1 Peace Operations The Changing Face of Peacekeeping 1.
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Peace Operations
The Changing Face of Peacekeeping
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Content
1. The UN Charter
2. The Cold War and the founding operations
3. The Golden Age of peacekeeping
4. The second generation
5. The peacekeeping crisis
6. Recent trends
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1.The UN Charter
1.1. Collective security
1.2. The Security Council
1.3. Chapter VI
1.4. Chapter VII
1.5. The Military Staff Committee
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2. The Cold War and the founding operations
2.1. Collective security: Korea
2.2. Legal creativity: « Uniting for Peace »
2.3. Operational creativity: peacekeeping 1948 : Palestine 1949 : India/Pakistan 1956 : Suez
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3. The Golden Age of peacekeeping
10 operations between 1956 and 1974 Practical experience Building of a “culture” No formal doctrine 6 principles of “traditional” peacekeeping
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The 6 principles of « traditional » peacekeeping
UN operation Established cease fire Consent of warring parties Impartiality Balanced composition Limited use of force
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Traditional Peacekeeping :an integrated strategy
2. Composition
3. Impartiality
4. Light weaponry
5. Cease fire
6. Consent 7. Interposition1. UN
ACTOR PARAMETERS PRE REQUISIT ACTIVITY
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First doctrinal attempt
An Agenda for Peace (1992)
-Conflict Prevention
-Peacemaking
-Peacekeeping
-Peacebuilding
-Peace Enforcement
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4. The Second Generation
International context : end of the Cold War
- New conflicts
- Unlocking of Security Council
Quantitative changes: number, size, cost Qualitative changes: mandate, tasks, context
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Second doctrinal attempt
Supplement to An Agenda for Peace (1995)
31 January 1988 31 January 1992
December 1994
SC Resolutions
Conflicts
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11
53
13
78
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Ongoing Operations
TotalTraditional
Multidimensional
Personnel
Budget (millions $)
55
0
11 121
230.4
117
4
13 856
1 686.6
179
8
77 783
3 610
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MINURSO1991
UNTAC1992
UNTAG1989
UNAVEM1991
ONUSAL1991
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5. The crisis of peacekeeping
Excess of credibility High ambitions Insufficient means The fatal trilogy : UNPROFOR, UNOSOM,
UNAMIR
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6. Recent trends
Robust Operations Regionalization Unbalanced composition Wining hearts and mind Holistic approach of peace : long term,
multidimensional
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