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Transcript of 1 Pmp Training Cambium
7/26/2019 1 Pmp Training Cambium
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PMP Technical Training
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Product Overview
2
• High-performance point to multipoint wireless
broadband solution.
– Fixed, but can support Nomadic – Layer 2 switch-based system
– Multiple frequency and performance
options, often in the unlicensed spectrum(varies by country)
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Product Overview
3
• High-performance point to multipoint wireless
broadband solution.
– Fixed, but can support Nomadic – Layer 2 switch-based system
– Multiple frequency and performance
options, often in the unlicensed spectrum(varies by country)
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4
Product Overview
• Specific attributes include:
– Point to Multipoint (PMP) system with:
Line-of-Sight system (900 MHz, 2.4 GHz,
5 GHz) Near line-of-sight (900 MHz FSK and
4.9, 5.4, 5.8 GHz OFDM)
– No steady-state degradation with distance or
number of active Remote Modules (within stated
product range)
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PMP Portfolio Specification
Copyright 2012 Cambium Networks, Ltd. All rights reserved. 5
FEATURE PMP 100 PMP 100 PMP 100 PMP 100 PMP 320 PMP 430 PMP 450
FrequencyBands
900 MHz 2.4 GHz 5.1, 5.2, 5.4,5.8, 5.9 GHz
5.8 GHz 3.5,3.6 GHz 5.4, 5.8 GHz 5.4, 5.8 GHz
Maximum
Ethernet
Data Rate
4 Mb/sector
24 Mb/tower
14 Mb/sector
84 Mb/tower
14 Mb/sector
84 Mb/tower
14 Mb/sector
84 Mb/tower
48 Mb/sector
192Mb/tower
50 Mb/sector
200 Mb/tower
90 Mb/sector
1Gbps/tower(dual AP ring)
Maximum
LOS Range 40 mi (64 km)
5 mi / 35 mi[1]
8 km / 56km[1]
2 mi (3 km)
2 mi / 35 mi[1]
3 km/ 56km[1]
24 mi (38 km) 5 mi / 30 mi[1]
8 km / 48 km[1]
5 mi / 30 mi[1]
8 km / 48 km[1]
NLOS
Capability YES NA NA NA YES YES YES
[1] Extended Ranges may require LENS or a Reflector Dish[2] Up to 6 sectors per antenna location – total tower bandwidth is 540 Mbps (multiple frequencies can be deployed on a tower, i .e., Two
rings of Access Points can deliver over 1 Gbps of data)
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Components and options
• Access Point• Access Point Antenna’s
• Access point RF Cables
• Remote Module• Cluster Management Module (CMM)
• Universal GPS
•Power Supplies
• Surge Suppression
• Remote Module Lens/CLIP/Reflectors
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 6
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Overview: PMP 400/430/450 Series Architecture
Operator’s
IP Network
Router
Base Station AP Cluster
(Up to 12)
SS
SS
AP: Access Point SM: Subscriber ModuleSS: – Surge Suppressor IP: Internet Protocol
CMM: Cluster Management Module
CANOP Y
CANOP Y
C A N O P Y
SS
C ANOP Y
SS
CMM
Remote Module
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Overview: PMP 100 Series Architecture
Operator’s
IP Network
CMM
Router
Base Station AP Cluster
SS
SS
AP: Access Point SM: Subscriber ModuleSS: – Surge Suppressor IP: Internet Protocol
CMM: Cluster Management Module
Remote Module
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Components and options – PMP450 AP
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 9
Features
1000BaseT (Gig-E) Interface
IP67 Certified Access Point Housing
90Mbps Data rate
Built-In Surge Suppression on AP
Compatible with All GPS Devices
Quick-Mount Hardware
5470 MHz - 5875 MHz
10 or 20MHz Channels
DES or AES as standard
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Components and options – PMP450 RM
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 10
Features
5470 MHz - 5875 MHz
12Watts power consumption
3-5ms Latency
Diffserve QoS
9dBi intergrated antenna
Quick-Mount Hardware
IP 55
Options
4Mbps, 10Mbps, 20Mbps, and
uncapped versions available
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Components and options – PMP430 AP
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 11
Features
Connectorised AP
Sold with or without 60° x 5° -3 dB
beam with near-in null fill antenna
17dBi gain (90° antenna )
45Mbps Data rate
Compatible with CMM4 (56VDC)
5, 10 or 20MHz Channels
19Watts power consumption
Options
5.4GHz or 5.7GHz hardware
DES or AES encryption
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Components and options – PMP430 RM
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 12
Features
13Watts power consumption
5-7ms Latency
Diffserve QoS
10dBi intergrated antenna
Quick-Mount Hardware
IP 55
Options
5.4GHz or 5.87GHz hardware
4Mbps, 10Mbps, 20Mbps, and
uncapped versions available
DES or AES encryption
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Components and options – PMP400 AP
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 13
Features
Connectorised AP
Sold with or without 60° x 5° -3 dB
beam with near-in null fill antenna
17dBi gain (90° antenna )
20Mbps Data rate
Compatible with CMM4 (56VDC)
4.9GHz hardware
10MHz Channels
19Watts power consumption
Options
DES or AES encryption
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Components and options – PMP400 RM
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 14
Features
4.9GHz hardware
12.5Watts power consumption
5-7ms Latency
Diffserve QoS
10dBi intergrated antenna
20Mbps data rate
IP 55
Options
DES or AES encryption
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Components and options – PMP100 AP
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 15
Features
20MHz Channels
Compatible with All GPS Devices
FSK Modulation
8Watts power consumption
TDD/TDMA
Options
2.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, or 5.9GHz
7 or 14Mbps Data Rate
10 (uPOP) or 200 RM’s
Connectorised or Intergrated
Antenna
DES or AES encryption
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Components and options – PMP100 RM
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 16
Features
20MHz Channels
5-7ms Latency
Diffserve QoS
8Watts power consumption
Diffserve QoS
Options
2.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, or 5.9GHz
2, 7 or 14Mbps Data Rate
Connectorised or Intergrated
Antenna
DES or AES encryption
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Components and options – PMP100 AP
(900MHz)
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 17
Features
902-928MHz
8MHz Channels
Compatible with All GPS Devices
FSK Modulation8Watts power consumption
4Mbps Data rate
Options
Connectorised or Intergrated
Antenna
DES or AES encryption
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Components and options – PMP100 RM
(900MHz)
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 18
Features
902-928MHz
8MHz Channels
<15 ms Latency
FSK Modulation
8Watts power consumption
4Mbps Data rate
Diffserve QoS
Options
Connectorised or Intergrated
Antenna
DES or AES encryption
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Components and options, Reflector
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 19
Features
Installs with specific mounting bracket
Compresses beam to 6° azimuth and
Elevation
Compatibility
PMP100 Intergrated – 5.1, 5.2, 5.4, 5.8, and5.9GHz
PMP430 RM - 5.4, and 5.8GHz
PMP450 Intergrated RM
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Components and options, CLIP
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 20
Features
Snaps onto PMP 100/430/450 Series RMs
Compresses beam to 18° azimuth and Elevation
9dB of Gain @ 5.4GHz for PMP100
8dB of Gain @ 5.4GHz for PMP430/4509dB of Gain @ 5.8GHz for PMP100/450
8dB of Gain @ 5.8GHz for PMP430
Compatibility
PMP100 Integrated – 5.1, 5.2, 5.4, 5.8, and
5.9GHz
