1 Predicate Actants Valency-controlled by Arabic verbs Presented by Dina EL KASSAS Paris VII...
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Transcript of 1 Predicate Actants Valency-controlled by Arabic verbs Presented by Dina EL KASSAS Paris VII...
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Predicate Actants Valency-controlled by
Arabic verbsPresented by Dina EL KASSASParis VII University, FranceMiniya University, Egypt
The Second International AUC OXF Conference on Languages and Linguistics
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Overview
Theoretical framework Syntactic functions Arabic complex predicate syntactic structure Conclusion Perspective
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Theoritical FrameworkTheoritical Framework
Semantic Representation
ssyynntthheesisiss
mmuultltiissttrraattaall
Deep Syntactic Representation
Surface Syntactic Representation
Deep Morphological Representation
Surface Morphological Representation
Meaning Text Theory
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Surface Syntactic Representation (SSyntR)
(Part of speech)
(Part of speech(Part of speech)
flexionnel categories
flexionnel categories
surface syntactic relation (SSyntR)
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Exampleʔʔakala ‘ate’akala ‘ate’
(V) Voice: activeMode: indicativeTense: past
tuffahat ‘appel’(N) Def: indefNum: singular
walad ‘boy’(N) Def: defNum: singular
subject dir-obj
ʔakala al+walad+u tuffahat+a+n(V)PAST DEF+(N)+NOM (N)+ACC+INDEF‘The boy ate an apple.’
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SSyntRel controlled by verb valency
1) Subject2) Propositional Subject3) Direct object4) Indirect object5) Pseudo object6) Oblique object I7) Oblique object II
8) Prépositionnel Agent9) Quotative complement10) Attribute11) Copredicate subject12) Copredicate object13) Propositionnel object I14) Propositionnel object II
Actancial relationsActancial relations
Circonstancial relationsCirconstancial relations15) Circonstanciel complement 16) Circonstanciel aspect complement
Other RelationsOther Relations17) Adjonctionnel relation18) Parenthetic relation
19) Proleptic relation20) Relation of reduplication
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Grammaticalised biclausal constructions [V1→V2]
(V1)
(V2)
Jonction
(V) Voice : activeMode : indicativeTense :
(V) Voice : activeMode : indicativeTense : (present)
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Some grammaticalised jonctions
Kaana_V VStatic_V Vphase_V VPCU_V Vmodal_V Inna_V V_Vsubordinate
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Verbal jonctionnel SSyntRel
kaana
(N)(V)
(PRO)
Verbal jonctionnel
(V) Voice : active, Mode : indicative, Tense :
(V) Voice : active, Mode : indicative, Tense :
subject
subject
kaana al+ʔatfaal+ujalʕabuun {humu}
(V)PAST DEF+(N)PL+NOM (V)PRESENT (PRO)
was les enfants play {they}
‘Children was playing.’ ( يلعبون األوالد (كان
Kaana_V
«[kaana NS1]P1 [V PROS2]P2 »
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Some asyndetic grammaticalised jonctions
Kaana_V VStatic_V Vphase_V VPCU_V Vmodal_V Inna_V V_Vsubordinate
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Attributive SSyntRelʔamsaa
(N)(V)
(PRO)
Attributive
(V) Voice : active, Mode : indicative, Tense :
(V) Voice : active, Mode : indicative, Tense :
subject
subject
ʔamsaa al+ʔatfaal+ujalʕabuun {humu}
