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'Psychological Rewards' and the First City‘s Command over its

National Space: Greater Tel Aviv as a Case in Point

Prof. Baruch A. Kipnis Prof. Baruch A. Kipnis The University of Haifa, IsraelThe University of Haifa, Israel

Presentation the 5th Bi-National Regional Science Workshop - - UK-IsraelTel Aviv, 29-30/4/2007

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The main IssuesWhat is the notion of a place’s psychological rewards, what are

the place’s attributes that foster their development?

Who belongs to a place's creative agencies [who are those who operate the place’s creative industries?], and how are they linked to the notion of psychological rewards?

Why is a First City, usually a World City, a place in which psychological rewards meet the wants of the place’s agents of human creativity?

How does Tel Aviv (the city and metropolis) Israel’s First City and World City, govern Israel’s economy and its social and cultural life?

Is Tel Aviv an exception, or is a leading role of a First City a universal phenomena?

Is there a workable solution to the dominating role of Tel Aviv?

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What do we mean by ‘psychological rewards’An upgrade of Florida, (2005) ‘creative environment’.

In a In a creative economycreative economy, places, shouldn't be measured in terms of GDP – , places, shouldn't be measured in terms of GDP – instead, they should be indexed according to the happiness of people who instead, they should be indexed according to the happiness of people who live there.“live there.“

……"there are certain things that promote our wellbeing, happiness and "there are certain things that promote our wellbeing, happiness and personal fulfillment: personal fulfillment:

The quality and diversity of our living, work and cultural environmentThe quality and diversity of our living, work and cultural environmentThe ease of access to our place’s intrinsic opportunities and essential The ease of access to our place’s intrinsic opportunities and essential

services and infrastructures services and infrastructures

The nature of our job and our personal lifeThe nature of our job and our personal life

This presentation, refers to the above qualities of a This presentation, refers to the above qualities of a place, as the place's place, as the place's 'psychological rewards''psychological rewards'. .

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‘Psychological Rewards’/cont

The creativity of a place is a reflection of what Buswell (1983) named The creativity of a place is a reflection of what Buswell (1983) named [as a metaphor] the place's [as a metaphor] the place's 'psychological rewards'psychological rewards', an asset of a ', an asset of a place endeavoring to perform as one place endeavoring to perform as one labeledlabeled by Malecki (1980) as aMalecki (1980) as a white collarwhite collar environment of a environment of a postindustrial ambiencepostindustrial ambience. .

Florida's Florida's creative environmentcreative environment is a large urban agglomeration, is a large urban agglomeration, competing for highly mobile talented people by adopting competing for highly mobile talented people by adopting competitive competitive andand creative creative goals, and noticed by its three goals, and noticed by its three TsTs: :

Talent - the creative human capital, those who engage in creative work.

Technology - the level of the place's high-tech innovative activity.

Tolerance - the qualities of a place as liberal and tolerant, both vital for attracting talented people capable of generating new ideas.

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‘Psychological Rewards’ and ‘Creative AgenciesPsychological Rewards’ and ‘Creative Agencies’

The concept of psychological rewards is more inclusive than that of Florida's tolerance. It contains, in addition to human and social attributes, a variety of physical, cultural, and service attributes.

It reflects the diversified qualities of the place’s creative agents including:

The affluent (the supper rich and TCC)

The skilled managers and professional experts who form the quinary and the quaternary sectors and run [for the affluent) the nation’s globally oriented economy.

The providers (human and institutions) of public and private services - - in education, health and community, cultural and leisure services.

The place’s cultural creators and performers.

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‘Psychological Rewards’, ‘Creative Psychological Rewards’, ‘Creative Ambience’ and the ‘First CityAmbience’ and the ‘First City’’

A symbiosis between the A symbiosis between the creative agentscreative agents of a place and the place's of a place and the place's psychological rewards, psychological rewards, a requisite for a postindustrial a requisite for a postindustrial 'white collar''white collar' environment, is vital for leveraging urban growth. environment, is vital for leveraging urban growth.