PMP430 RM - 5.4, and 5.8GHz
PMP450 RM
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Components and options, LENS
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 21
Features
Snaps onto PMP 100/430/450 Series RMs
Compresses beam to 18° azimuth and Elevation
Compatibility
PMP100 Integrated – 5.1, 5.2, 5.4, 5.8, and
5.9GHz
PMP430 RM - 5.4, and 5.8GHz
PMP450 RM
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Components and options, Brackets
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 22
SMMB1
The SMMB1 provides a mounting solution for
standard radio deployments
Compatibility
PMP100/430/450 RMs
SMMB2
The SMMB2 provides a mounting solution for
heavy duty radio deployments
Compatibility
PMP100/320/400/430/450 RMs
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Components and options, surge suppressors
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 23
200SSB/600SSB
The 200SSB and provides a path to ground that
protects the connected radio equipment from
near miss lightening strikes
Compatibility
200SSB CMM3/4 DC lines
600SSB ALL PMP Models
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Components and options, CMM4 outdoor
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 24
Features
Provides GPS sync and “Power over Ethernet”
(PoE) to up to 8 Access Points
Supplies either 30VDC or 56VDC power
Dual back up power inputs
Connects to GPS antenna
RJ11 aux timing port for GPS slaving
Options
Supplied with our without 14 port switch
Compatibility
PMP100/320/400/430/450 AP’s
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Components and options, CMM4 indoor
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 25
Features
Provides GPS sync and “Power over
Ethernet” (PoE) to up to 8 Access Points
Supples eith 30VDC or 56VDC power
Dual back up power inputs
Connects to GPS antenna
RJ11 aux timing port for GPS slaving
Compatibility
PMP100/320/400/430/450 AP’s
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Components and options, CMM3 outdoor
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 26
Features
Provides GPS sync and “Power over Ethernet”
(PoE) to up to 8 Access Points
Supplies either 30VDC
Managed over Ethernet
Connects to GPS antenna
RJ11 aux timing port for GPS slaving
Compatibility
PMP100/450 AP’s
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Components and options, uGPS
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 27
Features
Cost effect unit to provide GPS sync
Supplied by standard 30VDC
Supples GPS sync via RJ11 timing port
Compatibility
PMP 100/320/400/430/450 access points
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Physical Ports – PMP450 RM
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 28
Ethernet
Ground
Lug
Sync /Default Interface Function
Ethernet
Power-over-Ethernet,Ethernetcommunications(managementand data)
Sync /Default Sync/Alignment/
Default plugport.
Ground Lug(bottom of
unit)
For groundingthe unit
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Physical Ports – PMP400/430 AP
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 29
PortsRJ 45 to Supply Ethernet, Power
and Sync
RJ11 to Default, supply or pass
through Sync.
N Connector for external antenna
Grounding Lug
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Physical Ports – PMP100/430 RM
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 30
Ports
RJ 45 to Supply Ethernet and Power
RJ11 to Default, pass through Sync
and give alignment tone
Optional N Connector for external
antenna on PMP100
Ethernet Sync /
Default
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Physical Ports – PMP100/430 RM
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 31
Ports
RJ 45 to Supply Ethernet and Power
RJ11 to Default, pass through Sync
and give alignment tone
Grounding LugEthernet Sync /
Default
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Physical Ports – PMP100 AP
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 32
Ports
RJ 45 to Supply Ethernet, Power,and Sync
RJ11 to Default, supply or pass
through
Optional N Connector for external
antenna on PMP100
Ethernet Sync /
Default
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Physical Ports - CLIP
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 33
Ports
Snaps onto PMP 100/430/450 Series RMs
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Physical Ports - LENS
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 34
Ports
Snaps onto PMP 100/430/450 Series RMs
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Physical Ports - CMM4 outdoor
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 35
Ports
8 RJ45 Ports that Supply PoE and Sync
8 RJ45 Ports that pass through the Ethernet
from above mapped 1 to 1
RJ45 for ManagmentDual 30VDC Terminal inputs
Dual 56VDC Terminal inputs
N type connecter to GPS
RJ11 aux timing port for GPS slaving
Optional Etherwan Switch with 13 ports
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Physical Ports - CMM4 indoor
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 36
Features
8 RJ45 Ports that Supply PoE and Sync
8 RJ45 Ports that pass through the
Ethernet from above mapped 1 to 1
RJ45 for Managment
Dual 30VDC Terminal inputs
Dual 56VDC Terminal inputs
N type connecter to GPS
RJ11 aux timing port for GPS slaving
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Physical Ports - CMM3 outdoor
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 37
Ports
8 RJ45 10/100BaseT Ethernet powers that can
be switched to supply PoE and GPS Sync or just
Ethernet
30VDC Terminal block input
BNC for GPS input
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Physical Ports - uGPS
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 38
Ports
RJ 11 GPS Timing output 1
RJ45 Power input
RJ 11 GPS Timing output 2
Timing o/p 1
Timing o/p 2Power input
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Quality of service (QoS) – PMP100/400/430/450
• The PMP 100/400/430/450 has 2 levels ofpacket priority which are enable on the RM.
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 39
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Traffic Shaping/Bandwidth Management
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Traffic Shaping/Bandwidth Management
AP Bandwidth Management - Configuration Source
• Use the AP Configuration > General page, Bandwidth ConfigurationSource field:
– SM: Operator is not using the Authentication server withinWireless Manager. The AP should use information defined on theSM Configuration > QoS page.
– Authentication Server: Operator is using the authentication
server within Prizm, and the AP should use the parameters setwithin that tool.
– Radius:- If a SM is authenticated by a Radius server this can passthe bandwidth configuration to the AP
– Authentication Server + SM: Operator is using theauthentication server within Prizm. The AP will first look for abandwidth profile within Prizm; if nothing has been defined forthis SM, then the AP will use the parameters defined on the SMConfiguration>QoS page.
AP: Access Point
SM: Subscriber Module
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Air Interface
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Synchronisation - Why Synchronize APs
• Cambium modules use TDD (Time DivisionDuplexing) to alternate transmissions betweenuplink and downlink
• Cambium RMs use TDMA (Time DivisionMultiple Access) on the uplink frames toresolve contention for accessing the AP
• If one AP were to transmit while another isreceiving, the possibility for interference or de-sensing exists.
• APs must be synchronized to preventinterference and de-sensing.
