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Maps, Charts, Maps, Charts, and and

GraphsGraphs

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MAPSMAPS

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WHY MAPS ARE USEFULWHY MAPS ARE USEFUL

To represent a place or area To represent a place or area graphicallygraphically

To help locate placesTo help locate placesTo show the physical and human To show the physical and human

features of a placefeatures of a place

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Use to study far away placesUse to study far away placesUsed everyday on the news to show weatherUsed everyday on the news to show weatherUsed even to find places in the mallUsed even to find places in the mallHow else are maps used?How else are maps used?

What can you learn from maps?What can you learn from maps?

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MAIN PARTS OF A MAPMAIN PARTS OF A MAP

1.1. Compass RoseCompass Rose – a map’s directional – a map’s directional indicatorindicator

2.2. ScaleScale – defines distances in a map – defines distances in a map3.3. LegendLegend – describes symbols and other – describes symbols and other

items in a mapitems in a map4.4. Lines of Latitude and LongitudeLines of Latitude and Longitude – –

pinpoint the absolute location of map pinpoint the absolute location of map contentcontent

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1.1. General PurposeGeneral Purpose -Tells where places are and some -Tells where places are and some

information about the areainformation about the area Examples:Examples:

**Physical mapsPhysical maps (shows the natural features, or (shows the natural features, or topographytopography, of , of an area such as its mountains, valleys, rivers, and lakes) These an area such as its mountains, valleys, rivers, and lakes) These are also called are also called elevation mapselevation maps..

**Political mapsPolitical maps (show units such as city, county, state, or country (show units such as city, county, state, or country boundaries as well as some key features like mountain ranges, boundaries as well as some key features like mountain ranges, rivers, and bays)rivers, and bays)

Types of MapsTypes of Maps

( Think of general purpose maps – Think of most classroom maps)

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2.2. Special Purpose MapsSpecial Purpose Maps -Tells something specific about the area -Tells something specific about the area

Also called Also called Thematic Maps Thematic Maps – show a – show a specific topic, theme, or spatial specific topic, theme, or spatial

distribution of an activitydistribution of an activity

(Examples: city street maps, precipitation maps, historical maps)

Types of MapsTypes of Maps

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AVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION IN TEXASAVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION IN TEXAS

Special Purpose Map

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MapMap

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MapMap

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MapsMaps

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Graphs Graphs and and ChartsCharts

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TYPES OF INFORMATION SHOWN BY TYPES OF INFORMATION SHOWN BY GRAPHS, CHARTS, AND TABLESGRAPHS, CHARTS, AND TABLES

Bar GraphBar Graph – compares data about different – compares data about different places or time periodsplaces or time periods

Line GraphLine Graph – shows a trend or pattern – shows a trend or patternCircle GraphCircle Graph – shows how the part of a – shows how the part of a

whole are dividedwhole are divided

These are useful because they convey ideas or These are useful because they convey ideas or information graphically.information graphically.

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Bar, Line, and Circle Graphs

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Bar, Line, and Circle Graphs

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Bar, Line, and Circle Graphs

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THREE TYPES OF THREE TYPES OF CHARTS AND THEIR USECHARTS AND THEIR USE

Flow Chart Flow Chart – shows steps in a series of – shows steps in a series of activitiesactivities

Causation Chart Causation Chart – shows the causes – shows the causes and effects of an event or situationand effects of an event or situation

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ChartsCharts

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Map RulesMap Rules

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Every Map should contain:Every Map should contain:

TitleTitleOrientation or CompassOrientation or CompassDateDateAuthorAuthorLegend/KeyLegend/KeyScaleScale

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Use Neat Lettering!Use Neat Lettering!

Always Always PRINT PRINT neatlyneatlyUse pencil at first, then black Use pencil at first, then black

inkinkLetter straight across (except Letter straight across (except

rivers and mountains)rivers and mountains)Check Spelling!!Check Spelling!!

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Follow Directions!!Follow Directions!!