Such a symbiosis, is best revealed in the context of a 'First City’ (Hall Such a symbiosis, is best revealed in the context of a 'First City’ (Hall and Pain, 2006), usually a ‘and Pain, 2006), usually a ‘World CityWorld City’, possessing the needed ’, possessing the needed entry entry thresholdsthresholds** for a vast range of for a vast range of psychological rewards. psychological rewards.

A First City, A First City, a favorable place of activity for the a favorable place of activity for the affluent andaffluent and their their skilled labor ofskilled labor of the the quinary quinary and and quaternaryquaternary sectors, is apt to host sectors, is apt to host a a creative ambient creative ambient endowed withendowed with ample amounts ofample amounts of ‘‘Psychological Psychological RewardsRewards’. ’.

*Other concepts of the Other concepts of the Central Place TheoryCentral Place Theory are at work: they are are at work: they are thethe range of good, nesting, multiple range of good, nesting, multiple activity, node.activity, node.

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[1]

Greater Tel AvivGreater Tel Aviv, , Israel’s ‘First City’ and a “WorldIsrael’s ‘First City’ and a “World

CityCity’’A syndrome of spatial A syndrome of spatial

dominationdominationGreater Tel Aviv Greater Tel Aviv

““a huge head with no mass a huge head with no mass [body]"[body]"

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Greater Tel Aviv Dominance

ActivityActivityTel Tel AvivAviv

Rest of Rest of MeropMerop..

Greater Greater Tel AvivTel Aviv

Rest of Rest of IsraelIsrael

AbroadAbroad

Advance producers servicesHeadquarters of financial Inst.LawyersLawyers serving the Global econ.AccountantsAdvertising firmsSpecialized physicians

707037376969292932322828

143316443752

848470708585737369698080

163015273120

Hi-Tech firmsFive star hotels (not in tourist areas)

16165353

5416

70706969

3031

Elite groupsEconomically influential - workInfluential women - WorkIsraeli Rich ($100 Million+) HomeIsraeli Rich ($100 Million+) HQ

5858595922223838

28276050

8686868682828888

141484

108

CultureGalleriesTheatersPainters and sculpturesStage performers

48485353

1015

5858686876768989

42322411

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The Skyline of Tel Aviv

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Employees by occupation in Israel’s major citiesEmployees by occupation in Israel’s major cities

מועסקים לפי משלח יד בערים הגדולות באחוזים ב - 2005.

0

5

10

15

20

Academicprofessionals

Associateprofessioals &

technicians

Mangers Sales & servicew orkers

Skilled w orkers Unskilledw orkers

All the rest

משלח יד עיקרי

םזי

חוא

Tel Aviv

Haifa

Jerusalem

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Population Ratios by Age Group Population Ratios by Age Group and Region 2005/1996and Region 2005/1996

Age groupAge groupTel Aviv Tel Aviv CityCity

Inner Inner

RingRing

Outer Outer

RingRing

The The MetropolisMetropolis

All All IsraelIsrael

0-41.091.021.411.241.22

5-240.870.921.191.071.14

25-291.271.071.391.271.29

30-3430-341.561.561.181.181.511.511.421.421.331.33

35-641.061.051.371.221.26

65+0.970.971.141.381.381.201.201.271.27

Total population

1.061.031.321.181.22

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Internal Migration Balance Internal Migration Balance 2004 &20052004 &2005

District & City20042005

Tel Aviv CityTel Aviv City

Tel Aviv DistrictTel Aviv District

Central DistrictCentral District

Hadera Sub DistrictHadera Sub District

11.911.9

0.20.2

7.97.9

2.22.2

9.99.9

0.70.7

6.96.9

2.82.8

Haifa Sub District

Haifa City

-4.0

-8.1

-2.8

-8.8

Jerusalem District

Jerusalem City

-5.3

-9.5

-5.4

-8.2

Israel

Israel’s Urban Settlements

--

-0.4

--

-05

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‘‘First CityFirst City’ dominance - examples’ dominance - examples