AP: Access Point
SM: Subscriber Module
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The Need for Synchronization:
Interference Due to non-Synchronization
AP5
AP4 AP3
AP2
AP1 AP6
SM
AP1
AP2
AP3
AP4
AP5
AP6
CMM
Each AP is
transmitting
at a different
time
AP: Access Point
Synchronisation - Why
h
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Synchronization: CMM/uGPS
Reduces System Interference
AP5
AP4 AP3
AP2
AP1 AP6
SM
AP1
AP2
AP3
AP4
AP5
AP6
CMM
Each AP is
transmitting
at the SAME
time
AP: Access Point
Synchronisation - How
h i i lf i f
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Synchronisation - Self interference
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 46
One unsynchronised AP can cause self interference to all others
S h i i Wid
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Synchronisation – Wide area
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 47
GPS Synchronisation
not only synchronises
one cluster but all
clusters in the area
S h i i CMM3/CMM4/ GPS
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• With synchronization, Cambium AP modulesbegin each transmit or receive cycle at the
same time.
1. For APs in a cluster, set Downlink Data Percentand Maximum Range the same for those APs.
2. Use a Cambium the following units to control
synchronization of APs with GPS:-
uGPS
CMM3
CMM4
AP: Access Point
CMM: Cluster Management Module
Synchronisation CMM3/CMM4/uGPS
U i GPS f S h i i
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Using GPS for Synchronization
• The CMM3/4 and uGPS contains a GPS receiver that trackseight or more satellites and derives a precise clock that is usedto synchronize Cambium APs.
• This clock is used to synchronize the transmit/receive cycles ofevery module in your Cambium Wireless Broadband network.
• In addition to precise timing, the GPS receiver providesinformation on the latitude and longitude of the CMM,number of satellites being tracked, number of availablesatellites, and other information to aid in network diagnostics.
AP: Access Point
CMM: Cluster Management Module
S tti Hi h P i it O ti
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Setting High Priority Options
• The High priority option must be enabled on a per-SM basis.
– Use the SM Configuration > Quality of Service page to
enable the high priority channel. Set the Hi Priority Uplink
and Downlink Committed Information Rates (CIR).• When using the high priority channel, configure the
AP with at least 1 control slot, on the Configuration>
Radio page.
SM: Subscriber Module
AP: Access Point
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Security
Ai I t f S it DES
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Air Interface Security - DES
Two Encryption Alternatives DES or FIPS 197AES
• DES – Digital Encryption Standard – A 56-bit key, blockcypher.
– DES provides over-the-air security for transmitted data. – DES is enabled by selecting the appropriate configuration
options in the Configuration> Security page of eachmodule.
– DES encryption and decryption is handled outside normalpacket handling and does not add to system latency oroverhead.
Ai I t f S it AES FIPS 197
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Air Interface Security AES FIPS 197
• Highly secure form of encryption
• Uses a 128-bit key for “strong encryption”
• Optional feature on Cambium products
• PMP100/400/430 Modules must be ordered aseither AES or DES
• PMP450 can be configured with either DES or AES
• Encryption type cannot be changed after purchase
• Limitations on use outside the US
AES: Advanced Encryption Standard
Ethernet Management SecurityNetwork
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`
`
g y
Management – Control Access to SM
• Operators can configure SM so that its IP address is notaccessible to a device attached to the SM’s Ethernet port.
• Effect? – Prevents rogue access to the SM’s management
interface.
• Network operators maintain access to the SM through the
AP.
CPE
B.B.B.3
Switch: B.B.B.2
CPE
B.B.B.4
DMZ
A.A.A.DMZ
Attempted
Management
Traffic Blocked
Ethernet Management Security - Ethernet Access Control
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g y
on SM Configuration > Security
Select “Disable”
to block all
attempts to
manage the SM
using an
Ethernet port
connection.
SM: Subscriber Module
Ethernet Management Security – IP Access Filtering (AP
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g y g (
and SM)
When Enabled,
operators can specify
up to three IP
addresses that are
allowed management
access to the device.
.
AP: Access Point
SM: Subscriber Module
Ethernet Management Security –
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Passwords for Accessing Modules
• Module-specific accounts with passwords can be setup to control access to the modules.
– Default for new modules: admin and root accounts, nopasswords.
– For upgrades from Release 7.x to Release 8, the Full Accessor Display-Only Access password (if one was specified) willbe the password for admin and root accounts.
• For better security, set up a password for root andadmin, and any other accounts added to a module.
Ethernet Management Security
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VLAN - Need For Separated Networks
• A network has several types of traffic: – User Data Traffic
– Management Traffic
– Control Traffic
• Some customers want their User Data Traffic
“separated” from others users
• A “Virtual” Local Area Network (VLAN) can
separate the different traffic types
Ethernet Management Security
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VLAN - Security
• A “Virtual” Local Area Network (VLAN) canseparate the different traffic types and it is
recommended that if customers are using the
network, management traffic for allequipment is on a management VLAN
separate from the user traffic preventing
customers from access equipment settings
Ethernet Management Security –
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VLAN Overview
• Operates at Layer 2 of the IP model• Establishes a logical group within the network.
• Regardless of initial or eventual physical
location, each computer in the VLAN canaccess the same data
• Provides flexibility in network segmentation,
simpler management, and enhanced security.
Ethernet Management Security
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What Is A VLAN?
• Layer 2 (Switch) VLAN specifications: – IEEE 802.1-Standards based
– 802.1q describes the “unique identifier” for each
VLAN
– 802.1p describes different priority levels within a
VLAN
• DiffServ (Layer 3) compatibility with L2 VLANs
is possible through “mapping” of L3-to-L2
priority values
Remote Authentication Security
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Remote Authentication Security
AP’s has the following authentication modes:-
1. Disabled—the AP requires no SMs to
authenticate.
2. Authentication Server AP PreShared Key
3. RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User
Service) AAA -
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 62
Remote Authentication Security
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Remote Authentication Security
The picture tothe right
shows the
configurationpage of the
PMP
100/400/430/
450
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 63
Remote Authentication Security Disabled
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Remote Authentication Security - Disabled
If no authentication is enabled any SM willconnect to the AP and pass traffic.
While this is generally thought of as bad practice
additional security may be in place e.g. requiringPPPoE to authenticate.
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 64
Remote Authentication Security – Pre Shared Key
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Remote Authentication Security – Pre Shared Key
AP PreShared Key
The AP acts as the authentication server to its SMs andwill make use of a user-configurable pre-sharedauthentication key.
The operator enters this key on both the AP and all SMs
desired to register to that AP. There is also an option ofleaving the AP and SMs at their default setting of usingthe “Default Key”.
Due to the nature of the authentication operation, if youwant to set a specific authentication key, then you MUSTconfigure the key on all of the SMs and reboot themBEFORE enabling the key and option on the AP.Otherwise, if you configure the AP first, none of the SMswill be able to register.