(V)PAST DEF+(N)PL+NOM (V)PRESENT (PRO)pass the night les enfants play {they}‘Children passed the night playing.’ ( يلعبون األوالد (أمسى
Vstatic_V
«[ʔamsaa NS1]P1 [V PROS2]P2 »
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Other examplesasbaha al+ʔawlaad+u jalʕabuun {humu}
(V)PAST DEF+(N)+NOM (V)PRESENT {PRO}
pass the morning children play {they}
Økaana al+ʔawlaad+u jalʕabuun {humu}
kaana al+ʔawlaad+u jalʕabuun {humu}
adhaa al+ʔawlaad+u jalʕabuun {humu}
baata al+ʔawlaad+u jalʕabuun {humu}
Vstatic_V
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A particularity of kaana
kaana al+ʔawlaad+ujamsuun {humu} jalʕabuun {humu}
‘Children was spending night playing.’ ( يلعبون يمسون األوالد@ (كان
kaana
(N)(V)
(PRO)
Verbal jonctionnel
(V) Voice : active, Mode : indicative, Tense :
subject
subject
(V)
attributive
subject
(PRO)
(V) Voice : active, Mode : indicative, Tense: present
(V) Voice : active, Mode : indicative, Tense: present
«[kaana NS1]P1 [Static Verb PROS2]P2 [V PROS3]P3 »
Vstatic_V
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Some asyndetic grammaticalised jonctions
Kaana_V VStatic_V Vphase_V VPCU_V Vmodal_V Inna_V V_Vsubordinate
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Phase verbs in Traditional arabic grammar (TAD) I
TAD mixed together sixteen verbs under the name of kaada and its sisters ( وأخواتها These verbs are categorised .(كادalso as incomplete verbs ( ناقصة They are also called .(أفعالverbs of approximation and strarting. ( المقاربة أفعال .(والشروع
According to the traditional analyse, this group of verbs governed an ʔism ‘a substantive’ in the nominative case and a propositional χabar. The syntactic head of the so-called χabar is a verb in present tense, governing a subjective pronoun corefering with the ʔism. That mean that these verbs has a predicate syntactic actant.
Vphase_V
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Phase verbs in Traditional arabic grammar (TAD) II
According to their semantic, these verbs are subdivised to: Inchoative verbs : e.g. badaʔa, ʔaχaða and qaamaEvaluative verbs: e.g. kaada, a∫rafa, karuba et
aw∫aka ‘nearly’, ‘almost’.Verbs expressing the desir that an action occur
when the opposite is apprehended: e.g. ʕasaa, harij, uχlawlaq ‘on the condition that/ hoping that’.
Vphase_V
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Direct-objectival SSyntRel
and phase verbsA phase verb may governed one of the following syntactic structures:
(V)
subj
(N)
dir-obj
ʔan(CONJ)
conj-sub
(V2)(V)SUBJ
subject
(PRO)
(V)
dir-obj
masdar(Nmasdar)
(V)
dir-obj
(PREP)
prepositionnel
masdar(Nmasdar)
Vphase_V
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But inchoative verbs governed also this construction
Vphase_V
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The [V1→V2] and inchoative verbsObject complement relation
ʔaχaða = ‘start’(V1) Voice : active Mode : indicative Tense : past
subject
zajd
dir-obj-propositionnel 1
juðaakiru = ‘study’(V2) Voice : active Mode : indicative Tense : presentsubject
(PRO)
ʔaχaða zajd+u+n juðaakiru {huwa}(V)PAST (N)+NOM+INDEF (V)PRESENTstart Zayd study {he}‘Zayd start studying.’ ( يذاكر Rزيٌد (اخذ
(N)
Vphase_V
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Another Exampleʔaqbala1 | qaama1 al+ʔawlaad+u jaʕmaluun
{humu}
(V)PAST DEF+(N)+NOM (V)PRESENT
Start children work (they)
‘Children start working.’ ( يعملون | األوالد قام (أقبل
vsvs
ʔaqbala2 | qaama2 al+ʔawlaad+u
(V)PAST DEF+(N)+NOM
Came nearer | stand up children
