeLester McKee

Sources Pathways and Loadings WorkgroupSources Pathways and Loadings Workgroup

Monday December 8Monday December 8thth 2008 2008

San Francisco Estuary Institute

Item #4

22

Evolution of Evolution of knowledge - Hg knowledge - Hg

loadsloads

(2000-2008):(2000-2008): two two loads studies make a loads studies make a

large differencelarge difference

(Ref: McKee et al., 2008)

Item #4

33

Evolution of Evolution of knowledge PCB knowledge PCB

loadsloads(2002-2008 ):(2002-2008 ): two two loads studies make a loads studies make a

large differencelarge difference


Item #4

44

How quick do people or instruments How quick do people or instruments need to respond to collect samples?need to respond to collect samples?

0.1

1

10

100

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

Watershed area (Sq. km)

Res

pons

e ti

me

(hrs

)

(40 acres)

Guadalupe R.(8-10 hrs)

Zone 4 Line A(1.5 hrs)

(4 acres)

City Block(12 min)


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55

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Years of Averaging

Min

imu

m a

nd

Max

imu

m

Lo

ad (

kg)

Mercury Load = 6 – 440 kg


How many data do we need to estimate How many data do we need to estimate loads of a specified accuracy? loads of a specified accuracy?

Mercury Load = 0.025 – 1,075 kg

Mercury Load = 80 – 220 kg

Item #4


66


Item #4

Sampling program running for consecutive yearsSampling program running for consecutive years

5-year5-year 7-year7-year 10-year10-year 15-year15-year

Exceed 1.5 year return (1,950 cfs)Exceed 1.5 year return (1,950 cfs) 100100 100100 100100 100100

Exceed 2 year return (2,400 cfs)Exceed 2 year return (2,400 cfs) 100100 100100 100100 100100

Exceed 3.3 year return (6,900 cfs)Exceed 3.3 year return (6,900 cfs) 8989 100100 100100 100100

Exceed 5 year return (9,200 cfs)Exceed 5 year return (9,200 cfs) 7474 8585 9393 100100

Exceed 10 year return (13,600 Exceed 10 year return (13,600 cfs)cfs) 3737 5252 7373 8888


77

Sampling year (s)Sampling year (s)

EstimatedEstimatedlong termlong termPCB loadPCB load

(kg)(kg)

WY 03 onlyWY 03 only 1.61.6




WY 03 & 04WY 03 & 04 1.71.7

WY 04 & 05WY 04 & 05 1.01.0

WY 05 & 06WY 05 & 06 0.70.7

WY 03 & 04 & 05WY 03 & 04 & 05 1.11.1

WY 04 & 05 & 06WY 04 & 05 & 06 0.80.8

All yearsAll years 0.90.9


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88

When within a year should we When within a year should we sample? sample?

Alameda Ck. at Niles10% urban, 1,650 km2

Colma Ck. at S. San Francisco57% urban, 41 km2

Coyote Ck. at Gilroy??% urban, 275 km2

WaterDischarge

Suspended Sediment Load

17%

1%

Dry season

Wet season

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99

Grain size and Grain size and turbidity as a turbidity as a

surrogate surrogate 60

70

80

90

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Area (km^2)

Med

ian

perc

enta

ge o

f gr

ains

fin

er t

han

0.06

3 m

m

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 10 100 1000 10000

Grainsize (micron = 1/1000 mm)

Perc

en

tag

e o

f g

rain

s f

iner

than

(%

)

Alameda Ck. at Niles

Guadalupe R. at Hwy 101

San Lorenzo Ck. Above Don CastroReservoir

Crow Ck. Near Hayward

Cull Ck. Above Cull Ck. Reservior

Zone 6 Line B at Warm Springs Blvd.

Item #4


1010

Is it better to measure or estimate Is it better to measure or estimate concentrations and loads: the concentrations and loads: the

Guadalupe River exampleGuadalupe River exampleSSSS(t/y)(t/y) HgHg AgAg AsAs CdCd CrCr CuCu NiNi PbPb ZnZn PCBPCB DDTDDT

Chlor-Chlor-danedane

EstimatedEstimatedlong termlong termAverageAverage(1973 - 02)(1973 - 02)

13,9713,9700 130130 44 110110 1212 1,6701,670 890890 3,2403,240 1,0001,000 3,7403,740 0.90.9 1.71.7 1.61.6

Davis et al.,Davis et al.,20002000 6,2006,200 8080 1,1601,160 2,2402,240 1,6701,670 3,4003,400 11,20011,200

KLI, 2002KLI, 2002 5.45.4 2.12.1 0.60.6 2.22.2

LeatherbarroLeatherbarrowwet al., 2003et al., 2003

11,0011,0000 2929 33 230230 99 1,4001,400 700700 2,0002,000 500500 3,1003,100

Thomas et al.,Thomas et al.,20022002

4.0 - 4.0 - 3030

All loads in kg unless otherwise specified.