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 65
Remote Authentication Security - WM
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Remote Authentication Security - WM
Wireless Manager Authentication ServerThe AP requires any SM that attempts
registration to be authenticated in Wireless
Manager before registration
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 66
Remote Authentication Security - Radius
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Remote Authentication Security - Radius
Remote Authentication Dial In UserService (RADIUS)• The PMP 450 system includes support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication
Dial In User Service) protocol functionality including:
• Authentication: Allows only known SMs onto the network (blocking
“rogue” SMs), and can be configured to ensure SMs are connecting to aknown network (preventing SMs from connecting to “rogue” APs). RADIUSauthentication is used for SMs, but not used for APs.
• SM Configuration: Configures authenticated SMs with MIR (MaximumInformation Rate), High Priority, and VLAN (Virtual LAN) parameters fromthe RADIUS server when an SM registers to an AP.
• SM Accounting provides support for RADIUS accounting messages forusage-based billing. This accounting includes indications for subscribersession establishment, subscriber session disconnection, and bandwidthusage per session for each SM that connects to the AP.
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 67
Remote Authentication Security – Radius cont
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Remote Authentication Security Radius cont..
Remote Authentication Dial In UserService (RADIUS)• Centralized AP and SM user name and password management: Allows AP
and SM usernames and access levels (Administrator, Installer, Technician)to be centrally administered in the RADIUS server instead of on each radio
and tracks access events (logon/logoff) for each username on the RADIUSserver. This accounting does not track and report specific configurationactions performed on radios or pull statistics such as bit counts from theradios. Such functions require an Element Management System (EMS)such as Cambium Wireless Manager. This accounting is not the ability toperform accounting functions on the subscriber/end user/customeraccount.
• Framed-IP-Address: Operators may use a RADIUS server to assignmanagement IP addressing to SM modules.
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 68
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Planning
PMP450 – Network Planning
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Guidelines
Copyright 2012 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 70
RF Planning - Basic Channel Planning
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A
A
C
C B
B
RF Planning - Basic Channel Planning
Synchronization allows frequency re-use!
– 6 sectors: select three non-overlappingfrequencies for AP clusters
– 4 sectors: select two non-overlappingfrequencies for AP clusters
So what about any Guard Band Requirements?
So what about SNR Requirements?
Hang tight.... Latest Guidance is coming....!
A
B A
B
OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
FSK: Frequency Shift Keying
RF Planning – 4 Sectors - Multiple Towers
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RF Planning 4 Sectors Multiple Towers
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Symbol Frequency
A 5.740 GHz
B 5.760 GHz
C 5.780 GHz
D 5.800 GHz
RF Planning – 6 Sectors - Multiple Towers
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RF Planning 6 Sectors Multiple Towers
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Symbol Frequency
A 5.740 GHz
B 5.760 GHz
C 5.780 GHz
RF Planning - Collocation: FSK and OFDM
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RF Planning Collocation: FSK and OFDM
• Plan spacing between OFDM and FSK channels – 25 MHz center spacing (10 MHz guard band)
– OR –
– 3 ft (~1 m) vertical separation and 20 MHz center
spacing (5 MHz guard band)
• Frame Calculator is required for collocation.This is covered in the CPT300 course.
OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
FSK: Frequency Shift Keying
RF Planning - Access Point Module
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• Selectable downlink percentage – Factory default: 75%
– AP is fully configurable, up or down
– Downlink percentage is set on the AP’sConfiguration page
• One AP can provide service for up to200 SMs
• The number of SMs that can besupported by an AP is reduced when
you enable the high priority channelon hardware-scheduled modules
Access Point
modules
or
Downlink %
Uplink %
Up to 200
served SMs
RF Planning Access Point Module
CANOP Y
AP: Access Point
SM: Subscriber Module
RF Pl i Di t / A
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RF Planning - Distance / Area
• To increase capacity/density, AP clusters may belocated closer together.
• A second ring of AP’s canbe added to increase atower capacity to over1Gbps
AP: Access Point
SM: Subscriber Module
Site Survey - Identify General RequirementsStep 1
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Performance Considerations
• What is the geographic area to be covered?• How many subscribers will be served?
• What is the terrain?
• What man-made and natural obstacles exist
(trees, buildings, bodies of water)?
• What other microwave radio services may
present a source of RF interference to your
proposed wireless network?
– Telco point-to-point relays – Competitive wireless service providers
– Pager network modules (900 MHz)
Site SurveyId if S f R di Pl
Step 3
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Identify Structures for Radio Placement
• Tall structures such as buildings, radio towers, watertowers and hills or mountain tops are ideal sites.
• The site must have some source of power: AC, DC,Solar, and emergency backup power (UPS, generator,
batteries).• If the site is not being used as a repeater, some type
of data source must be available: Ethernet/fiber-optic cable, modem/ mux, telco line or wireless
backhaul.
Site Survey - Verify Line of Sight, cont’d S l W t V if Li f Si ht
Step 4
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Several Ways to Verify Line of Sight
• Physically observe the path (driving or flying)
• Measure height of suspect obstructions
• Use maps or software (terrain database, mapping or
topographical)
• Aeronautical charts
• Electronic strobes, flashing mirrors or CDs
• Radio test
• Video camera on a boom
• Weather balloons (colored) or flares
• Never assume the intended path is clear of obstructions!
• See the Appendices for examples of the above-listed methods.
Site Survey – A P t ti l S f I t f
Step 6
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Assess Potential Sources of Interference
• Check for sources of potential interference. These could beother radios, or high energy sources affecting the cables.
• If you suspect interference, sweep the area with a spectrum
analyzer. Check multiple times, at different times of the day.
• The actual performance and range of Cambium Fixed WirelessBroadband PMP equipment can be affected by interference
levels.
– In environments with heavy interference, reflectors or the LENS may
be needed to obtain optimum performance.
Site Survey - Test Proposed Radio LinksStep 7
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S e Su ey es oposed ad o s
• The only way to find out if the radio path willwork is to try it!
• It is not good business practice to provide
service where the signal is reflected off ofobjects or passes through trees unless you
have control over new construction, trees,
repainting of RF reflective surfaces, etc.
Site Survey - Conduct Spectrum AnalysisStep 2
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• Use a Spectrum Analyzer to sweep the proposedcoverage area to determine existing RF activity. – Cambium Remote Modules can be used as spectrum analyzers.
– Cambium Access Points can be temporarily set to operate asSMs, to conduct spectrum analysis.
– From the AP, operators can select a remote RM and conduct atimed duration spectrum analysis.
• Conduct spectrum analysis at several different timesof day for a more complete picture of the RF
environment.
AP: Access Point
SM: Subscriber Module
Site Survey - Spectrum Analysis from the RMStep 2
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• Decide whether to display instant or
average readings.
• Set a timed duration of 10 to 1000seconds, then press the Start TimedSpectrum Analysis button.
• You can also set the SM to perform a 10-second scan every time it boots up.
• You can set the SM to continuously scanuntil stopped or for 24 hours.
SM: Subscriber Module
Remote Spectrum Analysis from the APStep 2
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• From the AP’s Tools> Remote Spectrum Analyzer page,select the target SM and the timed duration, thenselect the Start Remote Spectrum Analysis button.
• The AP de-registers the SM, the SM scans for the setduration, then the SM re-registers to the AP and theAP displays the bar graph.
