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Transcript of 1 Preparing for the written paper (or 12 tips to success) 1 st July 2003 Brian Russell Chief...
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Preparing for the written paper (or 12 tips to success)
1st July 2003
Brian Russell
Chief Examiner
Principal Moderator
GCSE Product Design
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Tip 1 – Be equipped
You will need:
• Blue or black pen (take a spare)• Pencil (take a sharpener)• Coloured pencils (a range)• 300mm Ruler• Eraser
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Tip 2 – Pace yourself
Don’t rush
• Read the questions carefully
• Spend approximately a minute per mark
Don’t waste time
• Don’t use colour until you have completed the written questions
• Improve drawings if time allows
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Tip 3 – Materials/components• Where do materials come from?• How are materials classified (grouped)?• What are components and why are they used?
Know about paper/card:• Where it comes from• How it is made• How products are cut from paper/card
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Making Paper
Trees cut & shredded
Water added
Boiled up to make wood pulp
Chemicals and dyes added
Pulp poured over fine mesh and squeezed between rollers
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Cutting Paper/card
Die-cutting(creasing done with rounded blade)
I Cut – Die Cut
PlywoodFoam layer
Card to be cut
Blade
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Tip 4 - New ProductsWhere do ideas come from?
Nature, geometry, other products…..
Can you name a designer?
Can you explain why their products
are successful?
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Tip 5 – Product evolution
Why do products change over time?
• New materials
• New manufacturing methods
• New technologies
• Social changes
• Fashions/trends
• Legislation
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Continuous improvementManufacturers need to keep improving their products to stay competitive or to meet changing regulation/legislation.• Production staff• Consumer/retailer feedback• Maintenance engineers• Pressure groups (environment)• Financial savings…….
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Tip 6 – PackagingThe purpose of packaging is to:
Protect
Inform
Contain
Transport
Preserve
Display
I PICT PD
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Food packaging• Materials (food grade)
• Composite materials
• Spillage
• Security
• Hygiene
• Insulation
• Legal requirements
• How are they made?
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Graphics
• Clear text
• Simple bold images
• Impact
• Can you explain how the artwork would be done using a computer?
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Labelling
Key information found on labelling
Includes:
• Product name
• Description
• Safety information
• Contents
• Storage/maintenance information
• Environmental information
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Tip 7 – Human factors• Anthropometrics• Ergonomics• Improving comfort• Working triangles• Special groups• Adjustment for different sizes
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Tip 8 – Product maintenance
• Symbols found on a range of products and their packaging/labelling
• Maintenance schedules
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Tip 9 - Consumer Protection
• BSI Kite Marks
• European Standards
(Conformité Europeenne)
• Trade association standards
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Tip 10 - Manufacturing
• Preparation of materials
• Industrial manufacturing processes
• Use of labour
• Quality Assurance/Quality Control
• Implications of ICT
• Scales of production
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Your own manufacturing
Ensure that you can explain:
• How you would make models and prototypes
• The tools you would use
• Use of quality control
• Manufacturing aids (e.g. jigs)
• Making in quantity
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Commercial manufacturing
Materials are processed using:
• Moulding/casting
• Forming
• Wastage/separation
• Conditioning
• Assembling
• Finishing
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Health & safety
Consider:
• Your own safety when making
• The user’s safety
• Manufacturing processes
• Manufacturing waste
• Risk Assessment
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Tip 11 – CAD/CAM
• Computer Aided Design
• Computer Aided Manufacture
Advantages:
• Sharing information
• Accuracy
• Repeatability
• Flexibility (ease of making changes)
• Speed……
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Computer Aided Manufacture
• Printers
• Vinyl cutters
• Milling/engraving machines
• Routers
• Lathes
• Laser-cutters
• Embroidery machines
• Rapid prototyping
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Inkjet & laser printers
• Used for one-offs/prototypes
• Small print runs
• Large areas
• Direct onto fabrics/carpets
• Transfer printing
• Sublimation printing
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Vinyl cutters• Signs (especially vehicles)
• Graphics on prototypes
• Iron-on vinyl (T shirts)
• Labels for prototypes
• Card nets for prototypes
• Masks for stencilling/sandblasting
• Decoration on ceramics
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Milling/engraving machines• Cutting flat (2D) shapes in rigid
materials
• Engraving copper board for electronics
• Signage name plaques etc.
• Raised forms (3D)
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Routers
• Used mainly on timber (MDF) and rigid foams
• 3 axis – partial 3D
• 4 axis – turns material
to get full 3D
• 5 axis – full 3D,
much better detail
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Rapid Prototyping
Prototype built up layer by layer –
Stereo lithography
• 3D printing
• 3D layering