1 PhysicsPhysics EnvironmentalEnvironmental ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS.
Transcript of 1 PhysicsPhysics EnvironmentalEnvironmental ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS.
2Volcanoes
Mass transport
The biosphere of the Earth is the scenary where life develops
Let us make an approach to those natural phenomena taking place in the biosphere, related to mass and energy
exchanges.ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS
Northern lights
Seasons
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A chemical species able to change its state within the range of temperatures ruling in the different regions of our planet.
Why life developed on Earth?
We haven’t an answer for such a question, but...
...we know a necessary condition for making life possible
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We’ll study the relationships between these three states of the water and the environmental conditions...
... to explain why the world we live is on such a way.
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SUN POSITION RELATED TO A HORIZONTAL SURFACE
North Pole
Season Spring / Summer
Observer on the north hemisphere
Zenith
S N
E
W
z
z zenital angle
sun elevation
azimut
declination
latitude
hour angle
15º/hour
COORDINATES measuredfrom the center of sun disc
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Physics
Environmental
Originally formed by volatile compounds from volcanism at the earlier period of the Earth’s story. The gasses were kept back by gravity force. Since then, its composition undergone important variations because several physical, geological and biological processes.
The origin of our atmosphere
Actual volcanic eruptions have a mean composition of 85% H2O, 10% CO2 and SO2 and nitrogen compounds (the rest).
Low percentage of H2O in the actual atmosphereLow percentage of CO2 in the actual atmospherePredominance of nitrogen
Presence of other components of low concentration
Presence of an important fraction of O2
We have to explain…
http://www.xtec.es/~rmolins1/solar/es/planeta02.htm
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Height
(km)
500/1500 Temperature (ºC)-50 0 50 100 150 200-100
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20
30
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50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
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150
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490
500
510
520 Exosphere
Termosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere
Standard Atmosphere. Temperature profile
TROPOPAUSE
STRATOPAUSE
MESOPAUSE
Graphics from data in http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/images/profile_jpg_image.html
Temperature of termosphere is
highly dependent on sun activity. It
may vary from 500 ºC to 1500 ºC.
We live here!
TERMOPAUSE
TERMOPAUSE
Physics
Environmental
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http://www.jmarcano.com/notas/nota13.html
Antarctic ozone hole. September 2002
http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/ATM_CHEM/dobson.html
Phenomena above the clouds...
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ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FROM THE SUN
Where does the energy we use come from?
Radiation that we can measure
Solar spectrum (visible region)
Physics
Environmental
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Impermeable layers
Deep percolation
Surface flux
Ocean
Surface run-off
Surface flux
Underground water
Freatic level
Infiltration
Saline intrusions
Precipitation on the ground
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Evapotrans piration from
the ground
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Evaporation
Vegetation
Ground
Dam
31 Evaporation from the
ocean
428
396
Precipitation on the ocean
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From Britannica 2004
Flux units: 1012 m3/year
WATER EXCHANGES WITHIN THE BIOSPHERE
Interception and transpiration
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Phenomena associated to interactions atmosphere/hidrosphere
Physics
Environmental
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Lesson 1. The Sun and the EarthMovements of the Earth, local apparent time, local standard time
Lesson 2. The atmosphere of the EarthOrigin and composition. Temperature, pressure, winds and precipitation.
Lesson 3. Thermodinamics of the atmosphereThe atmosphere as a mixture of several gases. Moisture of the air. Adiabatic processes of the moist air.
Lesson 4. Heat transfer mechanismsConduction, convection and radiation.
Lesson 5a. Solar radiation and its interactionswith the Earth surface
Lesson 5b. Long wave radiation and its radiation budget
Lesson 5c. Global radiation budget in the Earth surface
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Evaporation and evapotranspiration
Teledetection: observation of the Earth
Following crops by Teledetection
Complementary materials (personal work)
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
M. Iqbal, An Introduction to Solar Radiation, Academic Press (1983)
John M. Wallace y Peter V. Hobbs, Atmospheric Science: an introductory survey. Academic Press
Crop evapotranspiration
Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO
Available from http://www.fao.org/docrep/X0490E/x0490e00.htm
http://www.uclm.es/profesorado/ajbarbero/uclm2English.htm
Other information & materials from web page