‘Children came nearer |stant up.’ ( األوالد| قام (أقبل
Vphase_V
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Some asyndetic grammaticalised jonctions
Kaana_V VStatic_V Vphase_V VPCU_V Vmodal_V Inna_V V_Vsubordinate
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Valency of PCU verbs
By PCU verbs, we refere to the group named zanna ‘estimate’ and its sisters ( وأخواتها (ظنand the group called ʔaraa ‘see’ and its sisters ( وأخواتها .(أرى
Verbe PCU
(V2)
dir-obj propositionnel 2
(V) Voice: xMode: y, Tense: z
(V) Voix: indicativeMode: y’, Tense: z’
ʔanna(PREPé)
(PRO)
prolepse
Prep-evidentiality
(N)
VPCU_V
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The construction [V1→V2] and PCU verbs
juðaakiru
prolepse
ʔanna (PRO)
prep-evidentiality
walad
hasiba
Dir-obj-prop2
ʔanna
subject
(PRO)
copredicate
(V3)
Dir-obj
(N)PL, DEF
(PRO)
(V1)
Dir-obj-prop2
(V2)
hasiba zajd+u+n ʔanna al+ʔawlaad+a juðaakiruun {humu}(V)PAST(N)+NOM+INDEF (PREPe) DEF+(N)+ACC (V)PRESENT (PRO)thought Zayd about children study {they}‘Zayd thought children was studying.’ ( يذاكرون األوالد أن زيٌد (حسب
(V1)
(N)PL, DEF
(V2)
hasiba
juðaakiru walad
Direct-object complement
VPCU_V
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Some asyndetic grammaticalised jonctions
Kaana_V VStatic_V Vphase_V VPCU_V Vmodal_V V_Vsubordinate
Inna_V
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Objective-copredicative
SSyntRtaraktu(V)ind, past
subject
ʔanaa(PRO)1,SG
dir-obj
walad(N,masc)PL,DEF
obj-copred
laʕiba(V)ind, present
subject
huwa(PRO)
taraktu {ʔanaa} al+ʔawlaad+a jalʕabuun {humu}(V1)PAST DEF+(N)+ACC (V2)PRESENTleft {I} les enfants play {they}‘I left children playing.’ ( يلعبون األوالد@ (تركت
Vmodal_V
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Some asyndetic grammaticalised jonctions
Kaana_V VStatic_V Vphase_V VPCU_V Vmodal_V V_Vsubordinate
Inna_V
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A particular subordinated construction
ðaakir {ʔanta} tanʤaha {ʔanta}(V)Imperative (V)Imperative ‘If you study you will success.’‘Study to success.’ ( تنجح (ذاكر
ðaakir = ‘study’(V1) Voice : active Mode : imperative
subject
ʔanta
cicronstancial
tanʤaha = ‘success’(V2) Voice : active Mode : imperative
subject
ʔanta
(N)
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Another example:An indirect speech
[saʔaltu#hu {ʔanaa}]P1 [maaðaa juriidu {huwa}]P2
(V1)PAST#(PRO) (ADV) (V2)PRESENT
asked#him {I} what wants {he}
‘I asked him what did he want.’
‘Je lui ai demandé ce qu’il voulait.’ ( يريٌد ماذا (سألته
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Some asyndetic grammaticalised jonctions
Kaana_V VStatic_V Vphase_V VPCU_V Vmodal_V V_Vsubordinate
Inna_V
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ʔinna’s groupverb or a preposition
inna
subject
(PRO)
copredicate
(V)
dir-obj
(N)
(PRO)
((V)ind, past
ʔinna {huwa} al+ʔawlaad+a ʔakaluu {humu} al+tuffaah+a
(kaʔanna | laʕalla) al+ʔawlaad+a ʔakaluu {humu} al+tuffaah+a
(V)
prolepse
inna
prep-evidential
(N)case = accusative
(PRO)(PREPe)
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Conclusion
Predominance of parataxis aspect in arabic Particular interpropositionnel syntactic relation
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Perspective
An exhaustive inventory of verbs admitting a finite verb as a syntactic actant.
More studies about the parataxis aspect of arabic language.
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Thank you