1. Read the experiment below to answer the questions below.John is testing whether or not fertilizer increases plant growth. His hypothesis was that fertilizer would make plants grow more. He uses 2 plants. Plant A was grown in soil and Plant B was grown in soil with fertilizer added to it. John gave each plant the same amount of water, and the same amount of sunlight. He measured the height of each plant once a week for 5 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the height of Plant A was 10 cm and the height of Plant B was 15 cm.

a. IV•Fertilizerb. DV•heightc. Control group•Plants Ad. Experimental group•Plant B

e. What are 2 factors that must remain constant?•Type of plant, same amount of soil, same amount of water, temperature•f. Describe what can be done to make the results of this study more reliable. •Repeat or increase sample size.

A. SCIENTIFIC METHOD

B. MEASUREMENT

2. What is mass?

•The amount of matter in an object (grams)

3. What is volume?

•The amount of space an object takes up

4. The volume of water in a graduated cylinder is 30mL. A marble is placed into the graduated cylinder. The volume of the water is now 34mL.

a. What is the volume of the marble?

•34-30 = •4 mL

5. An object has a length of 2 cm, a height of 3.2 cm and a width of 0.23 cm. What is the volume of the object! Show all work!

•V = L x W x H

•V = 2 cm x 3.2 cm x 0.23 cm

•V = 1.472 (always round to nearest tenth)

•V = 1.5 cm3

 

6. What is the mass shown in the triple beam balance below?

328.3g

7. What is the length of the object below in centimeters?

•5.1cm

8. What is the volume of the liquid in the graduated cylinder at the right? 

16 mL

9. a. The mass of an object is 50g and its volume is 5.5 mL. What is the density of the object? Show all work.

•D = m

v

•D = 50 g

5.5 mL

D = 9.1 g/mLb. Does the object float in water? Why or why not?

•It does not float. In sinks because it has a greater density than water (1.0g/mL)

10. Identify the following temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit and degrees Celsius.

a. melting point of water?

•0C, 32F

•c. boiling point of water?

•100C, 212F

b. freezing point of water?

•0C, 32F

C. MICROSCOPE 11. Label the diagram of the microscope:  •a. eyepiece•b. body tube•c. fine adj•d. nosepiece•e. objective lens•f. diaphragm•g. base•h. coarse adj•i. arm•j. stage clips•k. stage•l. mirror/light source

MICROSCOPE 14. Label the diagram of the microscope: a. _________________________ b. _________________________ c. _________________________ d. _________________________ e. _________________________ f. _________________________ g. _________________________ h. _________________________ i. _________________________ j. _________________________ k. _________________________ l. _________________________

a

b

c d

e

f g

h

i

j

k

l

f

g

h

i

kl

12. Which part of the microscope controls the amount of light used?

•diaphragm

13. When switching from low to high power, what happens to the field of view?

•It decreases

14. Draw what the letter “e” looks like when looking at it under a microscope.

15. What is the total magnification produced by a microscope using a 10x ocular lens and a 10x objective lens?

•10 x 10

•100x

16. A specimen is on the right side of the field of view. Which way should you move the slide to center the image?

•right

17.What is the diameter of the field of view below in millimeters and micrometers?

•3.5 mm

•3500 um

• 15. What is the length of the object in the field of view below in millimeters and micrometers?

• 1.5 mm

• 1500 um

__________________________ 21. What is the length of the object in the field of view below in millimeters and micrometers? = 22. When preparing a wet mount, why must the cover slip be lowered onto the slide on an angle? __________________________________________________________________________________________________

6 mm

D. CELLS

19. List the 3 parts of the Cell Theory.

•Cells are the basic unit of function in all living things.

•Cells are the basic unit of structure in all living things.

•All cells come from preexisting cells.

20. List the 3 exceptions to the Cell Theory.

•Viruses are not cells and are not made of cells.

•Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and don’t need the nucleus to replicate.

•The first cell could not have come from another cell.

Cell Organelle Function Location

vacuole Stores water and other materials. both

lysosomeProduces enzymes to digest bacteria.

animal

ribosome Produces proteins. both

Golgi bodies Packages proteins into vesicles. both

ER Transport system inside cell. both

nucleus Control center of cell. both

mitochondria Produces ATP. both

chloroplast Site of photosynthesis. plant

centrioles Involved in cell division. animal

cytoplasm Supports all cell organelles. both

Cell membrane Semipermeable to control entry and exit of materials.

both

nucleolus Produces ribosomes. both

DNA/chromosomes Genetic material in nucleus both

21.

22. Label the plant and animal cells below.A. Chromosomes (DNA)

B. ER

C. Nucleolus

D. Nucleus

E. Nuclear membrane

F. Cytoplasm

G. Mitochondria

H. Golgi Bodies

I. Ribosomes

J. Vacuole

K. Cell membrane

L. Vacuole

M. Cell Wall

N. Chloroplast

40. Label the plant and animal cells below.

A

M

B C D

E

F

G

H

I

L

K J

N

O. Centrioles

P. Cytoplasm

Q. ER

R. DNA

S. Nucleolus

T. Nuclear Membrane

U. Ribosome

V. Golgi Bodies

W. Mitochondria

X. Cytoplasm

Y. Cell membrane

40. Label the plant and animal cells below.

W

V

O

Q

R

S

U

P

T

Y

X

23. List the 5 levels of organization of a multicellular organism from smallest to largest.

•Cells tissues organs organ systems organism

24. Below is a diagram of two spaces being separated by a selectively permeable membrane.

.a. If the particles in the diagram represent carbón dioxide molecules and are moving from A B, what process does that represent? Is energy needed for this process to occur?

b. If the particles in the diagram represent carbón dioxide molecules and are moving from B A, what process does that represent? Is energy needed for this process to occur?

