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Pascal Le Floc’h1, Fabienne Daurès1 Laurent Le Grel2, Mehmet Tuncel2

Fabienne Guérard3

Solène Robert4, Patrick Bourseau4

Sponsored by

Maximising the value of marine by-products for French landings : challenges and constraints

EAFE Workshop

1-2 June 2010, Helsinki

Optimising Value Chains in Fisheries

This work is performed within the GESTION-DURABLE project and is co-financed with the support of the program PSDR Grand Ouest (For and About Regional Development)

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2

3

4

The issue

The research issue reviews the potential biotechnological ways for adding value to marine wastes, under the constraint of availability of raw material (landings and imports) and its location in the Western part of France.

S. Gréaux

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EU definition of waste

Coproduct

Fishing, aquaculture

non traded by-catch

Heads (9-12 %)

Deboned meat (15-20 %)

Skin (1-3 %)

Viscera (12-18 %)

Human consumption (40-60 %)

Bones (9-15 %)

In the past, these by-products have often been dumped or used without treatment for animal feed or as fertilizer. However, due to the worldwide decline of fish stocks, a better use of by-products is deemed necessary.

By-product (60-40%)

Biotechnological solutions to maximisethe value of by-products

(with examples of markets/products

Oil with high added-valueOil with high added-value

Mince & pet-foodMince & pet-food

Pulp Pulp

Collagen Collagen

Enzymes Enzymes

FlavorsFlavors

Chondroitin sulfateChondroitin sulfate

peptidespeptides

Functions :

By-products :- fishmeal and oil,- collagen and gelatin- chondroitin sulfate ,- pulp,- hydrolysates,- flavors- chitin…

First transformation :filleting, seafood processingSecond transformation : canning, curing,cooked dishes, …

Collection and Transportation :Skins, heads, viscera, bones, deboned meat

Production of nutraceutics (mixture of active compounds).

Co-product supply (wholesale or retail business).

Fish processing

Formulation

By-products processing

Sellers

Collection

Landings and imports

The case study : Western France (80% of the French primary production of fish)

WHITE FISH(excl. Gadiformes)

GADIFORMES

BLUE FISH

CARTILAGINOUS FISH

FLAT FISH

41 839 t

51 675 t

25 844 t

15 536 t

9 348 t

LANDINGS (tonnes)

Landings in 2007, Western part of France (80% of the French primary production of fish)

Monkfish (Lophius piscatorius)

Blue whithing (Micromesistius poutassou) Cod (Gadus morhua)Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)Saithe (Pollachius virens) Hake (Merluccius merluccius)blue ling (Molva dypterigia dypterigia) Pollack (Pollachius pollachius)

Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus)Sardine (Sardina pilchardus) atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) Albacore (Thunnus alalunga)

Smallspotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula)Stellate smooth-hound (Mustelus asterias)Cuckoo ray (Raja leucoraja naevus)

Main species with potential for by-products

Megrim (Lepidorhombus)Sole (Solea solea)

TOTAL 144 242 t

Around 50 % can be used for direct human consumption. Consequently, the other 50% (70 000 tonnes of raw material) could be processed as co-product (excluding imports).

However, the upgrading of marine by-products is under several constraints :

-Technological possibilities (according group of species)

-Supply chain (availabilities of raw material)

-Marketing channels (governance between stake-holders, logistics and transportation)

Results are presented according to the level of landings :- by biotechnological applications- by group of species

Landings > 40 000 t

in 2007

Landings > 10 000 t to 30 000 t

in 2007

Landings < 10 000 t

in 2007

Landings <50t

Oil with high added-valueOil with high added-value

Mince & pet-foodMince & pet-food

Pulp Pulp

Collagen Collagen

Enzymes Enzymes

FlavorsFlavors

Chondroitin sulfateChondroitin sulfate

peptidespeptides

WHITE FISH(excl. Gadiformes)GADIFORMES

BLUE FISH

CARTILAGINOUS FISH

FLAT FISH

GADIFORMES

BLUE FISH

CARTILAGINOUS FISH

GADIFORMES

CARTILAGINOUS FISH

GADIFORMES

BLUE FISH

Challenge : Optimising the sort of the fish by-products -

+Domestic supply

Relationship between the available quantity of species (by group) and biotechnological ways for adding value to marine by-products deserves a preliminary discussion before planning global strategies.

Discussion

In this respect, globalization of fish markets must be taken into account, modifying location strategies of processors. (Photo S. GREAUX)

Fish landings and processing in the same harbours as a Fish landings and processing in the same harbours as a matter of fact…matter of fact…

A perishable product which requires the proximity of A perishable product which requires the proximity of stakeholders.stakeholders.

Harbours exhibit a know-how in fish processing.Harbours exhibit a know-how in fish processing.

An harbour value chain as a An harbour value chain as a matter of fact …matter of fact …

0

500 000

1 000 000

1 500 000

2 000 000

2 500 000

(t)

Production

Cons. app.

Apparent consumption and production of aquatic products in France between 1993 et 2007

(source : France Agrimer)

……which becomes out of date:which becomes out of date:Structural changes of the value chain: the growing importance Structural changes of the value chain: the growing importance

of imports, especially farmed species raises the issue of the of imports, especially farmed species raises the issue of the location of the downstream steps of the chain. location of the downstream steps of the chain.

Discussion

But, the more crucial aspect in the perspective of maximising the value of by-products is the necessary change in the organisation of the industry (governance issues). The traditional link between stakeholders (fishermen, auction markets, processing plants) has then to be reassessed.

Source: A. Penven

On the one side, biomass abundance is subject to fluctuations (fishing impact and climate change) modifying the level of landings in time.On the other side, imports of wild and farmed fish allow to secure supplies. Let us notice that imports are not included in this analysis.

Thank you.