Political Maps- Political Maps- colorcolor countries/statescountries/states that that touchtouch differentdifferent colorscolors

Special Purpose Maps- follow the Special Purpose Maps- follow the directions givendirections given

MountainsMountains need to be colored and need to be colored and labeled in labeled in brownbrown

ONLY ONLY WATERWATER SHOULD BE COLORED SHOULD BE COLORED BLUE!!BLUE!!

- - shade coastline in shade coastline in blueblue (1 in. (1 in. border)border)

- show rivers with a - show rivers with a blueblue line line

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Use Map Symbols!!Use Map Symbols!!

Use a star for capitalsUse a star for capitalsUse dots for other citiesUse dots for other cities

ALSO:ALSO:Color around the labels so they will show Color around the labels so they will show

up.up.Put paper under your map so table Put paper under your map so table

patterns will not showpatterns will not showColor in ONE direction and Color in ONE direction and DO NOT DO NOT

SCRIBBLE!!SCRIBBLE!!

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Latitude Latitude and and

LongitudeLongitude

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• The Equator and the Prime Meridian are the starting points for two sets of lines used to find any location.

• The letter N or S following the degree symbol tells you if the location is north or south of the Equator.

Latitude and LongitudeLatitude and Longitude

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• The North Pole, for example, is at 90°N (North) latitude, and the South Pole is at 90°S (South) latitude.

• Two important parallels in between the poles are the Tropic of Cancer at 23½°N latitude and the Tropic of Capricorn at 23½°S latitude.

• You can also find the Arctic Circle at 66½°N latitude and the Antarctic Circle at 66½°S latitude.

Latitude and LongitudeLatitude and Longitude

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• Longitude, or distance measured in degrees east (E) or west (W) of the Prime Meridian.

• The Prime Meridian, or 0° longitude, runs through Greenwich, England.

• On the opposite side of the earth is the 180° meridian, also called the International Date Line.

Latitude and LongitudeLatitude and Longitude

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To give directions to this island, you would use the absolute location. You would have to use degrees of latitude and

longitude.

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What do lines of latitude and

longitude look like?

Latitude lines

Longitude lines

meridians

parallels

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The The equatorequator is an imaginary line at is an imaginary line at 00°° latitude latitude. It . It divides the earth into two halves: divides the earth into two halves: NorthernNorthern Hemisphere and Southern HemisphereHemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. (We use . (We use the letters the letters NN and and SS to show locations north and to show locations north and south of the equator.)south of the equator.)

The The prime meridianprime meridian is at is at 00°° longitude longitude. It is also an . It is also an imaginary line. It divides the earth into two halves: imaginary line. It divides the earth into two halves: Western Hemisphere and Eastern HemisphereWestern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere. . (We use the letters (We use the letters WW and and EE to show locations west to show locations west and east of the prime meridian.) and east of the prime meridian.)

The Earth’s HemispheresThe Earth’s Hemispheres

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EQUATOR EQUATOR EQUATOR EQUATOR

NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

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UsingUsing Maps, Graphs, & Maps, Graphs, & Charts Charts ActivityActivity

Use the following information to Use the following information to complete the Map of Texas complete the Map of Texas

MapMap: : Label 4 locations in Texas on the map.Label 4 locations in Texas on the map.Label the surrounding states and bodies of waters.Label the surrounding states and bodies of waters.Label 1 river that is located in Texas.Label 1 river that is located in Texas.

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Use the following information to Use the following information to complete you bar graph and complete you bar graph and pie chartpie chart

Bar GraphBar Graph: : Rainfall in Fort WorthRainfall in Fort Worth

June – 5inJune – 5inJuly – 10inJuly – 10inAug – 8inAug – 8in

Pie ChartPie Chart: : Favorite PizzaFavorite Pizza

Cheese – 40%Cheese – 40%Pepperoni – 35%Pepperoni – 35%Hamburger – 15%Hamburger – 15%Other – 10%Other – 10%