AP: Access Point
SM: Subscriber Module
Site Survey - Spectrum Analysis Display:Averaged Reading
Step 2
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Averaged Reading
• Green bars show thelatest reading.
• Yellow tick marks showthe maximum reading
over time.• Red tick marks indicatestrong readings(-40 dBm or greater).
• The SpectrumAnalysis.xml
link at the bottom of thegraph will redraw thechart using xml.
Site Survey - Spectrum Analysis Display:Instantaneous Reading
Step 2
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Instantaneous Reading
• Orange bars show theinstantaneous reading.
• Yellow tick marks showthe maximum reading
over time.• Red tick marks indicatestrong readings(-40 dBm or greater).
• The SpectrumAnalysis.xml
link at the bottom of thegraph will redraw thechart using xml.
Regulatory Considerations- DFS History Log
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• Modules running DFS have a Home> DFS Status page,which displays an event history log.
RF Optimisation - PMP Considerations
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p
• In densely populated areas, consider breaking your system into
multiple smaller clusters.
• If allowed and if needed, consider using a LENS or reflector forincreased range / throughput. Follow local regulations on powersettings.
• PMP 100 Series equipment, 2.4 and 5.x GHz, requires line of sight.
• For near or non line of sight:
– Use multiple clusters to achieve LOS
– Use 900 MHz equipment (note different throughput rate)
– Use PMP 400/430/450
• Verify the band and frequency to be used will be free frominterference from other RF sources. (Interference can reducerange.)
PMP: Point to Multipoint LOS: Line of Sight
OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexingFSK: Frequency Shift Keying
RF Optimisation - PMP Design Considerations
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• PMP 100 Series vs. PMP 400/430/450
– Desired range and throughput
– Line of sight or not
– Use of reflector or LENS
– Price points
– Total SMs per AP cluster
– Frequency band available – Interference tolerance
RF Optimisation - Collocation: 5.2 and 5.4 GHz
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• Care must be taken on frequencyplanning when collocating 5.2 and 5.4GHz AP modules.
– Frequencies of 5595 MHz and below caninterfere with closely collocated 5.2 GHzmodules.
AP: Access Point
RF Optimisation - Collocation: FSK and OFDM
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• Plan spacing between OFDM and FSK channels – 25 MHz center spacing (10 MHz guard band)
– OR –
– 3 ft (~1 m) vertical separation and 20 MHz center
spacing (5 MHz guard band)
• Frame Calculator is required for collocation.This is covered in the CPT300 course.
OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
FSK: Frequency Shift Keying
RF Optimisation - Access Point Module
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• Selectable downlink percentage – Factory default: 75%
– AP is fully configurable, up or down
– Downlink percentage is set on the AP’sConfiguration page
• One AP can provide service for up to200 SMs
• The number of SMs that can besupported by an AP is reduced when
you enable the high priority channelon hardware-scheduled modules
Access Point
modules
or
Downlink %
Uplink %
Up to 200
served SMs
CANOP Y
AP: Access Point
SM: Subscriber Module
RF Optimisation - Distance / Area
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RF Optimisation - Distance / Area
• To increase capacity/density, AP clusters may belocated closer together.
•A second ring of AP’s canbe added to increase atower capacity to over1Gbps
AP: Access Point
SM: Subscriber Module
Performance Considerations
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• Evaluate the throughput requirements for your network.
• Plan re-placement of PMP100 to PMP450 equipment to
capitalize on higher throughputs where needed.
• Ensure there are no bottlenecks on the system.
• Determine the appropriate Uplink / Downlink ratio.• Establish high priority settings if necessary.
• Verify line of sight.
• Verify current RF interference levels.
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Installation
Prerequisites—Before you Begin
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• Study and survey of area that is being covered• Any calculations of Elevation angle for
coverage and down tilt
• Survey of structures including power, existinglighting protection, fixings needed and cable
runs
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Lightening Protection
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The need for power surge protection
• Structures, equipment and people must be protectedagainst power surges (typically caused by lightning) byconducting the surge current to ground via a separatepreferential solid path. The actual degree of protectionrequired depends on local conditions and applicable local
regulations. Cambium recommends that PMP 450installation is contracted to a professional installer.
Standards
• Full details of lightning protection methods andrequirements can be found in the international standardsIEC 61024-1 and IEC 61312-1, the U.S. National ElectricCode ANSI/NFPA No. 70-1984 or section 54 of the CanadianElectric Code.
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 97
Lightening Protection – Tower Installation
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Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 98
600SS
Externalground bar
Ground ring
Outdoor CAT5e cable: shielded
with copper-plated steel
Power
supply
Equipment building
Networkswitch
AP
Ground Cable
Tower/building ground system
Cat5e cable
• The equipment must be lower
than the top of the tower or itslightning air terminal.
• The metal tower or mast must
be correctly grounded.
• A grounding kit must be
installed at the first point of
contact between the dropcable and the tower, near the
top.
• A grounding kit must be
installed at the bottom of the
tower, near the vertical to
horizontal transition point. This
grounding kit must be bondedto the tower or tower ground
bus bar (TGB), if installed.
Lightening Protection – Wall installation
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•The equipmentmust be lowerthan the top ofthe building or
its lightning airterminal.
• The buildingmust be
correctlygrounded.
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 99
External
ground bar
Ground cable
Ground ring
Outdoor CAT5e cable: shielded
with copper-plated steel
Power
Supply
Equipment building
Networkswitch
Building ground system
SM
600SS
Cat5e cable
Cable RecommendationShielded CAT5!
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Shielded CAT5!
To minimize the possibility of performance
problems that may be caused by external
sources of interference, it is strongly
recommended that shielded CAT5 cable
(Ethernet and sync) be used in all Cambium
Fixed Wireless Broadband installations.
Cabling - Cabling Design Considerations
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• Ethernet cables cannot exceed 100 meters (328 feet)in length.
• RJ-11 “default/override” plug cable cannot exceed
100 meters (328 feet) in length.
• GPS antenna cable cannot exceed 30 meters (100feet) in length.
• Be careful when constructing power over CAT-5
cables. A mis-wire can permanently damagemodules!
Antenna Alignment - AP Alignment
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• Access Point alignment involves using a local or
topographical map to determine which direction one
or more APs in a cluster will be aimed to cover a
specific sector in a community.
• Depending on the angle both Azimuth and Elevationshould be considered when choosing the correct
antenna.
• Depending on the height of the AP cluster above the
local terrain, it may be required to calculate a degreeof downtilt and Elevation.
AP Alignment
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• A compass, GPS or similar device can be used toproperly aim an Access Point.
• Once the Access Point has been positioned, lock the
module down.
• Remote Modules are then aligned to their respectiveAP.
RM Alignment
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• Two methods can be used for aligning a RemoteModule to an Access Point:
– PMP400/430/450 monitors the power level (dBm) valueson the RM, using the Tools> RM Alignment page.
