1 page 1 Layout - City of Adelaide · vernacular style of nineteenth century architecture, which...
Transcript of 1 page 1 Layout - City of Adelaide · vernacular style of nineteenth century architecture, which...
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STANDARD VERANDAH DETAILS
Overview
ENQUIRIES 08 8203 7445DRAWINGS PREPARED 30/6/07
of 5
A d e l a i d e V e r a n d a h s
V i c t o r i a n P e r i o d P R E 1 9 0 0
O v e r v i e w
A d e l a i d e a n d t h e o l d e r s u b u r b s h a v e t h e i r o w n d i s t i n c t i v e
v e r n a c u l a r s t y l e o f n i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r y a r c h i t e c t u r e , w h i c h
d i s t i n g u i s h e s i t f r o m t h e o t h e r c i t i e s . I m p o r t a n t l y t h i s v e r n a c u l a r
i n c l u d e s t h e t y p i c a l A d e l a i d e v e r a n d a h a n d i t s v a r i a n t s .
C o u n c i l ' s h e r i t a g e p o l i c y i s t o r e c o g n i s e + r e i n f o r c e t h i s h i s t o r i c
c h a r a c t e r .
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ENQUIRIES 08 8203 7445
STANDARD VERANDAH DETAILS
page 2DRAWINGS PREPARED 30/6/07
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brick string coursewall plate 4" x 2"chamfered
roof profile -
hip flashing
end panel -
100mm refolded OGEE gutter
scotia 32 - 42mm or 19mm squarebeadfascia -
corner bracket -
fascia return
capital -
neck moulding-
stop chamfers (chiselled endsnot routed)
divider screen rail -
divider screen capping
divider screen -
post
post base -
verandah base edging -cast iron vent under door
0.8 metal hip strap folded back on itself
rolled hip flashing (acrylic coated lead)
front door transom
front door threshold
bottom rail
cast iron frieze (optional)
post / fascia housing combination
A
B
C
D
E
CONCAVE OR EYELASH
CONVEX
OGEE OR BELL CURVE
STRAIGHT
BULLNOSE
R O O F P R O F I L E SEARLY
VICTORIAN
LATEVICTORIAN
ADELAIDE VERANDAHSVictorian Period 1870 - 1900ADELAIDE’S OWN VERNACULARAdelaide and its older suburbs have their own distinctivevernacular style of nineteenth century architecture, whichdistinguishes it from the other cities. Importantly this vernacularincludes the typical Adelaide verandah and its variants.Council's heritage policy is to recognise + reinforce Adelaide'sunique historic character, established by this vernacular based onarchival photographic and physical evidence and to ensure thatnew and replacement verandahs are historically accurate andcomplement Adelaide’s historic houses.
RETAINING ORIGINAL VERANDAHS AND REMNANTSWhere an original verandah still exists in whole or in part, theoriginal elements should be retained and repaired rather thanreplaced. It is better to have ‘The Real McCoy’ rather than a newfacsimile in heritage terms. Partially rotten timber posts/fasciascan often be repaired using epoxy or by splicing new timber intothe remaining sound timber. Generally original galvanized ironverandah roof iron should be conserved.
RESEARCHIn the absence of having of an original verandah, one shouldendeavour to find out what the original verandah looked like.There may be remnants of the original verandah, often there is ahalf post remaining against the wall, sometimes complete withpost mouldings. Often an impression of the original verandah halfpost and mouldings can be seen on the plaster quoin where apaint build impression has been left as a ghost of the originalverandah. Impressions of the original roof profile are often evidentwhere it returned to the wall.Any physical evidence found should form the basis of the newverandah reinstatement, and any remnants should be retainedand incorporated into the new verandah.Historical photos may be available from past owners or onlinethrough the State Library of South Australia Mortlock LibraryPictorial Collection of South Australiana: (search the street nameor town acre eg 'acre 499') www.catalog.slsa.sa.gov.au:1084/search/XAdditional resources and assistance can be sought via theAdelaide City Council heritage website: www.adelaidecitycouncil.com.au/heritage
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G L O S S A R Y O F T E R M S
A B C D E
A B C
A B C D
A B C D
A B C D
A B C D
A B C
A B C D
A B C D
A B C D
E
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ENQUIRIES 08 8203 7445
STANDARD VERANDAH DETAILS
page 3DRAWINGS PREPARED 30/6/07
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acrylic coated lead rolled topflashing
fit snug againstthe wall (noflashing)
TYPICAL DESIGNThe most common mid victorian era Adelaide verandah wastypically a concave (eyelash) profile with square timber withdecorative mouldings. Later verandahs had a bullnosed profileand later still had turned timber posts. Even quite modestcottages had relatively ornate verandahs, which served to bothshelter and decorate the house.
