1 PRINCIPLE & CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS. 2 HYDRAULIC PUMPS PRINCIPLE CHARACTERISTICS TYPES...
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Transcript of 1 PRINCIPLE & CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS. 2 HYDRAULIC PUMPS PRINCIPLE CHARACTERISTICS TYPES...
1
PRINCIPLE & CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLE & CONSTRUCTION
OF OF
HYDRAULIC PUMPSHYDRAULIC PUMPS
2
HYDRAULIC PUMPS
PRINCIPLE
CHARACTERISTICS
TYPES OF PUMPS
COMPARISON OF
PUMPS
TROUBLE SHOOTING
3
PUMP - PRINCIPLE
THE PRINCIPLE OF A HYDRAULIC PUMP IS TO CONVERT MECHANICAL ENERGY INTO HYDRAULIC ENERGY.
THIS IS ACHIEVED BY GENERATING AN INCREASED VOLUME DURING INTAKE AND DECREASED VOLUME ON THE DELIVERY SIDE.
5
PUMP CHARACTERISTICS
• FLOW RATING
• PRESSURE RATING
• VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY
• NOISE LEVEL
• CONTAMINATION LEVEL ALLOWED
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TYPES OF PUMPS
NON POSITIVEDISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
GEAR PUMP VANE PUMP
ROTARY
AXIAL PISTONPUMP
RADIAL PISTONPUMP
RECIPROCATORY
POSITIVEDISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
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NON POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
INLETEYE
IMPELLER BLADES
OUTLET
OUTLET DIFFUSER
IMPELLER
PROPELLER
INLET
AXIAL (PROPELLER ) TYPE
CENTRIFUGAL ( IMPELLER ) TYPES
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SINGLE VANE PUMP
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SINGLE VANE PUMP
DISCHARGE PORTSIDE PLATE
SHAFT
SUCTION PORT
BOLT
PRESSURE PLATESUCTION
ROTOR
DELIVERY
CAM RING VANE
Graphical Symbol
10
CARTRIDGE
PRESSURE PLATESIDE PLATE
CAM RING
LOCATING PINBOLT
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VARIATION IN VANE PUMP DISPLACEMENT
CAMRING
ROTOR
“THROW” WIDTH
12
BALANCED VANE PUMP
INLET
OUTLET
INLET
DRIVE SHAFT
ROTOR
OUTLET
VANE
CAMRING
ROTATIONOUTLET
INL
ET
ROTATION
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VANE PUMP - TYPICAL PUMP CHARACTERISTICS
Pressure0 35 140 21017510570
10
0
30
20
0
10
kW HP
Inpu
t Pow
erOut
put F
low
L/min7570
30
3020
40
50
60
40
1200 r/min
1000 r/min
1500 r/min
1800 r/min
Kgf / Cm2
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VANE PUMP - TYPICAL PUMP CHARACTERISTICS
1200 r/min
1000 r/min
0 35 140 21017510570
Noi
se L
evel
60
55
50
45
65dB(A)
Pressure
PV2R2-41
Kgf / Cm2
Noise Level [One metre (3.3 ft.) horizontally away from pump head cover]
NOISE LEVEL
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DOUBLE VANE PUMP
DELIVERYSUCTION
DELIVERY
CARTRIDGE - 1 CARTRIDGE - 2Graphic Symbol
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EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP
INLET
OUTLET
DRIVE GEARDRIVEN GEAR
17
EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP
INLET
OUTLET
18
LOBE PUMP
19
INTERNAL GEAR PUMP
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SINGLE PUMPS
DISCHARGE PORT
ROTOR
PRESSURE PLATESUCTION PORT
SIDE PLATE
WAVE WASHER
SHAFT
CAM RING
VANE
PROPORTIONAL PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE
Graphical Symbol
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VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMPS
SHAFT
YOKE
SWASH PLATE
PIVOT
CONTROL PISTON
DRAIN PORTSPOOL
FLOW ADJ. SCREW
DISCHARGE PORT
SUCTION PORT
PISTON ASSEMBLY
PRESSURE ADJ. SCREW
FILLING PORT PLUG
CYLINDER BLOCK
Graphical Symbol
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CYLINDER BLOCK ASSEMBLY
PIVOT
WASHER
SLIPPER RETAINER
CYLINDER BLOCK
WASHER
SPRING
WASHER
RETAINING RING
PISTON ASSEMBLY
PIN (3 pcs.)
