1 Neuroscience and Behavior. 2 What are neurons? n How do they transmit information?
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Transcript of 1 Neuroscience and Behavior. 2 What are neurons? n How do they transmit information?
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Neuroscience and Behavior
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What are neurons?
How do they transmit information?How do they transmit information?
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Neurons
Nerve cellsNerve cells Basic building Basic building
blocks of the blocks of the body’s information body’s information processing system.processing system.
Made up of Made up of DendritesDendrites AxonsAxons
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Dendrites
Receive informationReceive information
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Axon fibers
Transmit information Transmit information to other to other NeuronsNeurons MusclesMuscles GlandsGlands
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How do neurons communicate to other cells to influence our behavior?
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Synapse (synaptic gap)
Chemical messengers Chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) (neurotransmitters) bridge the gapbridge the gap
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Neurotransmitters
Enable Enable communication communication between between neuronsneurons
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Endorphins
Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters (similar to morphine)(similar to morphine)
Reduces painReduces pain E.g. ChildbirthE.g. Childbirth
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What are the parts of our nervous system? What do these parts What do these parts
do?do?
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Nervous system
CentralCentral nervous system nervous system Brain and spinal columnBrain and spinal column
PeripheralPeripheral nervous system nervous system Links central nervous system (spinal cord) Links central nervous system (spinal cord)
to sense receptors, muscles and glandsto sense receptors, muscles and glands
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Nervous system
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Peripheral Nervous System
Sympathetic Sympathetic nervous system nervous system (Arousing)(Arousing) Increases Increases
heartbeat & heartbeat & blood pressureblood pressure
Parasympathetic Parasympathetic nervous system nervous system (Calming)(Calming)
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Central nervous system
Brain and spinal columnBrain and spinal column Severed spinal cord E.g.Severed spinal cord E.g.
Bill - No genital sensations, but has an Bill - No genital sensations, but has an erection when stimulated.erection when stimulated.
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Reflex Simple reflex pathwaySimple reflex pathway
Knee-jerk reactionKnee-jerk reactionA headless warm body could do itA headless warm body could do it
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How do we explore the connection among brain, mind, and behavior? Recording the brain’s Recording the brain’s
activityactivity Creating images of Creating images of
the brain’s activitythe brain’s activity
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Recording the brain’s electrical activity Electroencephalogram Electroencephalogram
(EEG)(EEG) Brain wavesBrain waves
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Neuroimaging techniques (creating images) CT scanCT scan PET scanPET scan MRI scanMRI scan
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CT scan
Computed Computed tomographytomography
X-ray photographsX-ray photographs
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PET scan
Positron emission Positron emission tomography scantomography scan
Radioactive glucoseRadioactive glucose
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MRI Scan
Magnetic fields and Magnetic fields and radio waves create radio waves create images of the brain’s images of the brain’s soft tissues.soft tissues.
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The brain
AmygdalaAmygdala HippocampusHippocampus Angular gyrusAngular gyrus Corpus callosumCorpus callosum MedullaMedulla
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Medulla
Most basic life Most basic life sustaining functionssustaining functions
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Cerebral Cortex
Best distinguishes us Best distinguishes us from other animalsfrom other animals
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Cerebral cortex lobes
FrontalFrontal ParietalParietal TemporalTemporal OccipitalOccipital
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Phineas Gage
Damage to frontal Damage to frontal lobelobe
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Corpus Callosum
Transmits information Transmits information from one cerebral from one cerebral hemisphere to the hemisphere to the other other