HEIGHT & WIDTHTypically ‘Adelaide’ verandahs were about 2200-2300mm (7+ft)high, such that the underside of the fascia aligned with thetransom over the front door. Sometimes the verandah had afrieze rail at this height when the overall height of the buildingand verandah was greater. The width varied from as narrow as1100mm to as wide as 2500mm, though a width in the range1500-1800mm (5-6ft) is common. Generally smaller lowercottages set close to the street had narrower verandahs andlarger houses with substantial front gardens had widerverandahs.
NOTE*The most common mistake with new verandah reinstatement ishaving the fascia too high, such that it is higher than the frontdoor and the roof slope too shallow.
SET-OUT APPROACHGenerally verandahs were set out with posts spaced, such thatthe posts frame both the front door and the adjacent windowssuch that the windows appear to be in the centre of the span.A common mistake is to set the posts out at equal spans suchthat the post positions do not relate to the windows, andsometimes even end up partly in front of the windows.
PAINTINGVerandah roofs were often painted, even when the main roof wasnot painted (ie left unpainted galvanized iron). Thus it isappropriate to have a new galvanized/grey roof and a red or atraditional striped verandah. Alternatively, if a uniform appearanceis sought, the new or existing roof and verandah can be paintedwith a traditional micaceous (bridge) paint, which generally isdark grey and very long lasting.The underside of verandahs was invariably a light pastel greentype colour, such as ‘Eau de Nil’(Water of the Nile) or the backingcolour of canvas, ‘Opaline Green’.The original colour is often evident on the wall plate or splatterson the wall. Blue/grey green variants can be used, but a softpastel colour that is restful on the eye is the key, as opposed tocream or white. The green colour is also considered to deter flys.All metal elements including gutters & cast iron should bepainted with gloss enamel (rather than water based acrylicpaint) to avoide rusting.
E N D P A N E L S
A
B
C O R N E R B R A C K E T S D I V I D E R S C R E E N S
A
B
C
3
A
HIPPED
GABLE ENDED (CONCAVE)
GABLE END (BULLNOSE)
B v a r i a n t
NOTE: A RANGE OF CAST IRON BRACKETS AND FRIEZESWERE USED IN VICTORIAN TIMES FROM THE AC HARLEYFULTONS ET AL RANGES MANY OF WHICH ARE STILLAVALIABLE. CONTACT COUNCIL HERITAGE STAFF FORASSISTANCE WITH APPROPRIATE SELECTIONS
STRAIGHT
OGEECURVED
RAKED
A
B
C
D
E
MATERIALS- corrugatediron (19mmbarrel pressiron)- mini-orb- 150mmregencybeadedmatchboard
MATERIALS- matchboard (vertical ordiagonal)- mini-orb(vertical)- fine (20mm) lattice(diagonal)
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ENQUIRIES 08 8203 7445
STANDARD VERANDAH DETAILS
page 4DRAWINGS PREPARED 30/6/07
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post
wid
thpo
st w
idth
32 - 40mm 32 - 40mm
cast iron corner bracket
cast iron corner bracketwith frieze runningbetween posts
5mm gap withsilicone to protectfrom rotting
frieze
frieze rail 60 x 60
cast iron cornerbracket
cast iron cornerbracket
frieze
VERANDAH BASEGenerally verandah bases are set sufficiently below the front doorthreshold to allow for a vent to aid underfloor ventilation in thehallway. Sometimes the base did come up to the underside of athick redgum threshold when heights didn’t allow for a ventunderneath.Tiled verandahs always had an edging of either bullnose slate orcant (splayed) bricks on edge. It was often common for a simplesmooth concrete type finish verandah with a gently curved edge.Bullnose slate edging was generally between 32 and 40mm(11/4”-11/2”) thick, and sometimes as much as 50mm (2”). Thewidth was either 230mm (9”) OR 305mm (1ft).Cant brick edging had a 60mm splay and were about 65mm