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CYLINDER BLOCK ASSEMBLY
PORT PLATE
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VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMPS( AT FULL CUT - OFF )
.
PRESSURE COMPENSATOR TYPE
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VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMPS PRESSURE COMPENSATOR CONTROL
SPOOL
PRESSURE ADJUSTMENT SCREW
DELIVERY ADJUSTMENT SCREW
YOKEINLET
OUTLET
Suction Cycle
Discharge Cycle
OPERATING PISTON
Section A-AIN
OUT
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VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMPS PRESSURE COMPENSATOR CONTROL
IN
OUT
OPERATING PISTON
INLET
OUTLET
Suction Cycle
Discharge Cycle
Section A-A
A
A
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VARIATION IN PUMP DISPLACEMENT
MAXIMUM SWASH
PLATE ANGLE
( MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT )
DECREASED SWASH
PLATE ANGLE
( PARTIAL DISPLACEMENT )
ZERO SWASH
PLATE ANGLE
( ZERO DISPLACEMENT )
STROKE LENGTH
STROKE LENGTH
NO STROKE
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SWASH PLATE CAUSES PISTON TO RECIPROCATE
DRIVE SHAFT
SWASH PLATE
SHOE PLATE
PISTON SUB-ASSEMBLY
CYLINDER BLOCK BORE
VALVE PLATE SLOT
INLET PORT
OUTLET PORT
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VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMP - TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Typ e "A R 1 6 " 2 V is cos ity 2 0 m m /s (10 0 S S U ) [IS O V G 3 2 O ils, 50 °C (1 22 °F )]
Eff
icie
ncy
100
80
60
kW8
6
420
HP1210
420
68
Inpu
t Pow
er
% N=1500 r/min
30
10
0
20
Out
put F
low
L/min
0 40 80 120 160
Pressure
Input Power
Output Flow
Volumetric EfficiencyOverall Efficiency
Performance Characteristic Curve
Kgf/Cm2
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VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMP - TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
kW
12
10
4
2
0
6
8
Inpu
t Pow
er
HP 10
4
2
0
6
8
0 5 10 15 25L/min
Output Flow20 30
N=1500 r/min
P= 140P= 120
P= 100P=80P=60P=40P=20P= 7
P=Kgf / Cm2
Input Power
Typ e "A R 1 6 " 2 V is cos ity 2 0 m m /s (10 0 S S U ) [IS O V G 3 2 O ils, 50 °C (1 22 °F )]
0 8040 160120
Full Cut-off PressureF
ull C
ut-o
ff P
ower
kW2.0
1.5
0
1.0
HP1.5
0
0.5
1.0
0.51500 r/min
1800 r/min
Full Cut-off Power
Kg / Cm2
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VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMP - TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Typ e "A R 1 6 " 2 V is cos ity 2 0 m m /s (10 0 S S U ) [IS O V G 3 2 O ils, 50 °C (1 22 °F )]
DrainNoise Level [One metre (3.3 ft.) horizontally away from pump head cover]
1.5
0
0.5
1.0
2.0
0 8040 160120
Pressure
Full Cut-off
Full Flow
N=1800 r/min
N=1500 r/min
1500,1800 r/min
Dra
in
L/min
Kgf / Cm2
Full Cut-off
Full Flow
Pressure
0 8040 160120
dB(A)80
50
60
70
40
Noi
se L
evel
N=1500 r/min
Kgf / Cm2
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BENT AXIS PISTON PUMP
PISTON
PISTON ROD UNIVERSAL LINK
CYLINDER BLOCK
FROM INLETTO OUTLET
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COMPARISON OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS
TYPE VANE PUMP GEAR PUMP PISTON PUMP
WorkingPrinciple
VaryingVolumebetween theVane &Camring
ShiftingVolume
surrounded bygear grooves &casing.