Total Total employmentemployment

Employment Employment in APSin APS

APS as % of the APS as % of the employedemployed

BrusselsBrussels

% %of totalof total

690,172690,172

46%46%

114,817114,817

6161

1717

Finance & Finance & insuranceinsurance

DesignDesignLawLawLogisticsLogisticsAll All the the restrest

Total Total employmentemployment

DublinDublin

% of total% of total

392392

93%93%

7373

94%94%

5353

79%79%

5050

93%93%

7777

94%94%

645645

89%89%

Total employed out Total employed out of All FURsof All FURs

Employed in APSEmployed in APS

out of All FURsout of All FURs

ZurichZurich

% 0f total% 0f total

676,000676,000

48.548.5

139,000139,000

61.061.0

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First CityFirst City’ dominance – examples/ ’ dominance – examples/ contcont..

Population Population as % of total as % of total HollandHolland

Global Global firms as % firms as % of total of total HollandHolland

Employed in Employed in APS as % of APS as % of total Hollandtotal Holland

Amsterdam + suburbsAmsterdam + suburbs

For major Randstad CitiesFor major Randstad Cities

5.45.4

14.714.7

68.068.0

88.088.0

11.111.1

21.921.9

Paris Paris CityCity

Inner Inner RingRing

Second Second RingRing

Third Third RingRing

All Paris All Paris RegionRegion

Percent of Percent of Employed in APSEmployed in APS

Yeary increase of Yeary increase of employment in employment in APS 1982-1999APS 1982-1999

4242

- 0.3- 0.3

4141

4.14.1

3131

5.35.3

2222

2.22.2

3232

2.12.1

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Origins and Origins and DestinationsDestinations of Train of Train Commuters Commuters at the end of 2005at the end of 2005

Train Commuters by Region of Destination end of 2005

Tel Aviv City42%

Hadera5%

Haifa and the North19%

Jerusalem & the South6%

Rest of Tel Aviv Metropolis

28%

Train Commuters by Region of Origin end of 2005

Rest of Tel Aviv Metropolis

34%

Jerusalem & the South

14%

Haifa and the North32%

Hadera7%

Tel Aviv City13%

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Scientists, Professionals & Menagers: Train Commuters by Region of Origin

end of 2005

Haifa and the North19%

Hadera21%

Tel Aviv City21%

Rest of Tel Aviv Metropolis

19%

Jerusalem & the South

20%

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Schematic layout for a City Dyads Schematic layout for a City Dyads structure along Israel’s coaststructure along Israel’s coast

Extended hinterlands- labor catchment areas Extended hinterlands- labor catchment areas of Tel Aviv and Haifa - - the anchors of of Tel Aviv and Haifa - - the anchors of a possible City Dyads structure of a World City a possible City Dyads structure of a World City

Greater Tel Aviv the hard core of Israel’sGreater Tel Aviv the hard core of Israel’sadvanced labor market advanced labor market

Feeder bus stations and the rail line are Feeder bus stations and the rail line are the backbones of the City Dyads structurethe backbones of the City Dyads structure

Greater Haifa, is viewed as an Greater Haifa, is viewed as an ‘opportunity absorber’ anchor of the coastal ‘opportunity absorber’ anchor of the coastal ‘World City’ structure.‘World City’ structure.

Beer Sheva, a second stage candidate Beer Sheva, a second stage candidate

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The Inherent Potentials of The Inherent Potentials of HaifaHaifa

to Evolve into a Second Anchor to Evolve into a Second Anchor of Israel’s of Israel’s World CityWorld City

A Port

Energy

Recearch Centers

Industry

HealthCenters

Hi-Tech

AcademicInstitutions

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Thanks for your Thanks for your

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