wide.Below the edging it was typically bluestone where it wasexposed.The posts were generally centred on the edging.Verandahs were not always tiled; often a simpe red screed waslaid within the border, or a square of tiles in front of the front door.Earlier and mid Victorian houses typically had pottery tiles, 6”wide square set on a diagonal in two colours, or hexagonal tileswith oatmeal squares within. Later Victorian houses generally hadthe red and cream or black octagon and dot tessellated tiles.Tiles should be laid with virtually no grout gap to emulate thetraditional appearance of verandah tiles, and not look like abathroom floor.
TIMBER ELEMENT DIMENSIONSVerandah posts were typically 100mm (4”) thick. These typicallyneed to be planed down to size from a standard 115mm post.Only larger villas had thicker posts up to 120mm.A common mistake is to use off the shelf 90mm posts, whichappear too thin and ‘matchstick’-like.Fascias were typically about 220mm deep by 32-50mm thick.Typically fascias had a bead at the bottom, which was usuallyfiner than off-the-shelf beaded fascias.50mm fascias were employed where the fascia was stopchamfered rather than beaded.Where a timber frieze rail and cast iron infill freize used on larger/higher houses, the facia had neither a bead nor a stop chamfer.
CARPENTRY/CONSTRUCTIONVerandah fascias were typically housed into the posts such thatthe posts appear to run up to the underside of the gutter with thescotia running between the posts.Verandah posts typically had concealed fixing to the verandahbase rather than metal post shoes. Simple cottages had the postsset into the ground. To emulate this appearance a concealed ‘T’piece can be used. More substantial houses typically had asimple skirting block around the base with concealed metalfixings. Very rarely elevated cast iron post shoes were employed.
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OGEE CAPITAL
SMALL BLOCK CAPITAL
A
C
CA B
C A P I T A L S1 : 1
P O S T / F A S C I A H O U S I N G C O M B I N A T I O N S1 : 2 0
N E C K M O U L D I N G S1 : 1
A B
CD
A
A
A
B
B
B
C
C
C
D
D
D
FINE (12mm) BEADEDFASCIA, NOTCHED INTO
POST
12-24mm BEADED FASCIA
STOP CHAMFERED BEVELLEDFASCIA
SQUARE FASCIA WITH TIMBERFRIEZE RAIL
SMALL OGEECAPITAL WITH
BEAD
LARGE OGEECAPITAL WITH
SCOTIA
SMALL BLOCKCAPITAL LARGE BLOCK
CAPITAL
PLAIN POSTBASE(TYPICAL)
SIMPLEBEVELL
SKIRTINGBLOCK
(COMMON)
LAMBSTOUNGESKIRTING
BLOCK(LESS
COMMON)
CAST IRON ELEVATED POSTSHOE
(UN COMMON)
ROUNDED EDGE PLAINCONCRETE BASE
65-70mm CANTBRICK EDGING WITHCUT & STRUCK 3:1
(SAND:LIME)MORTAR
230mm BULLNOSESLATE
305mm BULLNOSE SLATE
(may be beaded or stopchamfered to outside face)
'U' OR 'T' PIECE POST FIXINGCONCEALED BY SKIRTNG BLOCKS
INAPPROPRIATE PROPRIETARYCAST ALUMINIUM 'OFF THE SHELF'
POST BASEGALVANIZED 'T' PIECE
CONCEALED POST FIXING
~ 290 - 350TO MATCH HEIGHT
OF CORNER BRACKET
FASCIA /FRIEZEALIGNEDWITHUNDERSIDEOFTRANSOM
STRAIGHT CHAMFER(COMMON)
CURVED CHAMFER WITHSTEP (COMMON)
OGEE CHAMFER (RARE)A B C
historically buried
(bevel stops100mm short ofcorner bracket)
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ENQUIRIES 08 8203 7445
STANDARD VERANDAH DETAILS
page 5DRAWINGS PREPARED 30/6/07
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existing galv roof
800
optional painted leadcapping for weatherprotection
traditional galvskylight
MATERIALS (TIMBER SPECIES)Verandah posts were typically made of jarrah or Oregon. Fasciaswere typically Oregon. The use of perma-pine is generallyinappropriate for verandahs as it is prone to splitting and twistingand typically comes in 90mm and other inappropriatedimensions. The use of LSOP (laminated timber) is notrecommended as the laminated timber surface texture ratherthan the natural timber grain shows through the paint.