VaryingVolume byreciprocatingPistons.
AverageEfficiency
High Low except forpressureloading type.
Highest amongthree types.
Wear &Efficiency
Does notdecrease sincewearing ofcamring or
vane can becompensated
Decreases withWear
Decreases withWear
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COMPARISON OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS
T Y P E V A N E P U M P G E A R P U M P P I S T O N P U M P
S e n s i t i v i t y t od u s t
S e n s i t i v e t or e l a t i v e l ys m a l l d u s tp a r t i c l e s , b u tl e s s a f f e c t e dt h a n p i s t o nt y p e .
L o w p r e s s u r et y p e i s l e s sa f f e c t e d , w h i l et h e p r e s s u r el o a d i n g t y p e i ss e n s i t i v e .
M o s t s e n s i t i v es i n c ec o m p o n e n t sa r e a s s e m b l e dw i t h s m a l lc l e a r a n c e
A p p l i c a b i l i t y o fv a r i a b l e
d i s p l a c e m e n tt y p e
P o s s i b l e N o t P o s s i b l e P o s s i b l e
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COMPARISON OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS
T Y P E V A N E P U M P G E A R P U M P P I S T O N P U M P
L i f e o fB e a r i n g
B e a r i n g l i f e i sv e r y l o n gb e c a u s ep r e s s u r eb a l a n c i n g t y p ei s u s e d w h i c hd o e s n o t a p p l yl o a d t o b e a r i n g .L o a d i s a p p l i e dt o b e a r i n g i nc a s e o fv a r i a b l e t y p e .
L i f e i s s h o r tb e c a u s e a l a r g ea m o u n t o f l o a di s a p p l i e d .
A l a r g e a m o u n to f l o a d i s b e i n ga p p l i e d t ob e a r i n g s .M o r e b e a r i n g sa r e g e n e r a l l yu s e d .
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COMPARISON OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS
T Y P E V A N E P U M P G E A R P U M P P I S T O N P U M PD e t e r i o r a t i o n o fE f f i c i e n c y
E f f i c i e n c y d o e sn o t d e t e r i o r a t ed u r i n g t h es e r v i c e l i f e o fm o v i n g p a r t sb e c a u s e o f w e a rc o m p e n s a t i n gt y p e .
D e t e r i o r a t e s a sm o v i n g p a r t sw e a r .
A l m o s t s a m e a sg e a r p u m p .
N o i s e N o i s e i sg e n e r a l l y l o w .B u t s i n g l e s t a g eh i g h p r e s s u r ep u m p m a k e m o r en o i s e .
G e n e r a l l y h i g h . L o w N o i s e .
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COMPARISON OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS
TYPE PRESSUREDISCHARGEMAX. SPEED OVERALLEFFICIENCY
(Kgf/Cm2) ( L / min ) ( rpm ) ( % )
GEAR PUMP 20 ~ 210 7 ~ 570 1800~7000 75 ~ 90
VANE PUMP 20 ~ 210 2 ~ 950 2000~4000 75 ~ 90
AXIALPISTONPUMP
70 ~ 350 2 ~ 1700 600 ~ 6000 85 ~ 95
RADIALPISTONPUMP
50 ~ 250 20 ~ 700 700 ~ 1800 80 ~ 92
40
TROUBLE SHOOTINGPRESSURE NOT DEVELOPING
CHECK DIRECTION OF PUMPROTATIONCONDITION OF OIL SURFACE( COLOUR WHITE / YELLOW )
SIZE OF SUCTION STRAINER
CHECK PRESSURE CONTROLVALVECHECK CARTRIDGE FORDAMAGENOISE
CAVITATION WRONG ALIGNMENT
MECHANICAL VIBRATION HIGH FREQUENCY NOISE
HARMONIC NOISEFROM TANK SURFACE/ PIPE MANIFOLDCONDITION OF OIL ( AIRBUBBLES / COLOUR OF OILWHITE OR YELLOW )