1 Overview Ind Dm
Transcript of 1 Overview Ind Dm
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OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL /CHEMICAL DISASTERS AND
THEIR MANAGEMENT-NATIONAL LEVEL
R.P.Bhanushali Adviser (Tech)
National Safety Council
National Workshop
DISATER MANAGEMENT
At Bagaluru (10-12 March, 2010)
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What is a disaster?
An occurrence inflicting widespread destructionand distress
DISASTERHazardVulnerability
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What is Disaster?
A catastrophe, mishap, calamity or graveoccurrence in any area,arising from natural or man- made causes,or by accident or negligence,which results in substantial loss of lifeor human sufferingor damage to, and destruction of property,
or damage to, or degradation of environment,and is of such a nature or magnitude as to bebeyond the coping capacity of the communityof the affected area. (DM A ct , 2005)
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Industrial Disasters Flixborough, UK (1 June, 1974) Cyclohexane released, 28 dead, 36 injured, the
Flixborough Works of Nypro (UK) demolished, over1,821 houses and 167 factories suffered losses
Seveso, Italy (10 July, 1976)2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin) released
1,00,000 animals dead, 760 people evacuated,4,450 acres contaminatedBhopal (3 Dec., 1984)Methyl isocyanate (MIC) released, > 2 500 dead and1,00,000 injured
Piper Alpha offshore platform in the North Sea(6 July, 1988)165 of 225 persons on platform & 2 on rescue boat
died, platform was totally devastatedEC Directive on Major Accident Hazards Control (82/501/EEC of24 June, 1982)
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NEW DISASTER THREATIndustrial disaster pose different threatthan natural disastersIndustrial disasters in news afterFlixborough Explosion, UK 1974Seveso dioxine leakage, Italy 1976increased concern of EC Authoritiesleading to:Directive on Major Accident HazardsControl MAHC(82/501/EEC of 24th June, 1982)
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BROADER FOCUS
The focus of protection was made
comprehensive to include
community, environment and
property instead of the earlier
narrow focus only on the employees.
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MAHC Concept
The MAHC remained an
unknown concept till the
Bhopal disaster in India.
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BHOPAL DISASTER - A TURNING POINT
Unprecedented scale of disasterpotential
Compelling evidence to apply a holisticDM approach to Chemical Safety.
Restructuring and inducting newhazchem control systems andprocedures was started.
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MAJOR POST BHOPAL DEVELOPMENTS
Adhoc Hazchem Expert Committees set up by states
having MAH Units for suggesting control measuresAwareness SeminarsLegislationsImportant Projects implemented
ILO Project on `MAHC System in India (1987 -91)with participation from MoL, DGFASLI & 12 StatesUS-AID ISHD Project (1991-92) for capacitybuilding on safety audit, production of safety filmswith participation from DGFASLI, NSC, ICMA,Inspectorates of Factories and TUsUNEPs APELL Programme implemented by NSCsince 1992
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APELL Process
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MAJOR POST BHOPAL DEVELOPMENTSPhases of UNEPs APELL Programme
implemented by NSC APELL-LAMP Project in 6 high riskindustrial areas & National level
Trans-APELL (2002)National APELL Centre (NAC) (2002-04)NAC Sub-Centre (2004)
Off-site Emergency Plan Pilot Projects inTuticorin and HaldiaInstitutionalising the Services at the
National Level.
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MAJOR POST BHOPAL DEVELOPMENTSUS-AID/ADPC AUDMP Projects in Vadodara andKolkata (1999)
Help in producing hazard maps & impact areadiagrams & in assessing vulnerabilityCreate awareness administrators & town planners
Draft mitigation strategies
NSC-ADPC 2-week Asia Region Training Courseon `Technological Risk Mitigation in Cities -TRMC (Mumbai - Nov.1998, 20 participantsfrom 8 Asian countries)
To develop awareness among town planners,administrators, and professionals to include chemical
disasters mitigation strategies in town planning
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PRESENT STATUSWell developed MAHC System
Legislation to prevent/mitigate DisastersOrganisations to deal with disasters set upImprovements in Technical Competence of
respondersBetter enforcementAPELL Process institutionalizedIdentified hazard prone industrial pocketshaving more than 5 MAH Units (180)Established inventory of MAH installations(1,949 in 24 states & UTs)& Isolated
storages (347)
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PRESENT STATUS..