VERANDAH ROOFSIf the original verandah roof remains, it should generally beretained. Verandah roofs were very well built out of heavy deepprofile iron and tank riveted for additional strength. Even if slightlydamaged they can generally be repaired which is preferable tobeing replaced with new, relatively lighter guage iron. If the mainhouse is re-roofed in Colorbond it is better to paint the originalverandah to match rather than replace the verandah iron itself.Historically verandah roofs were designed to appear as canvas.The concave profile emulates the natural slump that canvaswould have. In Victorian times it was typical for verandahs to bestriped in alternate colours as canvas is often striped. Theverandah roof sheets were 8 flute rather than 10 flute. If the ironis replaced it is preferable to utilize 8 flute (rainwater) tank iron sothat if the verandah is ever painted in stripes the stripes will bethe correct width and set out across the width of the verandah.Verandah gutters should be ogee profile and narrower (100mm)than the main roof gutters, such that the gutter is refolded 50mmnarrower than a standard gutter.Verandah downpipes were typically 50mm metal and crankedfrom the back around the quoins to connect into the main roofdownpipes, which were typically set around the side behind thequoin. This configuration avoids the downpipes clashing with thepost mouldings.
COMMONLY REPEATED MISTAKES IN NEW VERANDAHS� !Verandah posts too thin, 90mm� !Verandah too high� !Posts set at equal spans� !Verandah base too high� !Standard gutters rather than 100mm refolded ogee gutter� !Tiling to the edge without a slate or brick border
RARE VARIATIONSVerandahs occasionally had additional entry statements, such asa gablet over the entrance.
B A S E P L A N S S E T O U T
A
B
C
D I V I D E R S C R E E NC A P P I N G S + R A I L S
A
B
CD
A
B
5
A
C 150mm EQUAL SIDED OCTAGON POTTERYTILE (NB NO TILE BORDER)
B HARLEQUIN PATTERN 150mm SQUAREPOTTERY TILES
D 100mm UNEQUAL SIDED TESSELLATEDTILE
PLAIN CONCRETE WITH ROUNDED EDGE(TYPICALLY PAINTED RED) NOT SHOWN
230mm cantbricks
300mm slate
300mm slate
SINGLE POSTS SYMMETRICAL ABOUT DOOR AND WINDOW(SINGLE FRONTED AND ROW COTTAGES)
SINGLE POSTS SYMMETRICAL ABOUT DOORS AND WINDOWS(DOUBLE FRONTED COTTAGES AND MAISONETTES)
DOUBLE POSTS SYMMETRICAL ABOUT DOOR AND WINDOW(LARGER VILLAS)
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ENQUIRIES 08 8203 7445
STANDARD VERANDAH DETAILS
ProformaDRAWINGS PREPARED 30/6/07
of 5
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ENQUIRIES 08 8203 7445
STANDARD VERANDAH DETAILS
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