– PMP100 monitors the jitter and power level (dBm) values
on the RM, using the Tools> RM Alignment page. ( – Use the positioning tone feature. This requires a special
cable and headphones, or audio amplifier with speaker.
• You can use a PDA that is capable of supporting a
wired Ethernet connection to monitor jitter andpower level during alignment.
RM Alignment Method 1: Monitor Power Level andJitter, Alignment Page
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, g g
• Use the RM alignment page for near real-time graphical
display of jitter and power level information
• From the Tools menu, select the Alignment Tool tab to access
the SM Alignment page
• Graphical, color-coded display presents clear information on
quality of jitter and power level
105
PDA: Personal Digital Assistant
SM Alignment Method 1: Monitor Power Level andJitter, Example Screens
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• PMP100
• PMP400/430/450
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PDA: Personal Digital Assistant
SM Alignment Method 1: Monitor PowerLevel and Jitter, Measurements
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Level and Jitter, Measurements
• Jitter (PMP100 only) and power level (dBm) are theparameters that can indicate the quality of the AP to RMlink.
• Power level indicates Rx sensitivity and Jitter is a measure ofsignal quality.
• Table below reflects the criteria used for the graphicaldisplay color-coding.
Good OK Bad
Color Green Orange Red
Jitter 1 – 4 5 – 8 9 – 15Power Level > -72 dBm -72 to -75 dBm < -75 dBm
Overall Link Quality Worse of Jitter or Power Level (PMP100 only)
SM Alignment Method 1: Monitor Power Level andJitter, Process Steps
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, p
1. Point the RM in the direction of the AP.
a. PMP 100 Series: beam width is 60 x 60 degrees
b. PMP 400: beam width is 18 x 18 degrees
c. PMP 430/450: beam width is 55 x 55 degrees
2. The SM cycles through a series of steps to register to
an AP: scanning, syncing, registering, and registered.Power level and jitter will not report on the web pageuntil the unit is registered.
3. Use the SM’s Tool> Alignment Tool page to monitorlink quality, jitter and power level. Wait for a refreshafter moving the module.
(cont’d)
AP: Access Point
SM: Subscriber ModuleOFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
NOTE: PMP 100 also display jitter and power level.
RM Alignment Method 1: Monitor Power Level andJitter, Process Steps cont’d
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p
NOTE: If using a PMP 100/430/450 Series SM with a Passiv e Ref lector , theradiated pattern will change to 6 x 6 degrees, or 17 x 17 degrees for 2.4 GHz.
If using a PMP 100/430/450 Series SM with the LENS/CLIP , the radiatedpattern will change to 18 x 18 degrees.
4. After the module has registered, slowly adjust thepositioning of the RM so that jitter is minimized andpower levels are at best settings possible. Lockdown the module when finished.
5. After alignment, perform a link test to check the
efficiency of the link.
SM: Subscriber Module
FSK: Frequency Shift Keying
RM Alignment Method 2: Positioning Tone
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• Remote Modules incorporate an audiblepositioning tone to help installers find the best
location for a module.
– The pitch changes to reflect the power level
– Volume level changes to reflect jitter – PMP100
• Move the module around until you achieve the
highest pitch and volume.
• Lock the unit down.
RM Alignment Method 2: Positioning Tone, HeadsetRequirements
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• The positioning tone feature requires a cable adaptor
• The cable adaptor allows the 6 pin RJ-11 GPS cable to
interface to a headset or amplifier (adaptor doesn’t
require active or passive devices)
• The tone output is available on pin 5 of the RJ-11connector, with pin 6 being ground.
• The headset or amplifier load should be between
pins 5 and 6.
Wiring Diagram, Alignment Tone Cable
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1
6
5
4
3
2
1
6
5
4
3
2
8
7
8
7Not used
Audio
Ground
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Configuration
Configuration of Unit - Accessing theAdministrative GUI
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• 169.254.1.1 is the factory default IP address for all
Canopy units.
• For best performance with different customer
configurations of equipment, operators should use
different private addressing schemes for their SMs:192.168, or 172.16-32, or 10.
• The PC configuring a module must be on the same
subnet.
Configuration of Unit - Access Points
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• Set the correct Region Code (DFS) and reboot the module.
• There are two options for completing Access Point configuration:
– The “Quick Start” menu allows you to configure the Access Point using
a minimum number of parameters.
– The “Configuration” menu pages contain all of the parameters
required to perform a complete setup of an Access Point.• Following are sample screens from an AP module, with some fields
highlighted. For complete descriptions of all screens and fields,
consult the user documentation.
Configuration of UnitAP Home> General Status Tab
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AP: Access Point
Configuration of UnitAP Home> Session Status Page
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AP: Access Point
Configuration of UnitAP Home> Remote Subscribers Page
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AP: Access Point
AP Tools> Link Status Page (PMP100)
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• Displays uplinkand downlinkstatistics for eachSM in the sector
• Available on AP
and BHM modules
AP: Access Point SM: Subscriber Module
BER: Bit Error Rate
AP Configuration> General (1)
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1
2
3
4
5
AP: Access Point
Configuration of Unit AP> General (2)
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1. Device Type: Can set the AP to operate as an SM.
• Useful for spectrum analysis• Reset P7 or P8 APs to SMs
2. Link Speeds: Set both sides of the link the same, otherwise the link maynot work.
3. Sync Input: Source of timing pulse:
• Power port: from a CMMmicro or CMM4• Timing port: from a CMM-2, another AP, an SM or BH
• Generate: internal sync pulse; no other AP or BH in range
4. Regional Settings: Select the location where the module will be installed,for DFS compliance. If the region is not listed, select “Other.” Save changes& reboot to “see” the other DFS fields that can be configured for the
module.
5. Webpage Auto Update: Set how frequently pages should auto-refresh.Recommend setting at 5 seconds or greater.
AP: Access Point SM: Subscriber Module
CMM: Cluster Management Module
DFS: Dynamic Frequency Selection
Configuration of Unit AP > General (3)
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AP: Access Point
6
7
8
9
Configuration of Unit AP > General (4)
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6. Dynamic Rate Adapt: 1x/2x PMP100 or 1x/2x/3x/4x/6x/8x
PMP400/430/450 represent different throughput capability speeds.These will be discussed later in the course.
7. Layer 2 Discovery Destination Address: Set to LLDP if your routers
support this protocol; otherwise set to Broadcast.
8. DHCP Relay Agent: The AP can be configured to act as a DHCP relay for
SMs and CPEs underneath it. Enabling this feature allows the DHCPserver to know which SM was used to obtain an address at a given time.
9. Coordinates: Operators can enter GPS coordinates, if desired.
AP: Access Point SM: Subscriber Module
CMM: Cluster Management Module
DFS: Dynamic Frequency Selection
Configuration of Unit AP > IP Page (1)
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1
2
AP: Access Point
IP: Internet Protocol
LAN: Local Area Network
Configuration of Unit AP > IP Page (2)
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1. LAN 1 Configuration: Enter a non-routable IP address for the
AP, the appropriate subnet mask and Gateway IP address.