Item #4


1111

How much do particle Hg concentrations How much do particle Hg concentrations vary between watersheds? vary between watersheds?

Z4LA < Coyote (non-urb) < Coyote (urb) < San Pedro < Guadalupe R.Z4LA < Coyote (non-urb) < Coyote (urb) < San Pedro < Guadalupe R.

Item #4


1212

How much do particle PCB concentrations How much do particle PCB concentrations vary between watersheds? vary between watersheds?

Coyote (non-urb) < Coyote (urb) < Guadalupe R. < Z4LACoyote (non-urb) < Coyote (urb) < Guadalupe R. < Z4LA

Item #4


1313

How much do particle PBDE How much do particle PBDE concentrations vary between watersheds? concentrations vary between watersheds?

Coyote (non-urb) < Guadalupe (non-urb) < Coyote (urb) < Guad (urb) < Z4LACoyote (non-urb) < Guadalupe (non-urb) < Coyote (urb) < Guad (urb) < Z4LA

Item #4


1414

Which storms need to be studied and Which storms need to be studied and does this vary for each POC? does this vary for each POC?

y = 0.5096x-0.2394

R2 = 0.5288

0.01

0.1

1

10

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Flow (cfs)

Hg

T:S

SC

(m

g/k

g)

y = 175.98x-0.1469

R2 = 0.42

10

100

1000

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Flow (cfs)

PC

B:S

SC

(u

g/k

g)

If only storms of 10 cfs had been sampled for Hg, the estimated average If only storms of 10 cfs had been sampled for Hg, the estimated average particle concentration would be 1.7x higher than sampling 100 cfsparticle concentration would be 1.7x higher than sampling 100 cfs

In contrast, the difference would be only 1.4x for PCBsIn contrast, the difference would be only 1.4x for PCBs

POC, method, and targeted storms matterPOC, method, and targeted storms matter

Item #4

Z4LA WY 2007

data


1515

Which and how many watersheds Which and how many watersheds should be sampled? should be sampled?

Are

a (k

mA

rea

(km

22) )

SS

(t/km

SS

(t/km

22))

Hg

Hg

Me

Hg

Me

Hg

Ag

Ag

Cd

Cd

Cr

Cr

Cu

Cu Ni

Ni

Pb

Pb

Zn

Zn

PC

BP

CB

PB

DE

PB

DE

DD

TD

DT

Ch

lord

an

eC

hlo

rda

ne

Dield

rinD

ieldrin

Hayward Hayward Urban Urban

watershedwatershed(Z4LA WY (Z4LA WY

2007)2007) 4.54.5 2424 5.65.6 0.160.16 8.08.0 43431,401,40

002,502,50

001,801,80

001,801,80

0021,0021,00

00 3.23.2 9.09.0 3.73.7 1.31.3 0.300.30

Guadalupe Guadalupe RiverRiver

(WY 2004)(WY 2004) 236236 3636 6464 0.0880.088 12.612.6 41412,712,71

223,003,00

885,085,08

552,202,20

3312,7112,71

22 3.33.3 6.76.7 3.33.3 2.52.5 0.260.26

Statistically Statistically significant?significant? yesyes yesyes maybemaybe nono nono yesyes nono yesyes nono yesyes nono nono nono maybemaybe nono

Export of POC during climatic years with 70% mean annual runoff(units: micrograms per square meter (µg/m2) unless otherwise specified

Item #4


1616

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000

SSC (mg/L)

Per

cen

t T

ota

l H

g(%

)Is mercury always particulate and Is mercury always particulate and

inorganic?inorganic? (San Pedro, Storm Drain (San Jose))(San Pedro, Storm Drain (San Jose))

65%HgD(%)

MeHgT(%)

1%

Item #4


1717

Is mercury always particulate and Is mercury always particulate and inorganic?inorganic?

(Z4LA, Storm Drain (Hayward))(Z4LA, Storm Drain (Hayward))

0.1

1

10

100

10 100 1000

SSC (mg/L)

Pe

rce

nt

To

tal H

g (

%)

36%HgD(%)

MeHgT(%)

4%

Item #4


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