Diffusion, no energy needed

Active transport, yes

c. If the particles in the diagram represent wáter molecules and they are moving from A B, what process does that represent? Is energy needed for this process to occur?

Osmosis, no

25. Which nutrient is needed for each type of respiration to occur?

•glucose

26. Identify the type of respiration being described:

a. Requires oxygen

•Aerobic

b. Fermentation

•Anaerobic

c. Occurs in the muscles in the absence of oxygen

•Lactic Acid Fermentation

d. Carried out by yeast

•Alcoholic Fermentation

e. produces 36 ATP

•Aerobic

f. occurs in mitochondria 

•Both

27. The sum total of all life processes is known as

•Metabolism

28. Maintaining a stable, internal environment in a living thing is known as

•Homeostasis

 

F. CLASSIFICATION

29. List the 7 levels of classification from largest to smallest.

•Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

30. What two words are used to name an organism?

•Genus species

31. What kingdom(s) contain organisms that are:

a. unicellular

•Archaebacteria, Eubacteria & Protists

b. only heterotrophic

•Animals & Fungi

c. prokaryotic Archaebacteria, Eubacteria d. heterotrophic or autotrophic

•Archaebacteria, Eubacteria & Protists

D. CHEMISTRY32. Label the subatomic particles of the atom below and indicate its charge.

A. Electron ( negative)

C. neutron ( no charge)

B. Proton (positive)

33. Identify each phase below (solid, liquid, gas).

Gas solid Liquid

34. For the following questions, choose the phase change that is described by each statement. Melting Evaporization Condensation Freezing Sublimation

a. Gas loses heat energy.

•Condensation

b. When liquid absorbs heat energy.

•evaporation

c. The solid absorbs heat energy.

•melting

d. Solid changes directly to the gas phase.

•sublimation

e. Liquid loses heat energy.

•freezing

35. For the following questions, determine if a physical (P) or chemical change (C) is being described.

a. Iodine reacts with hydrogen to form a gas.

•C

b. Shattering of a glass

•P

d. Explosion of fireworks

•C

e. Drying of wet laundry.•P

36. The following statements are false. Change the underlined word to make the statement correct.

a.In a compound, elements are physically combined.

•mixture

b. In a mixture, substances cannot be separated by physical means.

•compound

c. A compound cannot be broken down into a simpler substance.

•Element

d. The solvent is the substance being dissolved in a solute.

•Solute, solvent

37. For the questions below, select the family below being described (Metals - M, Nonmetals - N, Metalloids - ME, Noble Gases - NG)

a.Very ductile and malleable.•Mb. Good conductors of heat and electricity•Mc. Non-reactive•NGd. No luster. •N & NGe. brittle•Nf. Can be shiny or dull•M

38. Identify the following information for the element below.

a. Atomic mass =

b. Mass number =

e. Atomic number =

c. Number of protons =

d. Number of neutrons =

f. Number of electrons =

112.41

112

48

64

48

48

39. Use the Periodic Table below to answer the following questions.

a. Which letter represents the metals?

b. Which letter represents the noble gases?

c. Which letter represents a period?

d. Which letter represents a group?

e. Which letter would contain some metalloids?

C

E

A

B & E

D

40.The diagram below shows a single sugar cube that has been placed in a container of water. The sugar cube will dissolve in the water. Describe 3 ways to make the sugar cube dissolve more quickly in the water.

• A. Heat up the solvent (increase temp)

• B. Mix/stir the solution

• C. Crush the sugar cube (increase surface area)

41. The graph below shows the solubility curves for a solid solute and a gaseous solute.

a. How many grams of solid solute will dissolve in 100 grams of water at 25°C?

b. Describe the relationship between the solubility of the gaseous solute and temperature in this graph.

36 g

As temperature increases, solubility decreases.

42. The graph below shows the heating curve for water. Answer the questions using the graph.

.

a. Label all phase changes on the diagram.

b. What is the melting point of this substance?   

c. What is the boiling point of this substance?

 d. What is happening to the temperature at #4?

0°C

100°C

Stays the same/does not change

Move faster and farther apart

e. What is happening to the molecules of this substance as time increases?  

freezing

melting

cond

evap

43. Identify the structure(s) of the skeletal system being described. You may use an answer more than once.

a. connects bones •ligamentsb. connects muscles to bones•tendonsc. produces blood cells•Bone marrowd. found at the ends of bones•cartilagee. minerals that make up the hard parts of bones•Calcium & phosphorusf. cushion the vertebrae•cartilage

g. also known as the collar bone•clavicleh. also known as the breast bone•sternumi.longest bone in the body•femurj. also known as the shoulder blade•scapulak. upper arm bone•humerusl. type of joint found in the shoulder•Ball and socket

44. Identify the type of muscle being described below.a. voluntary •skeletalb. nonstriated •smoothc. striated and involunta•cardiacd. attached to bones •skeletale. found in the heart•Cardiac

45. How do skeletal muscles work together to move bones?•One muscle contracts while the other relaxes.

G. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM46. Label the digestive system diagram below.

mouth

liver

Gall bladder

Small intestine

esophagus

stomach

pancreasLarge intestine

rectum

47. How is energy measured in food? •  calories48. Where does the chemical digestion of carbohydrates

begin?•  mouth49. How does mechanical digestion happen in the mouth? •  teeth chew and grind food50. Where does the chemical digestion of proteins begin?•  stomach51. Where does digestion end?• Small intestine/duodenum52. Where does most digestion occur?• Small intestine/duodenum

53. Where are nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream?

•  villi in the small intestine54. Where is water absorbed back into the body? •  large intestine55. The stomach produces gastric juice. What is this

juice made of?•  hydrochloric acid and pepsin56. Where is bile produced? Where is bile stored? • Liver, gall bladder