• Maintain records of all IP addresses set.
• If you forget this address, you must physically access the
module with an override plug to gain access to the
module.
• DHCP State: use a DHCP server to assign the IP address
for the AP.
2. LAN 2 Configuration: The RF Private Interface is used for AP –
SM communications. It is recommended you not change this
parameter.
AP: Access Point
SM: Subscriber Module
Configuration of Unit > Radio Page (1)
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AP: Access Point
Configuration of Unit AP > Radio Page (2)
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Radio Configuration (Select field descriptions):
• Frequency Carrier : Specify the primary and up to two alternatetransmit frequencies (for use with DFS)
• Color Code: Variable to help ensure SMs register to the intended AP.Color codes must match for SMs to register. (SMs can have up to 10color codes specified, for registration to alternate APs.)
• Sector ID: Optional text field, for operator use.
• Max Range: Set to match distance of furthest SM. Normally, all APs in acluster should have the same Max Range value. Setting too high willreduce the number of data slots available.
• Downlink Data: Specify what percent of aggregate throughput shouldbe used for downlink transmissions
• Schedule Whitening: Enable when using DFS. This will spread the
transmitted signal power to avoid peaks that could trigger a “falsepositive.”
• External Gain: When using an external antenna, and DFS is enabled,enter the gain of the external antenna.
AP: Access Point
SM: Subscriber Module
DFS: Dynamic Frequency Selection
Configuration of Unit AP > Radio Page (3)
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AP: Access Point
• Control Slots: Depending on thenumber of SMs in the sector,
enter the corresponding valuefor control slots.
• Scan Policy, Broadcast RepeatCount: Operators can setdownlink broadcasts to berepeated 0, 1 or 2 times. Default
value is 2.
Number of
Registered SMs
Suggested
Control Slots,
FSK
Suggested
Control Slots,
OFDM1 to 10 1 1 or 2
11 to 50 2 4
51 to 150 4 6
151 to 200 6 8
Control Slot Recommendations
Communications Traffic, AP to SM
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`
• Data traffic – Cambium system acts as a Layer 2 bridge,
performing no IP address translation
• Management traffic
– Operation and maintenance of the system
Data
Management Access to the SM
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`
Management access to the SM:• Operators can always access the SM using the AP’s
Session Status or Remote Subscribers pages.
• Optionally, operators can assign an IP address to
the SM, using the SM’s Configuration> IP page, and
set access as public or local.
Management IP Address Assignment, SM
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`
• Two methods for operators to assignmanagement IP addresses to SMs:
– Set a static IP address
– Enable DHCP for address assignment
• Can be Internet routable or not
Data
SM Address AssignmentConfiguration> IP Page
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• IP address: management IP
address
• Network Accessibility
• Public: access from WAN
(RF) and LAN (Ethernet)• Local: access only from LAN
(Ethernet)
• Gateway IP: usually the address
of a router behind the AP
• DHCP State: When disabled, the
management IP address is setmanually by operator. When
enabled, the SM will DHCP its
management IP address
NAT (Network Address Translation)
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• NAT provides a means for using private (non-routable over the
internet) IP addresses behind a router, switch or firewall andtranslating any of these addresses wishing to access the public
network to one routable (public) IP address.
• NAT isolates (to a degree) a private network from the public
network.• Usually the NAT device performs port translation and
“stateful” inspection of incoming packets to confirm they are
a response to packets that were generated from the private
network.
IP Address Handling, NAT Enabled
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`
`
• Operators can enable NAT on SMs, inwhich case the SM performs the
address translation for devices behind
the SM.Data
CPE
B.B.B.1
CPE
B.B.B.2
CPE
B.B.B.3
SM
A.A.A.1
SM Configuration>IP, with NAT
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• The SM Configuration>IP
page, with NAT enabled, only
shows the LAN (Ethernet)management IP address.
• This address defaults to
169.254.1.1, but can be
changed by the network
operator if desired.
SM Configuration> NAT Page (1)
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• WAN Interface: RF access
• Connection Type: can be
Static IP, DHCP or PPPoE.
• Reply to ping on WAN
interface: default value isDisabled.
• LAN Interface: Ethernet
access
SM Configuration> NAT Page (2)
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• LAN DHCP Server: serves IP
addresses to devicesconnecting to the Ethernet
port of the SM. If enabled, set
the LAN-side DHCP
parameters.
Remote Configuration Interface:
• Enable: provide an IP
address for WAN-side
management access.
• Disable: No access to SM’s
WAN side via IP address; use
the AP’s Session Status orRemote Subscribers pages,
or access via the LAN
(Ethernet) side.
Example 1: IP Addressing, No NAT
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`
`
• Computers connected to the SM areaccessed directly by their IP addresses,
which might have been assigned by a
DHCP server on the network.
DHCP Server
A.A.A.100
CPE
A.A.A.3
Switch: A.A.A.2
CPE
A.A.A.4
CPE
A.A.A.5
Example 2: IP Addressing, with NAT(1 of 2)
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`
`
• Computer connected to the SM starts a connectionusing its non-Internet-routable IP address
• This non-routable IP address is translated by the SM
into an Internet-routable IP address (NAT)
WAN Interface
A.A.A.2
CPE
B.B.B.3
Switch: B.B.B.2
CPE
B.B.B.4
CPE
B.B.B.5
Example 2: IP Addressing, with NAT(2 of 2)
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`
`
• A remote host can communicate back with thecomputer via the Internet-routable IP address,
which is translated back to the original non-
routable IP address by the SM (NAT)
• This connection must have been originated by the
computer connected to the SM
WAN Interface
A.A.A.2
CPE
B.B.B.3
Switch: B.B.B.2
CPE
B.B.B.4
CPE
B.B.B.5
Example 3: IP Addressing, with NAT, DMZ
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`
`
• A remote host can communicate directly with adevice connected to an SM configured with a DMZ
address.
• In this case, the connection can be originated by
the remote host.
WAN Interface
A.A.A.2
CPE
B.B.B.3
Switch: B.B.B.2
CPE
B.B.B.4
DMZ
B.B.B.DMZ
Protocols Supported with NAT
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• Basic NAT supports non-embedded protocols (such
as HTTP) and requires Application Layer Gateways
(ALGs) written to support embedded protocols like
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocols), Ping and
FTP (File Transfer Protocol).
• Cambium PMP system’s NAT includes ALG’s for ICMP,
FTP, L2TP over IPSec and PPTP for VPNs.
L2TP: Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol VPN: Virtual Private Network
PPTP: Point to Point Tunneling Protocol
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
NAT and DHCP
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• Cambium supports the following five states of
NAT and DHCP:
– NAT Disabled - No NAT
– NAT with DHCP Client and DHCP Server – NAT with DHCP Client
– NAT with DHCP Server
– NAT with no DHCP
NAT: Network Address Translation
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
SM Configuration > NAT page (1)NAT Disabled vs. Enabled
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SM Configuration > NAT Page (2)NAT Disabled vs. Enabled
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192.168.1
Installation Tip: Enabling NAT
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• Enable NAT with care;
• Check IP addresses twice!