Supreme Court Judgment - 20 Dec,1986 -Shriram Foods and Fertilisers Industries,Supreme Court has enunciated threeimportant principles :
i. A hazardous industry owes an absolute and non-delegatable duty to the community to protect itfrom risk;
ii. Such enterprises are absolutely liable for anyharm that may be caused.
iii. Any compensation given must have a
deterrent effect
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PRESENT STATUS.. Enactment of Public Liability Act, 1991
based on the above JudgementOn-site plans (1921), Off-site plans (136)APELL Publications by NSCFormation of MARG Groups
Institutional framework (NSC,DMI) Indian Standards-14489:1998; 15656:2006MOEF/CPCB Guidelines
Transportation of Hazardous Wastes2004 (CPCB) MSIHC Rules 2000
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PRESENT STATUS.. Disaster Management Act, 2005
Constitution of NDMA
National Guidelines by NDMA on 10 disasters
- NSC made key contribution as Core GroupMember for guidelines on Chemical Disasters
Advocating Institutional Mechanism approach
at National, State & Local levelsFocus on DM activities on Prevention,Mitigation & Preparedness
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Paradigm Shift in DM
Conviction that development cannot besustainable unless disaster mitigation id builtinto the development ProcessMitigation has to be multi-disciplinaryspanning across all sectors of developmentShift in focus from reactive responseoriented action (Rescue, Recovery &Rehabilitation) to proactive prevention,preparedness and mitigation oriented action.Investments in mitigation more cost effectivethan expenditure on relief and rehabilitation
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LOOKING AHEADStrengthening District & Local Crisis Groups
Strengthening capacities of : Fire brigades &
Police Developing Model Off-site PlansAnnual testing and updating of Off-site plansCommunity Awareness Responsibility byCrisis Groups
Developing a Good Medical Response SystemEnforcement Authorities role, activities, andcontribution in new national approach on DM
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LOOKING AHEAD.. Hazchem Transportation System
Post Disaster Reviews
Developing and Publishing Case Studies
Developing Major Accident Data Base
Designating institutions on technological DM
and developing package of training modules
/courses
Major Developments in Natural DM
Major International Developments
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AnyQuestion?
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BIG THANK YOU
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LEGISLATIONS..
National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995(NET Act)
CA(EPPR) Rules, 1996CMV Rules, 1989 (as amended in 1993)
Environmental Clearance of ProjectNotification, 1994 (ECP Notification) (11amendments since 1994 latest being on
7.7.04 vide SO 801)
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LEGISLATIONS.. Hazardous Wastes (Management &
Handling) Rules, 1989 (amended in 2000and 2003)Bio-Medical Waste (Management &
Handling) Rules, 1998 (amended in 2003)The Explosives Act, 1884
The Explosive Rules, 1983 The SMPV (unfired) Rules, 1981
(amended in 1993, 2000 and 2002) The Gas Cylinders Rules, 2004
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LEGISLATIONS..
The Petroleum Act, 1934
The Petroleum Rules, 2002 (replacesthe Petroleum Rules, 1976)
The Calcium Carbide Rules, 1987
The Cinematograph Film Rules, 1948
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REPORT OF HIGH POWER COMMITTEEIN HAZARDOUS WASTE JAN 2001
Constitution of 12 member HighPowered Committee on 13 th October
1997To examine all matters in depth relatingto hazardous waste and to give a reportand recommendations Report submitted in January 2001
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DEFINITIONS
Major Accident (MSIHC Rules, 1989)
An incident involving loss of life inside or outsidethe installation, or ten or more injuries inside and/ or one or more injuries outside or release oftoxic chemicals or explosion or fire or spillage ofhazardous chemicals resulting in on-site or off-site emergencies or damage to equipment leadingto stoppage of process or adverse affects to the
environment .
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HIGH POWERED COMMITTEE (HPC)FOR PREPARATION OF DMP
Constituted by Ministry of Agriculture videthe Order dated August 20, 1999.
Enhancement of the Terms ofReference(TOR) was considered to beessential to include Man made disasters.
TOR of HPC enlarged with the approval ofthe Prime Minister vide order dated April17, 2000.
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CATEGORIES OF DISASTERS
1. Water and Climate Related Disasters
2. Geologically related Disasters
3. Chemical, Industrial & Nuclear related
Disasters
4. Accident Related Disasters
5. Biologically Related Disasters
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Interim Reports of HPC:
First Interim Report : July 2000Second Interim Report :Feb.2001
Transfer of DM to Ministry of Home Affairs from the Ministry of Agriculture
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THE DISASTER MANAGEMENTCYCLE
Continuum of inter-linked activity
Not a series of events which start and stopwith each disaster occurrence
BASIC FORMAT
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Disaster Impact
Response
Recovery
DevelopmentPrevention
Mitigation
Preparedness
DISASTERMANAGEMENT
CYCLE
BASIC FORMAT
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TheDisaster
Cycle
Review
RESPONSE
RECOVERYPREPAREDNESS
ALTERNATIVE FORMAT
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LIMITATIONS
Above format cannot be utilized to make twosignificant points:
Does not and cannot designate the length orrelative importance of the component parts.
Format should not be allowed to give theimpression that each activity segment isclearly and precisely divided from adjacentones
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COMPOSITION OF MAIN ACTIVITIES
Prevention
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Development
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FACTORS AFFECTING THE BALANCE AND PRIORITIES OF MAIN ACTIVITIES
Post-disaster Review
Exercises or Simulations