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Measures and Models of Aviation Display Clutter

Measures and Models of Aviation Display Clutter

Pilot Equipment Familiarization and Scenario Overview

[ Year 2 Experiment ]

June, 2008

NASA LaRC | NC State University | APTIMA

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Experiment Setup- Aircraft Familiarization -

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IFD Simulator

Simulator with Head-up Display

• Integration Flight Deck:– No motion, ground-based Simulator– Replicating forward Flight Deck of

Boeing 757

• HUD with new display features:– Two instrumentation modes – PRIM

(primary mode symbology) & IMC symbology

– Enhanced Vision System (EVS)– Synthetic Vision System (SVS)– Flight pathway guidance (TUNNEL)

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HUD Symbology

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Tunnel

• “Crow’s feet” define vertical and horizontal extent of desired path

• 600 ft wide by 350 ft tall:– +/- 1 “dot” on path deviation

indicators– “Linear” Deviation

• Segments every 0.2 nm

• Showing path 1 nm ahead

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Flight Path Marker

Appears below flight path marker when decelerating

As speed increases relative to selected speed, “worm” increases in size

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Path Deviation Indicators

• Vertical and lateral deviation path deviation indicators:– Deviation scale

• Center, +/-2 Dots

– Pathway deviation indicator • “Dogbones”• Derived from navigation solution / “Synthetic Vision System”

– ILS deviation indicator• Glideslope and localizer deviation • No “Bends”• No “Lies”• “Raw Data”

Full-Scale Localizer Deviation

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Runway Outline (under 500 feet)

• Glideslope Reference Line (GSRL)– Set at 3.1 degree– Used for Flight Path Reference under

500 ft.

Note: At 75 ft. above the runway, flare cues will emerge from the bottom of the display.

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IMC HUD Configuration

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IMC / Tunnel Configuration

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IMC / Tunnel / SVS Configuration

Wireframe rendering of terrain model

(based on GPS database)

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PRIM HUD Configuration

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PRIM / EVS Configuration

Shaded rendering of

FLIR (Forward-

looking Infra-Red Radar)

When flying in clouds with the EVS “on”, FLIR returns on water vapor may create “ghost”-like images on HUD

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PRIM / SVS / EVS Configuration

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Experiment Setup- Scenario Familiarization -

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Flight Scenario Overview

• KRNO ILS RWY 16R Final:– Hand-flown with manual throttles– Begins on localizer abeam PYRAM– Ends with landing or missed

approach decision– Night/IMC:

• Weather near or below minimums

• Crosswinds with no gusts

– Go-around or landing performance will not actually be measured

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Aircraft Configuration and Operation

• Autopilot and autothrottles inoperative• PFDs and NDs inoperative• All NAVAIDs set for approach• FMC inoperative• FD inoperative• Landing and wing lights

“off” in clouds.– Can activate lights on br

eakout.

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Roles and Responsibilities

• Captain– Hand flying– Verbalize all decisions at published minimums and EVS mins.– Call for gear, flaps, etc. as desired.

• First Officer (FO)– Handle ATC communication– Actuate gear and flaps on command– Set airspeed and altitude bugs– Complete checklists– Provide callouts as briefed (altitude)– Will confirm objects in sight (visually)– Will answer queries and confirm settings, procedures, etc.

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Standard Approach Procedures

• Initial Approach– 210 KIAS– Gear and flaps retracted

• Below 210 KIAS– Flaps 15 degrees– Landing gear extended

• Below 162 KIAS– Flaps 30 degrees– Landing gear extended– Before landing checklist

• Approach Speed– 138 KIAS for all landings

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Approach Procedures (cont.)

• Standard Rules (without EVS)– Runway must be visible with naked eye from published decision

height

• EVS Rules– Published decision height:

• Runway must be visible with EVS

• Continue to 100 HAT (Height Above Touch-down), if EVS shows approach lights, threshold, or touchdown zone.

– FAR 91.175c - For straight-in instrument approach procedures…the pilot [must] determine that the enhanced flight visibility observed by use of a certified enhanced flight vision system is not less than the visibility prescribed in the standard instrument approach procedure being used.

– 100 HAT• Runway must be visible with naked eye

• Land only if threshold or touchdown zone visible