NAT Port Mapping
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• With NAT enabled, operators can map up to 10ports to a specific IP address, for all protocols,TCP or UDP.
Protocol & Port Filtering
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• Operators can filter (block) specific protocols and portsfrom leaving the SM and entering the network.
– Protects the network from packet loading or probingby network users.
– Provides a level of protection to users from each
other.
• Protocol and port filtering is set per SM.
– Filtering takes place as packets leave the SM headedto the air interface, except SNMP.
– If an SM is configured to filter SNMP, then SNMPpackets are blocked from entering the SM.
SM: Subscriber Module
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol
Port Filtering, With / Without NAT
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• With NAT disabled, operators can:
– Filter specific packet types and/or three user-specified ports
– Allow all protocols except those specified
– Block all protocols except those specified• With NAT enabled, the operator can filter
three user-specified ports.
• The Protocol Filtering page is found off theSM’s Configuration menu.
SM: Subscriber Module
NAT: Network Address Translation
Protocol & Port Filtering (1)
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NAT: Network Address Translation
Note: Release 9.5 contains tool tip pop-ups for each of the Packet Filter Types and Filter Direction fields
• With NAT disabled, operators can block PPPoE, any combination of the
IPv4 protocols listed, or ARP.
• Tool tip pop-ups provide guidance on screen as to the effects of making
these selections.
PPPoE: Blocks Ethernet
Types 8863 and 8864.
IPv4 Multicast: Blocks All
packets destined to IPv4Multicast Addresses.
Protocol & Port Filtering (2)
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Operators can specify
up to three ports to be
blocked.
For example,
specifying ports 20
and 21 for TCP andUDP will stop users
from using FTP.
Specifying ports 161
and 162 for TCP and
UDP will block asubscriber’s access to
SNMP.
PPPoE Configuration (SM) (1 of 3)
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• NAT must be enabled on the SM, andTranslation Bridging must be disabled on theAP.
• When PPPoe is enabled, the SM will register to
the AP then immediately attempt to connectto the PPPoE server.
• Operators must plan for the PPPoE server, setup operations to support and take advantage
of PPPoE, then configure the SM to beconsistent with their PPPoE implementation.
PPPoE: Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
SM: Subscriber Module
PPPoE Configuration (SM) (2 of 3)
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On the SM’s
Configuration>NAT page:
• Enable NAT
• For WAN Interface
Connection Type, selectPPPoE from the drop-
down list.
Now go to the SM’s
Configuration>PPPoEpage to enter the PPPoE
server information.
PPPoE Configuration (SM) (3 of 3)
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Configuration of Unit Remote Modules (RM)
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• Remote Modules (RM) are set up using the pages off
the Configuration menu.
• Following are some sample screens for configuring a
Remote Module. For a complete description of all
screens and fields for the RM, please consult the
user documentation.
Configuration of Unit - Remote Module Home>General Status (1)
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1
2
Configuration of Unit - Remote Module Home>General Status (2)
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1. Device Information provides MAC address, software version,
hardware board type (P7, P8, P9, P10, P11) and connectioninformation.
2. Remote Module Stats displays various configuration andoperational data on the module, such as data rate, APregistration, SM color code and frequency, and RF
performance numbers.
Note, Frame Configuration information will be discussed later in
the course, in the Air Interface section.
Configuration of Unit - Remote Module Home>General Status (3)
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3
4
5
Configuration of Unit Remote Module Home>General Status (4)
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3. Region Codes indicates the region information obtained from
the AP module. The SM takes its Region Code from the AP,even if different information is entered on the SMConfiguration page.
4. Site Information is entered on the Configuration – SNMP tab.Operators can choose to not display this information to
“Guest” users.
5. Key Features Information indicates the maximumthroughput set for the module, and whether the module isCSM 130 (Advantage) or not. A maximum throughput rate of
“Unlimited” indicates a CSM 130 operating at 14 Mbps.
Configuration of Unit - Remote ModuleConfiguration> General (1)
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1
2
3
Configuration of Unit Remote ModuleConfiguration> General (2)
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1. Link Speeds: Selections must match what was set
for the Access Point. The Ethernet LinkEnable/Disable flag is used to activate or disable anSM’s Ethernet port.
2. Regional Settings: The SM will use the Region Codeinformation supplied by the AP, even if a differentvalue is entered here.
3. MAC Control Parameters:• SM Power Up Mode: Note, the default has been
changed to Operational Mode: when the SM boots, it
attempts registration.
MAC: Media Access Controller
Configuration of Unit – Remote ModuleConfiguration> General (3)
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Configuration of Unit - Remote ModuleConfiguration> Radio
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Configuration of Unit - Remote Module-Specific WebPages
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AP Evaluation – contains information about all AccessPoints that the Subscriber Module can “see.” Useful for
understanding where a Subscriber Module is registering.
Configuration of Unit - Optional LED LightScheme (RM)
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• Developed for the 900 MHz module, the lightscheme is now available on any SM.
• Goal is to eliminate red lights, try for green,and accept yellow.
• Set parameter on the SM’s Configuration>Unit
Settings page
SM: Subscriber Module
Configuration of Unit - LED Lights: Revisedvs. Legacy
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Color Revised Mode Legacy
ModeRed Not Registered
Off when registered; On when not registered to AP
Power
Yellow Medium Receive Signal Power
Blinking from slow to full-on - medium, getting stronger
Sync
Green Strong Receive Signal Power
Blinking from slow to full-on -strong, getting stronger
Session
Red Interference (Jitter)
On - high interference
Blinking - medium interference
Off - low interference
NA
Yellow Activity Activity
Green Link Link
Configuration of Unit--Web Pages/Remote
Wireless Manager
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Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 167
Wireless ManagerCambium Networks Wireless Manager 4.0 is recommended for
managing PMP 450 networks.
This network management software tool offers breakthrough map-
based visualization capabilities using embedded Google maps, and
combined with advanced configuration, provisioning, alerting and
reporting features you can control your entire outdoor wireless networ
Updates and Upgrades - CNUT
• Canopy Network Updater Tool (CNUT)
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• Canopy Network Updater Tool (CNUT)
Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 168
Troubleshooting Tip: Loss of Sync Pulse
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Loss of sync pulse (if it occurs) is written into the Event
Log. Possible reasons:
– Bad GPS sync cable
– Use of unshielded sync cable
– GPS antenna not properly connected to CMMmicro – Physical obstructions interfering with GPS antenna (buildings,
large antenna, steep ground terrain)
– Strong transmitters (500 – 2500 MHz) in beam of GPS
antenna may overload the GPS receiver
Troubleshooting: Correct GPS AntennaInstallation
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• When installing the GPS antenna, ensure that theintended antenna position:
– Provides an unobstructed view of the sky to 20ºabove the horizon
– Is not the highest object at the site
– Uses less than 100 feet (30.4 m) of cable from theCMM
20º20º 140º