Psychology 305A: Personality Psychology February 11 Lecture 10
1 Psychology 305A: Personality Psychology September 9 Lecture 2.
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Transcript of 1 Psychology 305A: Personality Psychology September 9 Lecture 2.
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Psychology 305A: Personality Psychology
September 9
Lecture 2
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Scoring Your Questionnaire: BFT
In order to score your questionnaire, you must compute 5 scores.
Score 1: Sum items 1, 6, 11, 16, 21
Score 2: Sum items 2, 7, 12, 17, 22
Score 3: Sum items 3, 8, 13, 18, 23
Score 4: Sum items 4, 9, 14, 19, 24
Score 5: Sum items 5, 10, 15, 20, 25
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1. As noted in the course syllabus, tentative learning objectives will be posted on the course website the evening before each class period (by 9:00PM).
Finalized learning objectives will be included in the lectures slides posted after each class period.
Announcements
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2. The schedule for the Peer Mentor Program has been posted on the course website. Locations to be
announced. Mark your calendars!
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3. As noted in the course syllabus, Chapter 2 reviews content (research methods) taught in the prerequisites for this course and will not be discussed in class. Optional review sessions for this chapter will be held on:
September 15, 12:00-1:00PM, Kenny 2101September 15, 4:30-5:30PM, Kenny 2101
Students who are not able to attend these sessions may meet with me or the TA.
Exam 1 will include 2-3 multiple choice questions (2-3 points/50 points) from Chapter 2.
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A little R&R ….(Review and Reflect)
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Let’s begin!
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Top 5 preferences among students (in rank order):
1. Personality and Psychopaths.2. Personality Disorders.3. Personality and Happiness.4. Personality Stability and Change.5. Sex Differences in Personality.
• Students’ desired course content:
The “Its My Course” Questionnaire: Results
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• Other topics of interest to students:
Personality testing (i.e., assessment). Introversion/extraversion. Dreams. Freud. Personality development. Free will/determinism; nature vs. nurture. Heritability of personality characteristics. Birth order effects. Motivation. Personality growth. Personality and religion. Personality and “real world” applications.
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1. What is personality?
2. Why study personality?
Introductory Concepts and Personality Assessment
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3. What is a theory?
4. How is research used to test a theory?
5. How are personality variables measured?
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By the end of today’s class, you should be able to:
1. define the term personality.
2. identify the goals of personality psychology.
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3. distinguish between a theory and a construct.
4. identify the functions of a theory.
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5. define the term operationalization.
6. generate examples of operationalizations.
7. discuss the interactive relationship between theory and research.
8. review personality measurement techniques.
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Psychology 305 15
Question: What is personality?
Answer: Personality is ….
• Class Exercise:
What is personality?
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• Carver and Scheier (p. 4): “Personality is a dynamic organization, inside the person, of psychophysical systems that create the person’s characteristic patterns of behavior, thoughts, and feelings.”
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• Noteworthy points:1. “psychophysical”2. “dynamic”3. “organization”4. “create”5. “characteristic patterns”6. “behavior, thoughts, and feelings”
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Why study personality?
• Personality psychology has three goals:
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1. Descriptive goal.
2. Explanatory goal.
3. Predictive goal; particularly relevant to applied (e.g., clinical, military, corporate) settings.
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What is a theory?
• Theory: A proposed explanation or interpretation of the relations among constructs.
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• Construct: A conceptual or hypothetical variable that can’t be directly observed.
Examples of variables that are constructs: Aggressiveness, optimism, intelligence, self-esteem.
Examples of variables that are not constructs: Hair colour, eye colour, weight, height, blood pressure.
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Is personality a construct?
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• Theories serve two functions:
1. Synthesizing function: Organize and explain observations.
2. Heuristic function: Generate predictions (i.e., hypotheses).
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• Operationalization: The translation of a construct into a variable that can be observed and, therefore, measured.
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• In order to test a theory, researchers must identify observable variables that reflect the constructs of interest.
How is research used to test a theory?
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• Examples of operationalizations:
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Construct: Aggressiveness.Operationalization: Frequency and intensity of shocks given to a confederate.
Construct: Intelligence.Operationalization: Scores on an IQ test.
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Construct: Self-esteem.Operationalization: Scores on a self-report measure of global self-worth.
Construct: Personality.Operationalization: ?
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Theories
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Hypotheses
Operationalizations
Research (i.e., experiments, correlational studies, case studies; see Chapter 2)
Observations
InteractiveRelationship
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How are personality variables measured?
• Personality variables are operationalized (i.e., translated into observable variables) using several techniques:
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observer ratings (e.g., interviews, behavioural observations, informant data).
implicit assessments (e.g., Rorschach Ink Blot Test, Picture Story Exercise).
self-reports (most common; e.g., questionnaires).
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Implicit Assessment: Rorschach Ink Blot Test
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Psychology 305 26
Participants complete the statement “I am” 20 times.
Researchers count the number of statements that refer to a given personality characteristic.
Unstructured Self-Report: The Twenty-Statements Test
I am _______________I am _______________I am _______________I am _______________
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Psychology 305 27
True/false items: I like loud and crowded parties ………… T/FI enjoy trying new foods …………………. T/F
Adjective checklists: adventurous
conservative
Structured Self-Report: True/False Items and Adjective Checklists
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Using the scale below, please indicate how much you disagree or agree with the following statements. Circle the appropriate number to the right of each statement.
1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Neutral Strongly disagree agree
1. I feel that I’m a person of worth, at least on an equal basis with others …………………………….. 1 22. I feel that I have a number of good qualities …….. 1 23. All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure …. 1 24. I am able to do things as well as most people …… 1 2
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Structured Self-Report: Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale
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By the end of today’s class, you should be able to:
1. define the term personality.
2. identify the goals of personality psychology.
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3. distinguish between a theory and a construct.
4. identify the functions of a theory.
![Page 30: 1 Psychology 305A: Personality Psychology September 9 Lecture 2.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/5697bf831a28abf838c86a24/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
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5. define the term operationalization.
6. generate examples of operationalizations.
7. discuss the interactive relationship between theory and research.
8. review personality measurement techniques.