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Transcript of 1 Oil and Gas Equipment Types, Controls and Emission Rates Scott F. Archer USDI – BLM National...
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Oil and Gas Equipment Types, Controls and Emission Rates
Scott F. Archer
USDI – BLM
National Science &
Technology Center
September 12, 2007
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What is wrong with O&G?
• There is a lot of it.
• There will be more of it.
• The process is fragmented.
• Many small sources, not subject to permitting.
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Multiple Companies
• Exploration• Drilling• Servicing• Trucking• Pipelines• Compressors• Refining• Sales
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Drilling
• Very large diesel engines (500-1500 hp)
• Going to year-round operation
• Going to multiple wells off a single pad
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Testing
• Post “Fracting”
• Large quantities of water
• “Free” flow to determine drawdown
• CO, NOx, possible SO2 emissions
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“Oil” Well
• Small well head engines
• Separator• Dehydration• Evap Pond• Storage tanks• Waste pit
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Gas Compression• Wide range of sizes
and types• Single cylinder Pop-
pops• Converted Auto
Engines• 500 hp + engines• Electrification• Use on-site fuels
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Exploration
Three conditions must be present: 1) source rock, rich in organic material; 2) reservoir rock, such as porous and permeable limestone or dolomite; and
3) a trapping mechanism, such as an anticline or faulted strata.
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Exploration
Methods to locate: 1) Maps; 2) Exploratory well “cuttings;” and3) Geophysical studies (gravity, magnetic, seismic reflectionsa trapping
mechanism, such as an anticline or faulted strata.
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Well Drilling
• Drill-site preparation (blading well pad)
• Rig up (transport by truck)
• “Spuding in” (beginning drilling operation)
• Drilling, casing and logging
• “Fracting” or “stimulating”
• Testing and cementing (flaring)
• Completion (Well Head)
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Drill Rigs
Water rig for CBM
produced-water disposal in the Powder River Basin between Buffalo and Gillette, WY. Proposed drilling depth is 14,000 feet
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Production
• Artificial lift (Pumpjack)• Well Head Compression• Separators (glycol)• De-hydrators• Tanks or pipelines
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Ancillary FacilitiesVALERUS SUPPLIED AMJAD SUPPORTED
TURNKEY APPLICATIONS
Natural Gas Compression Production Equipment Process Equipment Fluid Control
Wellhead Compression Separators AmineStorage & Transfer Pump
Systems
Gas Gathering Dehydrators Dew Point Control Produced Water Injection
Vapor Recovery CoolersCO2/H2S Removal Amine or
MembranePower Generation
Gas Storage Sand Traps Refrigeration Natural Gas Generator Sets
Gas Pipeline Booster StationsOil & Gas
Line HeatersCryogenic
Diesel Generator Sets
Injection(Air or Gas)
Meter Skids JT Fuel Conditioning Standby Units
Gas Lift Diesel & Gasoline Refineries De-aerator & Boiler Feed Water Continuous Power Units
CNG Gas Filtration Turbo Drive Generator Sets
Gas ProcessOil & Gas
Line HeatersCo-Generation
Onshore & Offshore Environmental Solutions Power Plants
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Ancillary Facilities
• Gas sweetening (Amine Plant)• Sales/Pipeline Compression• Waste water injection
Amine Sweetening Process
LARGE COMPRESSOR STATION IN WYOMINGPhotos provided by Jeff Blend, Montana DEQ
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Alaskan Inspection and Enforcement
For more information
Contact
Scott F. Archer
Senior Air Resource Specialist
303.236.6400